scholarly journals The Body, the morality, and the passions in Descartes’ philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-92
Author(s):  
ONGAGNA Serge Roland
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Real ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
True Knowledge

This article attempts a discussion of the philosophy of Rene Descartes, about the relationship between the human body and its passions, in the process of learning the morality of virtues. Descartes has repeatedly mentioned the decisive role that the true knowledge of the good must play and trouble by regulating our passions, but without ever providing us with the answer satisfying the following question: where does and what exactly does this awareness? Even if do not find a complete answer to our question in the last great work of Descartes, we still see several elements emerging from it important in some articles of the Passions of the Soul. Thus we learn in article 143 that desire "is always good when it follows a true knowledge”, but this true knowledge only seems to be reduced to a distinction fundamental that takes place inside the soul of things "which depend entirely on us, of those which do not depend on it”. But if true knowledge, that is true, does not seem to have any other criterion apart from what it depends entirely on us, here we are in full philosophical modernity. To what Descartes immediately adds that if one succeeds in one's life in distinguishing fatality from posture, "one easily gets used to regulating his desires in such a way that, especially as their fulfillment depends on us, they can always give us complete satisfaction ” (article 146). Theoretical aspect, practical aspect, thus reconciled and harmonized with each other, it remains for us to ask one more question: why the true joy, which makes the greatest happiness of human life (felt, for example, by the husband mourning his wife in section 147) can only be a "joy secret ”? René Descartes frequently mentioned the importance of the real knowledge of good and evil, supposed to rule our lives. However he never clearly explained what this knowledge really meant to him. If there's no full answer to that to be found in his work, at least it seems that the real knowledge, meaning the truth, is totally dependent on us. Quite a modern vision of Philosophy was suggested by Descartes but also, in this article, an unusual point of view of the philosopher's work.

scholarly journals Representação e ciências sociais

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Drance Elias da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General View ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Expression Form

This Article may be situated within the rapport field between Philosophy and Social Sciences, at the search regarding to the concept concerning the Representation. Regarding to Philosophy, under a general view, the concept, concerning Representation, has been, since a long time, understood as a trail which one would get througl reaching to the real and true ones. Representation, as the thought contents expression form had not been known departing from Philosophy as a barrier against the objectivity concerning the knowledge. Representation, in its source, has been constituting itself a cognictive, inmanent reflection, related to the conscience inner subjectivity. But departing from the episthemological point of view, it has been not so easy for the campus concerning the Culture Sciences as a totality. In the theory regarding to knowledge, the Social Sciences campus and, more specifically, in the human life Symbolic dimension constitutive aspects, it has been, often, accepted negatively as an entry door for the histotical social reality. Nowadays, one may conclude that the contents concerning the Culture are deeply rooted within the histotical reality, which may present new dimension the reading regarding to the Symbolical side concerning the human life, under the view regarding to the unseen aspect, such as the intellectualistic Western dominant Culture allows understanding the way which could be in.

scholarly journals O PAPEL DO CORPO EM DUAS CONCEPÇÕES DE SUJEITO: O COGITO CARTESIANO E O EXPERIENCIALISMO / The role of the body in two conceptions of subject: the cartesian cogito and the experientialism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Oliveira de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
The Body ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Cartesian Cogito

