EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS PHENOMENON IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (ON MATERIAL OF PARALYMPIC VOCABULARY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Т.А. Марцева ◽  
Ю.В. Кобенко ◽  
О.В. Солодовникова ◽  
Е.С. Рябова
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Real Life ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Language Ethics

Постановка задачи. В работе рассматривается историческая трансформация представлений о политкорректности в англоязычной культуре, являющейся в настоящее время доминирующей «глобальной» культурой. В отечественной лингвистике существует ряд синонимичных терминов для номинации данного явления: коммуникативная корректность, языковая толерантность, языковой такт. Результаты. Отношение к политкорректности значительно эволюционировало с момента ее зарождения в англоязычной среде в 1980е гг. Изначально явление рассматривали в качестве способа обеспечения взаимоуважения и терпимости в международном поликультурном и мультилингвальном пространстве. В начале XXI в. отмечается ироничное восприятие политкорректности, вызванное гиперкорректностью, желанием завуалировать все неоднозначные проявления действительности. Тем не менее политкорректное отношение необходимо для таких социальных категорий индивидов, как люди с ограниченными возможностями. Выбор паралимпийского дискурса в качестве источника материала по политкорректности обусловлен статусом английского языка, выступающего единственным официальным языком паралимпийского движения. Международный паралимпийский комитет - управляющий орган паралимпийского движения и посредник между спортсменами с инвалидностью и общественностью - также выполняет функцию субъекта языковой политики. Данная организация стала инициатором лингвистических экспериментов по поиску подходящих номинаций для спортсменов-участников данных соревнований. Выводы. Динамика номинаций спортсменов с инвалидностью демонстрирует эволюцию от лексем с негативной коннотацией, распространенных до 1960 гг., чрезмерно осторожных номинаций, употребляемых в 1980е - 2000е гг., до откровенных и эксплицитных лексических единиц, используемых в настоящее время. Паралимпийский дискурс представляется питательной средой для генерации и апробации таких номинаций, откуда они позже распространяются на людей с инвалидностью в целом. Изменения интралингвистического характера повлияли на трансформацию в мировоззренческих установках и отношении к людям с ограниченными возможностями. Таким образом, через лингвистические новшества осуществляется пропагандистская деятельность паралимпийского комитета, вызывающая в конечном итоге изменения экстралингвистического порядка. Formulation of the problem. The article looks into the changes in attitudes to political correctness in English linguistic culture, presently considered the dominant “global” culture. Russian linguistics offers a range of synonymous terms to nominate this phenomenon: communicative correctness, language tolerance, language ethics, etc. Results. The attitude to political correctness has evolved significantly since its appearance in English-speaking environment in the 1980s. It was initially viewed as the means of providing and securing tolerance and respect in the international multicultural and multilingual community. The turn of the 21 century showed ironic perception of political correctness caused by hypercorrectness and desire to conceal the controversial facts of the real life. However, tolerant attitude is crucial for such social categories as people with disabilities. The decision to analyze the Paralympic discourse in search for the examples of politically correct nominations is caused by the status of English language - the only official language of the Paralympic movement. International Paralympic Committee - the managing structure of the Paralympics and the intermediary between para-athletes and society also performs the function of the agent of language policy. This organization initiated linguistic experiments to search the appropriate nominations of para-sportspeople. Conclusion. The range of nominations demonstrates evolution from the lexemes with negative connotations, widely used up to the 1960s, extremely cautious nominations, spread in English throughout 1980s - 2000s to explicit lexical units used nowadays. Paralympic discourse has become the medium that stimulates emergence and practical evaluation of such nominations. It is also the platform for their further spread to be used as the nominations of all people with disabilities. Intralinguistic changes have influenced the mentality of English-speakers and their attitude to people with disabilities. This is an example of the propaganda performed by the International Paralympic Committee, which leads to the extralinguistic changes.

scholarly journals THE TEACHING OF EFL LISTENING IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT: THE STATE OF THE ART

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Bambang Yudi Cahyono ◽  
Utami Widiati
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
International Language ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Status ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Teaching Of Listening ◽  
Listening Process

The status of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Indonesia necessitates the use of English native speakers' utterances as models of pronunciation and as standard of understanding messages in various contexts, be they academic or social. As recently English has developed as an international language that can be used as a means of communication between people from non-English speaking countries, the role of listening activities in the teaching of English cannot be neglected. This article highlights the importance of listening and reviews some of the issues in the research and teaching of EFL listening. It firstly presents a paradigm of the listening process, followed by a theoretical framework for teaching listening, especially in the broader context of English language teaching. It then discusses the teaching of and research on EFL listening in Indonesia. Finally, this article outlines some recommendations for more effective teaching of listening in EFL classrooms.

scholarly journals Pre-service and in-service English teachers’ outlook in the use of online learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Nasrullah
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Digital Native ◽  
The Status ◽  
English Speaking

