scholarly journals Regression of Liquorodynamic Disorders and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Overdrain Syndrome Clinic in a Patient After Severe Brain Injury with Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus and a Giant Cranial Bones Defect After Cranioplasty: Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Vorobyev ◽  
Inessa G. Shchelkunova ◽  
Dmitrii V. Levin ◽  
Oleg B. Lukyanec ◽  
Alexandr A. Shaybak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Shunt System ◽  
Cranial Defect ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction. The frequency of post-traumatic hydrocephalus is 3.9%. The incidence of post-traumatic defects of the skull is 10.46 per 100,000 per year. Overdrain syndrome occurs in 1012% of cases in patients with long-term ventricular shunting. The presence of a cranial defect causes a violation of blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the area of the defect, a displacement of brain structures under the influence of gravity and atmospheric pressure, which can cause a deterioration in the patients condition and a significant slowdown in recovery after a severe head injury. Both craniotomy syndrome and excessive shunting can impede the verticalization and rehabilitation of patients with post-traumatic hydrocephalus and post-traumatic defects of the bones of the cranial vault. Description of the clinical case. Clinical case demonstrates an example of a differential approach and an algorithm for deciding on surgical treatment in a patient with post-traumatic hydrocephalus and cranial bones defect in case of deterioration during attempts at verticalization in a complex of rehabilitation measures. Conclusion. The clinical manifestations of trephine skull syndrome and syndrome of shunt overdrain in the patient after severe traumatic brain injury combines post-traumatic hydrocephalus, may be similar. And not always, as demonstrated in this clinical case, narrowed ventricles and the relationship of deterioration to verticalization should be interpreted as a syndrome of excessive drainage of the shunt system. The plastic surgery of the defect of the bones of the cranial vault performed in this case made it possible to improve the patients condition and regress symptoms.

scholarly journals Depression following traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Fakhoury ◽  
Zaynab Shakkour ◽  
Firas Kobeissy ◽  
Nada Lawand
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Current State ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Brain Changes

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern affecting the neuropsychological health; TBI is accompanied by drastic long-term adverse complications that can influence many aspects of the life of affected individuals. A substantial number of studies have shown that mood disorders, particularly depression, are the most frequent complications encountered in individuals with TBI. Post-traumatic depression (P-TD) is present in approximately 30% of individuals with TBI, with the majority of individuals experiencing symptoms of depression during the first year following head injury. To date, the mechanisms of P-TD are far from being fully understood, and effective treatments that completely halt this condition are still lacking. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of P-TD, to discuss the accompanying brain changes at the anatomical, molecular and functional levels, and to discuss current approaches used for the treatment of P-TD.

scholarly journals Rolling technique for treatment of left displacement of the large colon in horses: 11 cases (2004-2009)

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Canola ◽  
J.C. Lacerda Neto ◽  
J.C. Canola
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Percutaneous Ultrasonography ◽  
Rectal Palpation

The left displacement of the large colon, a condition that commonly occurs in horses, has two clinical manifestations. Different treatments including medical treatment, rolling the horse under general anesthesia or surgical correction have been recommended. The diagnosis can often be made by rectal examination and confirmed by percutaneous ultrasonography. During the period between 2004 and 2009, 11 horses were treated for left displacement of the large colon by rolling the horses under general anesthesia, using a slightly different technique than the ones previously described. The clinical case selection was based on rectal palpation confirmed with ultrasonogram. Nine animals were successfully treated and two had to be submitted to surgery after three attempts of rolling. No short or long term complications were observed after the procedure. Only one animal had a recurrence of the clinical manifestation 10 months after the first treatment and was successfully rolled once again. Despite a bit different from the other rolling procedures, this also proved to be an effective procedure. Rolling a horse even when attempted more than once showed to be a safe procedure, however, we reinforce the need for special attention following the procedure in order to establish proper emergency procedures in case complications occur.

scholarly journals Functional changes in the sleep-wake cycle after experimental traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Гаврилов ◽  
К.З. Деревцова ◽  
Е.А. Корнева
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Acute Changes