Este artigo de natureza qualitativa tem como objetivo delinear a concepção de sujeito proposta pela Linguística Cognitiva, tendo em vista que a noção de subjetividade, para o constructo teórico em questão, nem sempre é explícita. Para levar a cabo tal empreitada, este estudo fundamenta-se no pressuposto de que, para se estudar a mente humana, não se deve excluir o corpo do processo analítico (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980; LAKOFF, 1987; JOHNSON, 1987). Assim sendo, acredita-se que a inserção da encarnação física humana no quadro teórico da razão, isto é, a teorização da promoção do corpo ao mesmo patamar ocupado pela mente, sem a possibilidade de dissociação entre eles, seja o fator crucial para se alcançar uma definição possível do que se trata o sujeito para a Linguística Cognitiva. Com o intuito de suscitar tal discussão, resgatam-se, inicialmente, as questões relacionadas ao sujeito engendrado no século XVII, influenciado por René Descartes com a intuição intelectual do cogito, no advento da Filosofia Moderna: o sujeito gerido pela substancialidade, universalidade e consciência. Como contraponto ao sujeito cartesiano, discute-se o paradigma filosófico da Hipótese da Corporificação, tornando possível o debate sobre o inconsciente cognitivo, a mente corporificada e o pensamento metafórico. Desse modo, pretende-se lançar mão do conceito de consciência, bem como os dualismos sobre mente/corpo, interioridade/exterioridade, racionalismo/empirismo e universalismo/relativismo.

The king's head

Iraq ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
The Real ◽  
Narrative Art ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Distinctive Aspect

The composition of the battle of Til-Tuba from Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh is usually described as a relief depicting a recorded historical event. It is considered a good and solid example of the Assyrian concern with history and the Assyrian propensity for propagandistic depictions of current events. The scene, which is surely saturated in the ideology of empire, has already been discussed from that point of view. Is it true to the historical event? Is it an exaggeration? Did the Assyrians really do these things? How close or how distant is this depiction of the battle from the real historical event of war?The Assyrian method of representation is generally one that is attentive to minute details and concerned with ethnographic accuracy, even when the composition is hierarchical and representations of the body are stylised into abstract patterns. Realism is certainly a distinctive aspect of Assyrian narrative art and accurate details of dress and landscape were used to create what Roland Barthes would have called the effect of the real.

scholarly journals Integrasi Ilmu Usuluddin dalam Pengajian Agama di Masjid

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-144
Author(s):  
Mohd Radhi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Religious Text ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Ilmu Usuluddin merupakan ilmu asas yang diperlukan oleh setiap individu Muslim, Ilmu ini membincangkan berkenaan asas akidah yang perlu bagi umat Islam. Hujah-hujah bagi menjelaskan akidah dan juga untuk mempertahankannya dari serangan atau keraguan pihak lain. Integrasi ilmu Usuluddin dengan aspek kehidupan sangat penting bagi membentuk individu Muslim yang berkualiti dan menjaga batasan agamanya. Pengajian ilmu Usuluddin di Masjid merupakan salah satu cara masyarakat Islam mendapatkan pengetahuan berkenaan perkara akidah. Penulisan ini akan meneliti berkenaan integrasi ilmu Usuluddin dalam pengajian agama di masjid. Penulisan ini lebih menumpukan berkenaan kandungan atau metodologi pengajian ilmu Usuluddin di masjid. Oleh itu ia bukanlah kajian yang meneliti pengajian sedia ada di masjid sebagaimana dilakukan oleh sebahagian pengkaji. Muslim scholars have been discussing the influence of Aqidah in the daily activities of human life for many decades. The gap available between the theoretical aspect and the practical aspect of Islam caused significant influence in the development of Muslim ummah. The study of Usuluddin in the mosque is one of the ways how the Muslim obtains knowledge on matters of Akidah. Usuluddin is a pillar of religion that is required for every Muslim individual to hold on. It discusses the fundamental beliefs needed for Muslims. It also explains the faith and defends it from criticism or doubts from other parties. The integration of Usuluddin knowledge with various aspects of life is crucial to establish quality Muslim individuals and to maintain their religious boundaries. This paper will examine the integration of Usuluddin with daily activities of Muslim life. This research uses the textual analysis methodology based on the works of previous Muslims scholars and their study on religious text from the Qur’an and the Sunnah. The research finds that an integrated understanding of Usuluddin necessary in the contemporary world. Every Islamic discipline, including Akidah, need to be understood and practised based on this integrated understanding to close the gap between theoretical and practical aspects of Islam.

