THE PREVALENCE OF NEEDLE STICK INJURIES (NSIS) AND HEPATITIS B VACCINATION COVERAGE AMONG HCWS IN TWO LARGE HOSPITALS IN AL-KARKH DISTRICT/BAGHDAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed A. T. Al-Ani ◽  
Sarah Ibrahim Abbas ◽  
Fatin Mohammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Needle Stick Injuries

scholarly journals Knowledge about blood-borne pathogens and the prevalence of needle stick injuries among medical students in Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuk Marusic ◽  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Olivera Djuric ◽  
Dragana Protic ◽  
Emilija Dubljanin-Raspopovic
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Sharp Object ◽  
Needle Stick Injuries ◽  
Needle Sticks

AbstractIntroductionMedical students are mainly exposed to needle stick and sharp object injuries in the course of their clinical activities during studying. They are at high risk due to their undeveloped skills, restricted clinical experience, lack of knowledge and risk perception. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries of the fourth and final year medical students, and to estimate their knowledge about blood-borne pathogens disease transmission and standard precautions.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, in February 2014. The students were invited to self-administer a questionnaire of 26 closed questions prepared for this study.ResultsThe questionnaire was filled in and returned by 637 students. The prevalence of needle sticks and sharp object injuries was 29.5%. Needle stick injuries were the most common type of accidents, more frequent among the fourth compared to the sixth year students (p=0.002). The majority of accidents occurred in patient rooms (53%) and the emergency department (15%). 54% of participants reported an accident to the responsible person. Students without accidents had a significantly better perception of risk (3.79 vs. 3.35; p<0.05). Out of the total participating students, only 16.6% (106/637) received all three doses of Hepatitis B vaccination, while 16.2% were partially vaccinated.ConclusionsThere is a need for additional theoretical and practical education of our students on blood exposure via accidents, raising the awareness of the necessity of hepatitis B vaccination, and introducing the unique/comprehensive procedure for accident reporting for students and healthcare workers in the entire country.

scholarly journals Necessity of hepatitis B vaccination based on the current situation of needle stick injuries at our hospital

Kanzo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Satoru Sekoguchi ◽  
Hitomi Hirose ◽  
Kanami Ikeda ◽  
Satoki Yamane ◽  
Seiko Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Needle Stick Injuries

Audit of emergency department assessment and management of patients presenting with community-acquired needle stick injuries

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Celenza ◽  
Lloyd J. D'Orsogna ◽  
Shervin H. Tosif ◽  
Samantha M. Bateman ◽  
Debra O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Needle Stick Injuries

Objectives. To describe characteristics and management of people with community acquired needle stick injuries (CANSI) attending urban emergency departments; and suggest a guideline to improve assessment, management, and documentation. Methods. A retrospective analysis of cases with CANSI attending emergency departments in two tertiary hospitals between 2001 and 2005 using medical record review with follow up phone and written survey. Results. Thirty-nine cases met the criteria for CANSI. Persons younger than 30 years sustained 48.72% of all injuries. Source serology was available for only five cases (12.82%). Thirty-one of thirty-nine patients (79.49%) were classed as not immune to hepatitis B but only four of these (12.90%) received both hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Six patients (15.38%) received HIV prophylaxis; of which two (33.33%) did not receive baseline HIV testing. Of ten patients referred to immunology clinic for follow up only two (20.00%) attended at 6 months. Conclusion. We have identified groups that are at high risk of CANSI, including young males, security workers and cleaners. In the majority of cases protection against hepatitis B was inadequately provided, and a substantial proportion had inadequate baseline assessment and documentation. A guideline is suggested that may be used to improve these deficits. What is known about this topic? Occupationally acquired needle stick injury guidelines are well established, but no guidelines currently exist for community acquired needle stick injuries (CANSI) which may require different risk stratification, assessment and management. Management of CANSI in Emergency Departments has not been well described. What does this paper add? An audit of Emergency Department management of community acquired needle stick injuries demonstrates deficits in risk assessment, documentation and use of post-exposure immunisation and prophylaxis. A guideline is suggested that may be used to improve these deficits. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners need to perform and document a risk assessment of the injury, perform baseline serology, and provide tetanus and hepatitis B immunisation. Use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis is determined by local prevalence of disease, injury risk assessment, source serology if known, and time since injury.