Актуальность. Хроническое нарушение цикла «сон-бодрствование» является частым последствием черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ), однако патогенез этого явления неизвестен. Недоступность прижизненного гистологического анализа пораженных структур головного мозга, полиморфность повреждений при ЧМТ создают определенные трудности для систематического изучения посттравматических нарушений. Большая часть современных исследований сфокусирована на острых изменениях активности клеток мозга после ЧМТ. Проблема изучения отдаленных последствий после перенесенной ЧМТ остается не менее актуальной. Характерные для посттравматического периода нарушения сна существенно влияют на когнитивную активность и вызывают вторичные функциональные изменения, приводящие к последующему снижению трудоспособности и качества жизни людей, перенесших травму. Целью исследования стало изучение нарушений цикла «сон-бодрствование» в течение нескольких недель после ЧМТ у крыс по результатам анализа электроэнцефалограмм. Методы. Для объективной оценки нарушений сна использовали полисомнографию. Проанализированы данные электрофизиологических изменений через 1, 7 и 28 дней после травмы. Результаты. Обнаружено отставленное (через 28 дней) влияние ЧМТ на показатели цикла «сон-бодрствование»: повышение продолжительности сна за счёт возрастания длительности периодов сна в темное время суток в часы активного бодрствования крыс, с соответствующим снижением индекса фрагментации сна. Заключение. Выявленный характер нарушений сна после ЧМТ позволяет приблизиться к пониманию адекватных способов терапии, направленной на нормализацию цикла сон-бодрствование, что поможет снизить развитие посттравматической астении. Background. Chronic disturbance of the sleep-wake cycle is a frequent consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with an unknown pathogenesis. Unavailability of intravital histological analysis of affected brain structures and the polymorphism of TBI complicate systematic study of posttraumatic disorders. Most of current research focuses on acute changes in brain cell activity following TBI. The issue of long-term TBI consequences is still relevant. Sleep disorders typical for the post-traumatic period considerably affect the cognitive function and cause secondary functional changes that lead to impaired working ability. In addition, TBI decreases the patients’ quality of life. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate disorders of the sleep-wake cycle during several weeks after TBI in rats using electroencephalographic analysis. Methods. The polysomnography study detected electrophysiological changes at 1, 7, and 28 days after trauma. Results. A delayed (28 days) impact of TBI on indexes of the sleep-wake cycle included an increased sleep duration due to longer sleep periods in the dark time of day, during the hours of rat active waking with a corresponding decrease in the sleep fragmentation index. Conclusion. The identified nature of post-TBI sleep disorders provides better understanding of adequate therapy aimed at normalizing the sleep-wake cycle, which will help reduce the development of post-traumatic asthenia.

Sinus tarsi syndrome in a patient with talipes equinovarus

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Giorgini ◽  
RL Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Talar Head ◽  
Sinus Tarsi ◽  
Sinus Tarsi Syndrome ◽  
Talipes Equinovarus ◽  
Anatomical Relationship ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Relationship Of

The literature reports that 70% of the cases of sinus tarsi syndrome are post-traumatic, following an inversion sprain, and that 30% result from inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gouty arthritis. However, in the case presented, talipes equinovarus deformity and sinus tarsi syndrome coexisted. One of the corrective goals in the management of the talipes equinovarus deformity is the realignment of the articulation between the medial plantarly deviated talar head and the anteromedial segment of the calcaneus. The calcaneus must be rotated from a plantarflexed position into a dorsiflexed position. The posterior tubercle will be moved down and in, with the anterior process moved up and out away from the talar head. By correcting the plantarflexed varus attitude of the calcaneus, it is put in a valgus position that often closes down the sinus tarsi upon weightbearing. This compression may result in pain over the lateral aspect of the midfoot with hindfoot instability, as seen in the case presented. As a result of the abnormal anatomical relationship of the talus and calcaneus, the patient developed severe pain in the sinus tarsi. Based on the medical history and present postoperative results, the authors find a long-term sequela of talipes equinovarus deformity to be sinus tarsi syndrome.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Associated to Long-term Dissociative Fugue: A Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Tatay Manteiga ◽  
L. Laguna Sopena ◽  
M. Lloret Diez-Canseco ◽  
T. Merino Magán ◽  
S. Cepeda Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aims:Since the end of 19th century, mental health professionals have noticed that individuals who have experienced traumatic situations often present dissociative symptoms, such as amnesia or fugue states. Dissociation is a defensive mechanism that allows an individual to separate from conscience the psychological distress produced by the trauma. Our aim was to remark the association between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and long-term dissociative disorders through the study of a clinical case.Method:A clinical case was followed and reviewed to illustrate this relationship.Results:Ten years ago, a 49-year-old man was diagnosed of PTSD after having witnessed several colleagues burnt in a tragic accident at work and having helped the emergency fire brigade to rescue other victims. His symptoms required treatment with antidepressants and psychotherapy, and fully remitted after one year. Nevertheless, during the last year, he has presented two dissociative amnesia episodes lasting for three days each, which were examined by a neurology service. More recently, he has suffered a ten-day episode of dissociative fugue, which required psychiatric hospitalization. Although the patient has been asymptomatic during a decade, it is remarkable that he has presented three dissociative episodes in a short period of time. One of them, the fugue state, is interesting because of its long duration and its relatively low prevalence in the general population.Conclusions:This clinical case allows us to appreciate the long-term relationships between psychological trauma and dissociation, in addition to the well-known short-term effects.