The Body of Light in Renaissance England

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-62
Author(s):  
Simon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subtle Body ◽  
Mechanical Philosophy ◽  
Renaissance England ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Body Concept ◽  
New Form ◽  
Cambridge Platonists

This chapter engages with the first Anglophone attestations of the term “subtle body.” It appears first in the contentious correspondence between Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes between whom there was some disagreement over who plagiarized the idea from whom. Most of the chapter is taken up with the Cambridge Platonists who came in their wake, who formulated complex philosophical and mythological views of the Neoplatonic vehicles of the soul, now under the English name “subtle body.” It ends with Lady Anne Conway, who fuses the Platonism of the Cambridge group with Kabbalah to create a new form of spiritual monism. This chapter is significantly about how the subtle body concept was employed by Renaissance Platonists arguing against the reductive materialism of Cartesian mechanical philosophy.

A Comparison between Brain Death and Unstable Life: Shi'ite Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Nazari Tavakkoli
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Advanced Medical Technology ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Successful Transplantation

Death comes to us all. It is a reality that grips us all because we become separated from our loved ones. In all cultures, there is the hope that when death comes, it will be swift and will allow us to depart without prolonged suffering. There is also a social dimension to this inevitable event in human life: we hope that our death will not force hardship on family and friends, making them pay both financially and emotionally due to an uncertain condition that is created by a lingering spirit that does not sever its ties to the body. It is at such moments that we realize the importance of having a clear definition of death.Brain death as a way of measuring when death comes is an issue that has recently been under scrutiny throughout the world of medicine, but it has also been hotly debated in Islamic jurisprudence as well. Thanks to advanced medical technology, it has now become possible to transplant body organs of a person suffering from brain death into the body of a needy ill person, but for the most part, successful transplantation must take place before the emergence of traditional death symptoms. Physicians and ethicists have struggled with the difficulty in offering a medical definition for brain death. The question that has arisen for Muslim jurists is whether, from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence, someone suffering from brain death should be considered as dead for purposes of permitting transplantation of organs, or whether Muslims must treat a brain-dead patient as a living person from a legal and ethical perspective.

scholarly journals Suvorov’s Cycle of Odes in the Battle Lyrics of Gavriil Derzhavin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Ratnikov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Real ◽  
Poetic Image ◽  
The Alps

The article analyzes G. Derzhavin’s battle odes, comprehends the generalAbstract: The article analyzes G. Derzhavin’s battle odes, comprehends the generalconcept of the Suvorov cycle, its thematic originality, problematics and ideological pathosfrom the point of view of the influence of the historical context on the representation of theimage of Suvorov. The article examines the artistic reflection of the real historical features ofSuvorov, reflected in the body of works of the battle cycle in the form of a collective image.The author of the article reconstructs the image of the famous commander, represented bythe poet, based on the results of studying the battle odes in which he is mentioned, as wellas on the analysis of the ode “On the Capture of Izmail,” where he is implied. Odes “On thecapture of Izmail,” “On the Capture of Warsaw,” “The Eagle,” “On Victories in Italy,” and “Onthe Crossing of the Alps” are suggested to be considered as a cycle of battle odes based onthematic similarities and correlations in the depiction of the object. The paper also considersthe method of revealing the poetic image of Suvorov through the method of comparison.

scholarly journals Modern ideas about the psyche: changing of the paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol LII (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Mikhail М. Reshetnikov
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Biological Interface ◽  
Material Theory ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Brain

The problem of the psyche and consciousness has been the most mysterious one for a few thousand years and is still unresolved. It has been almost forgotten that Aristotle considered human psyche a structure that is not bound to the body. This idea did not persist, though. It was Hippocrates who ruined it and declared a different concept, which prevailed for many centuries, that the brain is a repository of all mental processes. Even such a genius as Rene Descartes took Hippocratess idea for granted and spent many months in attempts to find memory and emotions in gyrus and ventricles of the brain. This path the search of material structures of the psyche was followed by I.M. Sechenov, I.P. Pavlov and many others. Later, many other mistaken ideas were born, declared new and revolutionary ones and died prematurely. However, not only ideas died, but also patients, who were treated by methods developed on the basis of these hypotheses. The author formulates the idea of the brain as the biological interface and proves a non-material theory of the psyche, which is a discovery that requires a change in basic paradigms of human sciences.