Increasing hepatitis B vaccination coverage of healthcare workers — global lessons for South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Rosemary Joyce Burnett ◽  
Angela Dramowski ◽  
Edina Amponsah-Dacosta ◽  
Johanna Catharina Meyer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination

MODELING THE IMPACT OF AWARENESS CREATED BY MEDIA CAMPAIGNS ON VACCINATION COVERAGE IN A VARIABLE POPULATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUPAMA SHARMA ◽  
A. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
The Impact

Vaccines are a core component of any preventive strategy designed to ensure the global public health. A major factor influencing the successful implementation of any immunization program is awareness and public acceptance of the vaccine. The present study focuses on potential impacts of awareness created by media campaigns on vaccination coverage of hepatitis B. In this paper, a SIR model with vital dynamics in a population of varying size is investigated, which couples hepatitis B vaccination and awareness created by media within a single framework. It is assumed that media campaigns propagate awareness about measures requisite for escaping the chances of contracting hepatitis B. The awareness created by media motivates people to get vaccinated and attain full immunization against hepatitis B virus. For analyzing the model, stability theory of differential equations is employed. First, equilibria of the system comprising fractions of the population are obtained and their stability behavior is discussed. Then the asymptotic behavior of total population is discussed in detail. Three threshold parameters R0, R1and R2governing the dynamics of infection and total population are also affirmed. The findings of numerical simulations are also in line with analytically obtained results.

scholarly journals Impact of hepatitis B vaccine in Tunisia 20 years after its introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
M Ben Hadj ◽  
H Bouguerra ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
A Bahrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Vaccination against hepatitis B represents the most effective preventive measure to reduce the global impact of this infection. In Tunisia hepatitis B vaccination was introduced for health professionals in 1992 and for the general population in 1995. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of vaccination twenty years after its introduction. Methods It was a descriptive study of data provided by the national survey of prevalence of Hepatitis B in Tunisia, which was a household-based study conducted in 2015. Blood samples sent to the reference laboratory to test markers of hepatitis B virus infection. The Vaccine effectiveness rate was calculated using the following formula: VE = 1 - Odds-ratio (OR), where OR = ratio of odds of being vaccinated among subjects with positive HBsAg test results to the odds of being vaccinated among subjects with negative HBsAg test results. Results Approximately a quarter of our population reported having been vaccinated against HBV, a coverage rate of 26.9%. Among subjects above 20 years of age, this rate was 85.3%. Besides, 83.7% of vaccinated subjects had received the three required doses of the HBV vaccine. Analysis of vaccination status by great regions of the country showed that the vaccination coverage rate was higher in the southern region. Regarding HBsAg prevalence, the rate was significantly higher among unvaccinated subjects 0.3% vs 2.2% in those vaccinated (OR = 0.11 [0.07-0.18]). We found that among vaccinated subjects, the serologic response rate at vaccination was only 63.2% which represented 16.2% of the total population. The vaccine effectiveness indicated that vaccination reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions These results demonstrate that vaccination against hepatitis B introduced in the national immunization schedule since 1995 has reduced the infection although the vaccination coverage rate remains below 90%. Key messages Importance of vaccination that reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. More effort required to raise awareness about vaccination against HBV.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B vaccination coverage in patients with diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Cordeiro Alves Arrelias ◽  
Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Cristina Lourenço de Lima ◽  
Anderson Soares da Silva ◽  
Nereida Kilza da Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract OBJECTIVE Analyze the factors associated with full hepatitis B vaccination (three doses) in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHOD Cross-sectional study, conducted in a health unit in a city in the state of São Paulo, with 255 patients on outpatient follow-up, in 2014. Data were obtained from the computerized system of the Municipal Health Department and via a structured questionnaire. A logistic regression model was used for analysis. RESULTS Full hepatitis B vaccination was noted in 13.7% of the patients and shown to be directly associated with their educational level (OR=1.30; CI: 1.07-1.57) and current or previous work as a health professional (OR=3.21; CI: 1.16-8.89). CONCLUSION Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was found to be low in patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating their vulnerability to this serious and potentially fatal disease. Higher educational level and working in the field of health were associated with better vaccination coverage.

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