scholarly journals Visual Function Tests as cost Effective Screening Tools For Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faryal Ahmed ◽  
Faraz Iftikhar Malik ◽  
Chaudhary Ehtsham Azmat ◽  
Ambreen Gul ◽  
Ali Raza
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Effective Screening ◽  
Function Tests

Purpose:  To find out the importance of visual function tests as cost effective screening tools for diabetic retinopathy. Study Design:  Descriptive, Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Ophthalmology Unit of Holy Family Hospital, from September 2018 to November 2018. Material and Methods:  Two hundred and forty-two patients were selected by convenience sampling technique and were divided into three groups. Two groups of diabetics with and without retinopathy and one group of non-diabetics age-matched controls. After relevant history, patients were examined for Visual acuity, Color vision and Contrast sensitivity using Snellen’s Chart, 24 Plates Ishihara Chart and Pelli Robson Chart respectively. Staging of retinopathy was done after mydriasis. Results:  Diabetic patients irrespective of type and stage, when compared with non-diabetic patients had a greater percentage of abnormal visual function tests. A 6/6 visual acuity was observed in 38.2% of non diabetics as compared to only 8.6% diabetics without retinopathy and 7.5% of diabetics with retinopathy. Color vision abnormalities were detected in only 8.6% of non diabetic patients. However, 11.1% of diabetics without retinopathy and 23.7% with retinopathy showed abnormalities of color vision. The percentage of abnormal Contrast sensitivity was 76.2% for diabetics with retinopathy and 60.4% for diabetics without retinopathy and 27.1% for non-diabetic patients. Conclusion:  Evaluation of Visual Acuity, Color Vision and Contrast Sensitivity are cheap and easy tests that can be used to screen for diabetic retinopathy thereby allowing early interventions to prevent development of serious ocular diabetic complications.

Study of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in diabetic patients with and without non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Lupión Durán ◽  
Antonio García-Ben ◽  
Verónica Rodríguez Méndez ◽  
Luís Gálvez Alcázar ◽  
Emma García-Ben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Review of Various Tasks Performed in the Preprocessing Phase of a Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis System

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-426
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Zulfiqar Habib
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Optic Discs

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in diabetic patients. The increasing population of diabetic patients and difficulty to diagnose it at an early stage are limiting the screening capabilities of manual diagnosis by ophthalmologists. Color fundus images are widely used to detect DR lesions due to their comfortable, cost-effective and non-invasive acquisition procedure. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of DR based on these images can assist ophthalmologists and help in saving many sight years of diabetic patients. In a CAD system, preprocessing is a crucial phase, which significantly affects its performance. Commonly used preprocessing operations are the enhancement of poor contrast, balancing the illumination imbalance due to the spherical shape of a retina, noise reduction, image resizing to support multi-resolution, color normalization, extraction of a field of view (FOV), etc. Also, the presence of blood vessels and optic discs makes the lesion detection more challenging because these two artifacts exhibit specific attributes, which are similar to those of DR lesions. Preprocessing operations can be broadly divided into three categories: 1) fixing the native defects, 2) segmentation of blood vessels, and 3) localization and segmentation of optic discs. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art preprocessing techniques related to three categories of operations, highlighting their significant aspects and limitations. The survey is concluded with the most effective preprocessing methods, which have been shown to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the CAD systems.

scholarly journals Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity and Color Vision Three Years After Iodine-125 Brachytherapy for Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Tsui ◽  
Robert M Beardsley ◽  
Tara A McCannel ◽  
Scott C Oliver ◽  
Melissa W Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vision Measurement ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Iodine 125 ◽  
Decrease In Visual Acuity ◽  
Ciliary Body Melanoma

Purpose : To report visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color vision prior to, 1 year after, 2 years after and 3 years after iodine-125 brachytherapy for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma (CCM). Design : Prospective interventional case series. Participants : Thirty-seven patients (37 eyes) with CCM. Methods : Patients had best-corrected Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity and Hardy-Rand-Rittler color vision measurement; comprehensive ophthalmology examination; optical coherence tomography; and ultrasonography at baseline prior to, 1 year after, 2 years after and 3 years after I-125 brachytherapy. Main Outcome Measures : Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color vision prior to, 1 year after, 2 years after and 3 years after brachytherapy. Results : Nineteen (19) men and 18 women with mean age of 58 years (SD 13, range 30-78) prior to, 1 year after, 2 years after and 3 years after brachytherapy had mean best-corrected visual acuity of 77 letters (20/32), 65 letters (20/50), 56 letters (20/80) and 47 letters (20/125); contrast sensitivity of 30, 26, 22 and 19 letters; color vision of 26, 20, 17 and 14 test figures, respectively. Decrease in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color vision was statistically significant from baseline at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after brachytherapy. Decreased acuity at 3 years was associated with mid-choroid and macula melanoma location, ≥ 4.1 mm melanoma height, radiation maculopathy and radiation optic neuropathy. Conclusion : 1, 2 and 3 years after brachytherapy, eyes with CCM had significantly decreased visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color vision.