scholarly journals Splenosis: fetters of the unknown or step through existing precautions (part II)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
N. B. Gubergrits ◽  
A. D. Zubov ◽  
K. N. Borodiy ◽  
T. L. Mozhyna
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aim: to present a review of the literature on post-traumatic splenosis of different localization, as well as to complete the presentation of a rare clinical case of multiple post-traumatic intra-abdominal splenosis in combination with type 2 macroamylasemia, chronic pancreatitis in a 27-year-old woman.Main results. The literature data of the pathogenesis and classification of splenosis are considered. Close attention is paid to the clinical manifestations of post-traumatic splenosis: the results of imaging studies in intrathoracic, disseminated abdominal, intrahepatic and intrapancreatic forms of splenosis are presented.The end of the description of a rare clinical case of progressive multiple post-traumatic intra-abdominal splenosis in combination with type 2 macroamylasemia and chronic pancreatitis is presented. The process of diagnostic search, differential diagnosis is described, the controversial points to the patient’s management, the possibility and expediency of pregnancy are considered.Conclusion. The exclusivity of this clinical case requires further dynamic monitoring, especially in the possible pregnancy. 

scholarly journals Dentate Gyrus Proliferative Responses After Traumatic Brain Injury and Binge Alcohol in Adult Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 263310552096890
Author(s):  
Son T Ton ◽  
Natalie S Adamczyk ◽  
Jack P Gerling ◽  
Ian C Vaagenes ◽  
Joanna Y Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a significant public health issue that results in serious disability in survivors. Traumatic brain injury patients are often intoxicated with alcohol when admitted to the hospital; however, it is not clear how acute intoxication affects recovery from a traumatic brain injury. Our group has previously shown that binge alcohol prior to traumatic brain injury resulted in long-term impairment in a fine sensorimotor task that was correlated with a decreased proliferative and neuroblast response from the subventricular zone. However, whether binge alcohol prior to traumatic brain injury affects the proliferative response in the hippocampal dentate gyrus is not yet known. Methods: Male rats underwent binge alcohol (3 g/kg/day) by gastric gavage for 3 days prior to traumatic brain injury. Cell proliferation was labeled by BrdU injections following traumatic brain injury. Stereological quantification and immunofluorescence confocal analysis of BrdU+ cells in the hippocampal dorsal dentate gyrus was performed at 24 hours, 1 week and 6 weeks post traumatic brain injury. Results: We found that either traumatic brain injury alone or binge alcohol alone significantly increased dentate gyrus proliferation at 24 hours and 1 week. However, a combined binge alcohol and traumatic brain injury regimen resulted in decreased dentate gyrus proliferation at 24 hours post-traumatic brain injury. At the 6 week time point, binge alcohol overall reduced the number of BrdU+ cells. Furthermore, more BrdU+ cells were found in the dentate hilar region of alcohol traumatic brain injury compared to vehicle traumatic brain injury groups. The location and double-labeling of these mismigrated BrdU+ cells was consistent with hilar ectopic granule cells. Conclusion: The results from this study showed that pre-traumatic brain injury binge alcohol impacts the injury-induced proliferative response in the dentate gyrus in the short-term and may affect the distribution of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus in the long-term.

Development of sulfasalazine-associated drug-induced lupus erythematosus in patient with rheumatoid arthritis (clinical case)

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
A. N. Kovshik ◽  
E. P. Kiseleva ◽  
N. G. Klyukvina ◽  
G. V. Lukina
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Reliable Diagnosis ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Lupus Syndrome

Drug-induced lupus syndrome (DLS) is a rare adverse event with a variety of drugs. More than a hundred of drugs are known that can cause the development of DLS, and this list is growing as new drugs appear. Physicians of any specialty can face such complications of therapy and should be aware of this pathology. The article presents an analysis of a clinical case of DLS development against the background of long-term administration of sulfasalazine in a patient with a reliable diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as a literature review, which includes data on the prevalence, drug groups, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

scholarly journals Multidetector-row computed tomography in cerebral hydatid cyst

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A Wani ◽  
Tasleem L Kosar ◽  
Abdul Qayum Khan ◽  
Sheikh Shahnawaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Cerebral Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTIntracranial localization is a rare manifestation of hydatid cyst disease (Echinococcosis). It comprises only 2% of cases of Echinococcosis infection even in endemic areas and is predominantly seen in children. Clinical manifestations resulting from raised intracranial tension are nonspecifi c. Imaging with computed tomography (CT) may suggest the diagnosis preoperatively with reasonable accuracy. Multidetector-row CT (MDCT) with its high resolution multiplanar reformations can demonstrate the relationship of the cyst with adjacent brain structures and thus help in planning surgery. This has a practical utility in places where magnetic resonance imaging is not available. We describe a case of cerebral hydatid cyst in a 13-year-old boy who was diagnosed with MDCT, which helped in planning its surgical removal.

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