scholarly journals ENSAIO PARA O ACIDENTAL: A LOUCURA E A QUEDA EM RANCIÈRE, BAS JAN ADER E DOM QUIXOTE / Essay for the accidental: loucura and fall in Rancière, Bas Jan Ader and Dom Quixote

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (41) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Daniela Cunha Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Don Quixote ◽  
The Body ◽  
Jacques Ranciere ◽  
Jacques Rancière ◽  
The Status ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Contemporary Artist ◽  
Modes Of Thought

A partir de duas figuras que marcam a modernidade – René Descartes e dom Quixote – pensamos como configuram modos de pensamento diversos e opostos. Entre o método que busca o encadeamento causal das coisas e a errância do corpo entregue às aventuras da imaginação, o filósofo e o cavaleiro instauram um embate que não é aquele entre a razão e o sensível, mas sim, entre dois modos da razão. Nosso intuito é pensar, especialmente a partir de Jacques Rancière, como o cavaleiro errante teria aberto um novo campo da experiência sensível que denominamos acidental, cujo gesto é a recusa da lógica do encadeamento causal cartesiano. Damos a ver, ainda, o modo como o gesto inaugurado por dom Quixote será reverberado nos gestos do artista contemporâneo Bas Jan Ader, com seu empenho em buscar a queda tal qual dom Quixote buscara a loucura. O que surgiria com a recusa da causalidade no cavaleiro e no artista, em nossa hipótese, é uma mudança de estatuto da própria noção de acidente ou acidental que, deixando de ser considerado erro a ser evitado, passará a ser experienciado como a única possibilidade para um mundo pautado na contingência da vida.Palavras-chave: Heterogêneo sensível; Experiência acidental; Jacques Rancière; Errância; Modos de pensamento. AbstractBased on two figures that marks the modernity − René Descartes and Don Quixote − we think about how they configure different and opposite modes of thought. Between the method that seeks the causal chain of things and the wandering of the body given over to the adventures of the imagination, the philosopher and the knight establish a clash that is not that between reason and sensible, but between two modes of reason. We think, especialy from Jacques Rancière, how the errant knight would have opened up a new field of the sensible experience that we call accidental, whose gesture is the refusal of the logic of the Cartesian causal chain. We also show how the gesture inaugurated by Don Quixote will be reflected in the gestures of the contemporary artist Bas Jan Ader, with his efforts to seek the fall just as Don Quixote sought madness. What would arise with the refusal of causality in the rider and in the artist, in our hypothesis, is a change in the status of the very notion of accident or accidental that, no longer being considered as an error to be avoided, will now be experienced as the only possibility for a world based on the contingency of life.Keywords: Heterogeneous sensible; Accidental experience; Jacques Rancière; Wandering; Forms of thinking.

scholarly journals Consistency

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Kiki Rahmatika
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Third ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

This choreography is started from Practice based Research. The research is about Dajang Rindoe’s manuscript which is deconstructed. In the process of cultivation of this work, the foundation of creation used text deconstruction, creativity, and choreography. Text deconstruction is implemented in finding the new point of view of the women freedom. Creativity approach is used for the reason that the artwork creation is not separated from the thinking process and work creatively. By this approach, the way of thinking and working creatively will be developed. The third approach that is choreography is used as the foundation in creating the dance aesthetic that involving the body movement, composition, unity, harmony, behaviour and other visual aspects. CONSISTENCY dance work is a description about woman toughness to get her freedom in order to maintain her integrity. The freedom that need the full struggle for her to get. Because the freedom itself has the meaning to be able to live independently and responsibly. In the real life, the freedom women who able to preserve her firmness independently and responsibly are very scarce. The imbalance of this firmness then fades the women integrity.

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