The screening episode: visual acuity, mydriasis, and digital photography

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
David K. Roy ◽  
Prashant Amrelia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Eye Screening ◽  
Diabetic Eye Screening ◽  
Acceptable Image Quality

Early eye screening detection and treatment is fundamental in managing significant complications of chronic disease, both for improving diabetic retinopathy (DR) clinical outcomes and improving the economic burdens. Early detection and subsequent treatment can substantially reduce the risk of blindness from DR. This chapter will review the screening episode, measuring visual acuity, drop instillation, contraindications, and correct camera operation. It will review problems associated with incorrect camera operation and the NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (NHSDESP) standards of acceptable image quality. This will guide the screener in obtaining clear, well-centred, gradable digital images of the retina in diabetic patients with vision better than no perception of light in both eyes, as well as providing a greater understanding of issues associated with screening.

Prospective analysis of visual function changes in patients with dermatochalasis after upper eyelid blepharoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-984
Author(s):  
Meryem Altin Ekin ◽  
Seyda Karadeniz Ugurlu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Higher Order Aberrations ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To evaluate the changes of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, astigmatism, and higher order aberrations after blepharoplasty in patients with dermatochalasis. Methods: Two hundred six eyelids of 103 patients with dermatochalasis were prospectively studied. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, corneal topography, astigmatism degree, and higher order aberrations were examined and recorded before and at 1 month after upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Change in contrast sensitivity and astigmatism values were determined according to margin reflex distance of patients, which were classified into three following groups: <2 mm, 2–3 mm, and ⩾ 4 mm. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to compare the difference. Results: No significant differences were observed for visual acuity (p = 0.157). The contrast sensitivity of patients significantly increased at all spatial frequencies both under glare and nonglare conditions (p < 0.05). The mean refractive astigmatism significantly decreased from ‒1.01 ± 1.3 to ‒0.79 ± 0.71, postoperatively (p = 0.029). In patients with marginal reflex distance < 2 mm, mean contrast sensitivity was increased (p < 0.001) and mean astigmatism was decreased significantly (p < 0.001) compared with those with ⩾ 2 mm. Higher order aberrations decreased significantly from 0.62 ± 0.41 µm to 0.55 ± 0.38 µm (p = 0.038) after blepharoplasty. Root mean square of the vertical trefoil (p = 0.038), vertical coma (p = 0.002), horizontal trefoil (p = 0.027), third-order aberration (p = 0.005), secondary vertical stigmatism (p = 0.001), spherical aberration (p = 0.023), secondary horizontal astigmatism (p = 0.002), fourth-order aberration (p = 0.024), vertical pentafoil (p = 0.015), secondary horizontal coma (p = 0.035), secondary horizontal trefoil (p = 0.030), and horizontal pentafoil (p = 0.048) were decreased significantly. Conclusion: Upper eyelid blepharoplasty in patients with dermatochalasis has a significant improvement in visual function in terms of contrast sensitivity, astigmatism, and higher order aberrations.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Optic Disc Edema in a Tertiary Eye Center of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Anil Parajuli ◽  
Ananda Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sanjeeta Sitaula
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Optic Disc Edema ◽  
Disc Edema ◽  
Vision Defect ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Life Threatening

Purpose: To evaluate the etiology and clinical presentation of cases with optic disc edema presenting to a tertiary eye center of Nepal. Background: The etiology of optic disc edema ranges from relatively benign to potentially sight and life threatening conditions. Till date very few studies have been done on disc edema in Nepal. Method: The authors conducted a prospective, descriptive study at B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS), Nepal. All cases with disc edema presenting to the out patient department (OPD) from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015 were included in the study. Results: Total 112 patients were included in the study, out of which diagnosis could be established in 99. The mean age of the patients was 32.54 ± 13.97 years with the majority being female. The most common cause of disc edema was idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (37.5%,). Majority of the patients complained of isolated diminution of vision (38.4%). Among the eyes affected, 78.3% had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 6/6-6/18, 36.6% had color vision defect and 31.4% had reduced contrast sensitivity. The most common visual field defect was isolated enlarged blind spot (39.7 %). Conclusion: IIH followed by optic neuritis (ON) are the most common causes of disc edema. Conditions with disc edema mainly affect the age group 21-40 years with females affected 2.5 times more than males. Visual acuity, color vision and contrast sensitivity are deranged in majority of cases of ON and normal in majority of cases of IIH.