The advancement of technology by the emergence of various websites and applications in learning English is inevitably becoming phenomena today. However, many educators especially in-service teachers in Asian secondary schools are reluctant to embody them in the process of English Language Teaching (ELT) since this problem has existed in last decade in the English speaking countries which place English as first and second language; one emerging factor might likely be the status of either x-generations or millennial generation attached to some of them in coin with digital native or digital immigrant as proposed by Marc Prensky. Therefore, this paper is supposed to explain an investigation on the view shown by both sides (pre-service and in-service English teacher). In doing so, a qualitative approach is conducted by involving five pre-service teachers and five in-service teachers in South Kalimantan. The expected finding of this research could depict the variety of chosen views towards the insight and knowledge of ELT resources whether it can be useful for the process of pedagogy in the learning process as well as their classroom instruction.

scholarly journals The concept of "pandemic" in modern English-language political discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Nataliia Shkvorchenko ◽  
Viktoriia Hromovenko ◽  
Yuliia Sharapanovska
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
English Language ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Use Of Internet

Real-life is closely linked to speech. How and what we communicate often speaks both about ourselves and about the conditions in which we find ourselves. The same applies to the situation around the coronavirus pandemic. One way or another, it influenced the way and the subject we talk about. In this article, we consider the measurement of speech changes under the influence of a pandemic on the example of the political discourse of English-speaking countries. Our goal was to find out how the coronavirus influenced political discourse and what specific examples can be used to demonstrate this. To carry out research, we used general and special scientific methods, in particular, content analysis, linguistic analysis. Among the sources, we have studied are scientific articles on the research topic, as well as materials of publications of the world's leading media on the research topic. As a result of this work, we concluded that the political discourse reflects the situation around the coronavirus in terms of the speaker and the goals he sets for himself. At the same time, for professional politicians, the pandemic has become a platform for a power struggle, so some of them openly manipulate information. One of the interesting areas of research is the means of communication in a crisis, in particular, the use of Internet memes to demonstrate their political position. This, as well as coronaviral neologisms, need further study.

Ideas of Reality: Antonio Dias between Rio de Janeiro, Paris, and Milan

ARTMargins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-99
Author(s):  
Sérgio B. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
English Language ◽  
Arte Povera ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Global Art

Despite the fact that the growing reception of Antonio Dias (b. 1944) in the English-speaking world is happening under the sign of global art history, the trajectory of the Brazilian artist in the 1960s and 1970s actually suggests both a counter-genealogy and a counter-geography of the global. This essay explores this situation by recontextualizing Dias's emergence vis-à-vis the critical debate on realism and underdevelopment that marked the Rio de Janeiro avant-gardist scene of the mid- to late-1960s and involved writers such as Ferreira Gullar, Hélio Oiticica, Mário Pedrosa, Pierre Restany, and Frederico Morais. It subsequently argues that such critical terms simultaneously both change and remain crucial as Dias moves away from Brazil, first to Paris, late in 1966, and then to Milan, in 1968, inflecting the artist's recourse to the English language and his turn to painting as his preferred medium even as he began to circulate amongst artists associated with Arte Povera and Conceptualism in Europe.

scholarly journals Terra incognita of vitality problem: Open issues. Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Tolochek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sports Management ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Project ◽  
The 1960S

The increase of uncertainty, instability, complexity, ambiguity of the dynamics of the condition of social subjects are among the issues that make vitality problem topical. This results in higher standards for adaptation mechanisms of an individual and social groups (families, work groups, sports, management, project teams) and greater importance of socio-psychological and psychological resources of a person. Not all spontaneously formed adaptation mechanisms of individual and group subjects are adequate for real-life situations, not all of them are developed when it is necessary and change when the goals and requirements of the environment change. The purpose of the study is to conduct research of human vitality under uncertainty conditions; the object of the study is: social and psychological mechanisms and human vitality resources; methods include: historical and theoretical analysis, analysis of empirical research results. Hypothesis: The first stage is maintaining the vitality of an individual and social groups via formation of prosocial mechanisms of behavior according to a model (prototype). The following development stages of vitality involve forming adaptation mechanisms initiated and supported by the evolution of the “internal conditions” of the subject. We analysed the materials related to vitality study in foreign and domestic psychology from the 1960s to the present: historically emerging approaches (five “waves”), subject and tasks, mechanisms and types of human adaptation to the physical and social environment. It is stated that, within the boundar ies of historically formed paradigms, two human states are considered – “below the norm” and “norms” of social, psychological, physical functioning, characteristics of which are described by the concepts of “improvement”, “positive adaptation”, “preservation”, “back to normal”, “optimal condition”, “achieving a good result”; vitality is viewed as the achievement and maintenance of “social homeostasis” by a person, with the focus on the prosocial behavior models of other people, who are reproducing such models. Climbing the heights of physical and spiritual maturity, reaching a higher level of social functioning, the effects of positive changes in survivors of traumatic events remain unexplored, and retain the status of terra incognita.

scholarly journals Challenges of Teaching and Learning English Language for ESP Courses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Miranda Enesi ◽  
Fatmir Vrapi ◽  
Anisa Trifoni
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Specialized Language ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Learning English