Visual Function during Acute Hypoglycaemia

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tabandeh ◽  
L. Ranganath ◽  
V. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Visual Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Hypoglycaemia Unawareness ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Binocular Function

Hypoglycaemia symptoms are of particular interest in view of the importance of hypoglycaemia unawareness. Visual symptoms arising during acute hypoglycaemia may be the result of metabolic disturbances in the visual pathways within the central nervous system or impairment of the refractive apparatus of the eye and binocular function. This study investigated the effect of hypoglycaemia upon visual acuity, binocular interaction and contrast sensitivity. Various aspects of visual function were examined in ten normal subjects before, during and after acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. A simultaneous study of hypoglycaemic symptoms enabled us to relate the objective findings to the symptoms as reported by the subjects. Snellen visual acuity, fusion and stereopsis were not affected by hypoglycaemia. Five subjects noted visual disturbance. Eight developed significant impairment of contrast sensitivity, which closely matched the lowered blood glucose concentration. These observations suggest that hypoglycaemic visual symptoms are due to neuroglycopenia of central visual pathways rather than changes within the refractive apparatus or abnormality of binocular function. Although these symptoms are not a constant feature of the hypoglycaemic state, subtle impairment of visual function occurs in most cases. Contrast sensitivity testing can be useful for assessment of fine changes in visual function.

scholarly journals The Nonmydriatic Fundus Camera in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Cost-Effective Study with Evaluation for Future Large-Scale Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Scarpa ◽  
Francesca Urban ◽  
Stela Vujosevic ◽  
Michele Tessarin ◽  
Giovanni Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Fundus Camera ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening

Aims. The study aimed to present the experience of a screening programme for early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using a nonmydriatic fundus camera, evaluating the feasibility in terms of validity, resources absorption, and future advantages of a potential application, in an Italian local health authority. Methods. Diabetic patients living in the town of Ponzano, Veneto Region (Northern Italy), were invited to be enrolled in the screening programme. The “no prevention strategy” with the inclusion of the estimation of blindness related costs was compared with screening costs in order to evaluate a future extensive and feasible implementation of the procedure, through a budget impact approach. Results. Out of 498 diabetic patients eligible, 80% was enrolled in the screening programme. 115 patients (34%) were referred to an ophthalmologist and 9 cases required prompt treatment for either proliferative DR or macular edema. Based on the pilot data, it emerged that an extensive use of the investigated screening programme, within the Greater Treviso area, could prevent 6 cases of blindness every year, resulting in a saving of €271,543.32 (−13.71%). Conclusions. Fundus images obtained with a nonmydriatic fundus camera could be considered an effective, cost-sparing, and feasible screening tool for the early detection of DR, preventing blindness as a result of diabetes.

scholarly journals Triamcinolone and Bevacizumab as Adjunctive Therapies to Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lopez-Lopez ◽  
F. Gomez-Ulla ◽  
M. J. Rodriguez-Cid ◽  
L. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Central Macular Thickness ◽  
Intravitreal Triamcinolone ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose. To evaluate efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT) and bevacizumab (IVB) as adjunctive treatments to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods. In 60 eyes of 45 patients with PDR, PRP (PRP group), PRP with IVT (IVT group), or PRP with IVB (IVB group) was performed. Regression of new vessels (NV), changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and contrast sensitivity at 1,2, and 6 months were evaluated. Results. Initial mean numbers of active NV and BCVA were 3.45 and 67.35 in the PRP group, 4.35 and 76.65 in the IVT group, and 4.79 and 75.53 in the IVB group. At the 6-month follow-up, numbers of active NV were 2.5 (P=0.064), 1.11 (P=0.000), and 1.11 (P=0.002), and there was a mean loss of 2,6 (P=0.055), 3.9 (P=0.011), and 0.9 letters (P=0.628) in the PRP, IVT, and IVB groups, respectively. Changes in CMT in the PRP and IVT groups were not significant, but significantly increased in the IVB group (P=0.032). Contrast sensitivity remained stable in PRP and IVB groups and slightly decreased in IVT group. Conclusions. Adjunctive use of both triamcinolone and bevacizumab with PRP lead to a greater reduction of active NV than PRP alone in PDR, although no differences were seen between the two of them.

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