ESP as a branch of Applied Linguistics is concerned with teaching, testing methods, analysis of students’ demands and inquiry into the linguistic and discourse structures of specific texts. ESP is a very important subject in Universities nowadays for many reasons. Technology is mostly developed in English speaking countries and specialized language is so widely used in all walks of life. ESP courses aim to prepare students with skills and vocabulary required in their studies and professions. They have to attend conferences, workshops and seminars worldwide and specific terminology is intertwined with their research area. In the case of teaching and learning English for IT, being familiar with the technical terms, translation of equivalent terms, using specific language in communication, are among the challenges. Grammar is an important skill for language mastery though not included in ESP course books and syllabi. Compiling adequate syllabuses based on the five skills including Grammaring is crucial. Through this paper it is aimed to present challenges of Teaching English for IT students, and suggest effective teaching techniques to overcome them. It is observed and hinted that ESP lecturers teach with more than one coursebook including materials drawn from real life, this way introducing a new and effective approach to teaching ESP. Professional knowledge is never enough in a certain study area. Communication and performance are the key for success or failure in the long run of ongoing education.    Received: 29 March 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

scholarly journals On deconventionalization of modern English business communication [Book review: A. Yu. Bagiyan, O. I. Natkho, T. A. Shiryaeva «Wisdom of the ages in the language of business. Paremiae in the English-speaking popular scientific business discourse : cognitive-discourse aspect»]

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Tatiana N. Fedulenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Structural Principle ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Business Discourse ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Complex Article ◽  
Professional Contexts

The authors presented a comprehensive study of English paremiae used in modern popular scientific business discourse. Two approaches were applied in this multi-vector study: cognitive-discursive and pragma-communicative. The book aimed to identify the main regularities in paremiae functional range. The authors were the pioneers to argue for the need to study the popular science business discourse as a separate sub-discourse of business discourse and to prove its framing status. They also offer a new view on the status of paremia as a precedent cultural sign as a recurrent fragment of the English-language popular scientific business discourse. Another novelty was a complex of specific cognitive-discursive features of paremiae functioning in the English-language popular scientific business discourse. The authors managed to reveal paremiae main functions within the framework of their discursive usage. They also proposed the main methods of paremiological modification. Paremia was used as the main functioning element in the stratification of complex article headings in popular science business discourse. A comprehensive approach including structural principle enabled the authors to divide the paremia repertoir into two sizable groups – original paremiae and modified paremiae – and to determine the percentage for each of the two. The authors brought forward three functional types of headings with paremic elements and identified five new functions characteristic for English paremiae in the examined type of discourse: mimicry, deregulation, remodeling, catalyzing and anticipation. A number of challenging issue were addressed in the book including, first of all, paremia functions discursive convergence, their “functional synergy” which is a very significant phenomenon and an effecient tool to manage information abundace and functional density of all units of the studied discourse. The reasons for the frequent use of paremiae by communicants in various professional contexts were also discussed.

A Strategy for Diversity Training

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Madera ◽  
Jack A. Neal ◽  
Mary Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
English Language ◽  
Diversity Training ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Status ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a diversity training exercise using perspective taking to increase positive attitudes toward non-English-speaking individuals. Ninety-six participants were given a pretest (survey) followed by the training and a posttest. Participants were randomly assigned as a “manager” or an “employee.” The managers were provided with a recipe and instructions in English, and the managers’ employees provided with the recipe and instruction in an abstract, non-English language. The results of a repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of perspective-taking training on attitudes toward non-English speakers, such that attitudes were more positive posttraining than pretraining. The effect of the training on the attitudes toward non-English-speaking individuals was moderated by the status role (i.e., manager or employee). In addition, participants’ empathy mediated the relationship between the perspective-taking training and attitudes, such that perspective taking induced empathy, resulting in more positive attitudes.

scholarly journals Devices of comic in the work of the 20th century English-speaking Ugandan poets

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Natal'ya S. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
East African ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Poetry of the Ugandans are analysed in an article in the context of the use of devices of comic in the East African English-language poetry. The critical-realistic and enlightener tendencies that were eagerly apprehended by most East African authors in the 1960s have not allowed them going beyond the direct criticism of damning poetry to this day as well, although point-by-point attempts to use humour and satire when contemplating socio-political issues, do occur throughout the sixty-year existence of East Africa English-language poetry. The dilogy by Okot p’Bitek, Timothy Wangusa and Taban Lo Liyong are clear examples of such attempts made in Uganda literature. At the same time, the three authors use fundamentally different techniques of comic, when portraying modern reality, both purely African and universal human.

The Speech-Language Assessment of English Language Learning Students: A Non-Standardized Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kraemer ◽  
Allison Coltisor ◽  
Meesha Kalra ◽  
Megan Martinez ◽  
Bailey Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
English Speaking

English language learning (ELL) children suspected of having specific-language impairment (SLI) should be assessed using the same methods as monolingual English-speaking children born and raised in the United States. In an effort to reduce over- and under-identification of ELL children as SLI, speech-language pathologists (SLP) must employ nonbiased assessment practices. This article presents several evidence-based, nonstandarized assessment practices SLPs can implement in place of standardized tools. As the number of ELL children SLPs come in contact with increases, the need for well-trained and knowledgeable SLPs grows. The goal of the authors is to present several well-establish, evidence-based assessment methods for assessing ELL children suspected of SLI.

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