RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM AND STATE OF RAT BRAIN NEURONS IN CEREBRAL FORM OF ACUTE RADIATION DISEASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Сергей Валентинович Шашлов ◽  
Александр Алексеевич Шевченко ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Рабкина ◽  
Галина Анатольевна Пузырева
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
First Case ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Экспериментально, используя биохимические, гистологические и гистохимические методики, установлено, что ранний период развития церебральной формы острой лучевой болезни в головном мозге животных не наблюдается грубых изменений, несовместимых с жизнью. Выявленные патологические сдвиги носят обратимый характер в течение приблизительно 3 часов после облучения. Грубые необратимые изменения со стороны нервных клеток головного мозга крыс при облучении их в дозе 300 Грей наступают спустя 3 часа после окончания воздействия. Сравнительная характеристика активности ренин-ангиотензивной системы у крыс без выраженных неврологических расстройств и с наличием таковой, позволяет заключить, что её достоверное повышение в первом случае направлено на компенсацию сдвигов водно-электролитного баланса и, наоборот, снижение во втором во многом предопределяет развитие глубоких его нарушений. Состояние водного обмена у крыс до облучения позволяет прогнозировать тяжесть заболевания и продолжительность жизни животного при названных параметрах лучевого воздействия. Немаловажную роль в развитии патологии нейроцитов по типу отёк-набухание играют сдвиги со стороны водно-электролитного обмена и глюкозы крови, которые, в свою очередь, зависят от активности ренин-ангиотензиновой системы почек и островков Лангерганса поджелудочной железы Experimentally, using biochemical, histological and histochemical methods, it was found that the early period of the development of the cerebral form of acute radiation sickness in the brain of animals does not show gross changes incompatible with life. The detected pathological changes are reversible within approximately 3 hours after irradiation. Gross irreversible changes on the part of the nerve cells of the rat brain when they are irradiated at a dose of 300 Gy occur 3 hours after the end of exposure. Comparative characteristics of the activity of the renin-angiotensive system in rats without pronounced neurological disorders and with the presence of such, allows us to conclude that its significant increase in the first case is aimed at compensating for shifts in the water-electrolyte balance, and, conversely, a decrease in the second largely determines the development of its deep violations. The state of water metabolism in rats before irradiation allows us to predict the severity of the disease and the life expectancy of the animal with these parameters of radiation exposure. An important role in the development of neurocyte pathology by the type of edema-swelling is played by shifts in water-electrolyte metabolism and blood glucose, which, in turn, depend on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system of the kidneys and the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and renin-angiotensin system: a complex interplay at local and systemic levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Jaworska ◽  
Mateusz Koper ◽  
Marcin Ufnal
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
System A ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
The One

Gut microbiota is a potent biological modulator of many physiological and pathological states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including the local gastrointestinal RAS (GI RAS), emerges as a potential mediator of microbiota-related effects. The RAS is involved in cardiovascular system homeostasis, water-electrolyte balance, intestinal absorption, glycemic control, inflammation, carcinogenesis and aging-related processes. Ample evidence suggests a bidirectional interaction between the microbiome and RAS. On the one hand, gut bacteria and their metabolites may modulate GI and systemic RAS. On the other hand, changes in the intestinal habitat caused by alterations in RAS may shape microbiota metabolic activity and composition. Notably, the pharmacodynamic effects of the RAS-targeted therapies may be in part mediated by the intestinal RAS and changes in the microbiome. This review summarizes studies on gut microbiota and RAS physiology. Expanding the research on this topic may lay a foundation for new therapeutic paradigms in gastrointestinal diseases and multiple systemic disorders.

Inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system prevents seizures in a rat model of epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia G.A.G. Pereira ◽  
Christiane Becari ◽  
José A.C. Oliveira ◽  
Maria Cristina O. Salgado ◽  
Norberto Garcia-Cairasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The RAS (renin–angiotensin system) is classically involved in BP (blood pressure) regulation and water–electrolyte balance, and in the central nervous system it has been mostly associated with homoeostatic processes, such as thirst, hormone secretion and thermoregulation. Epilepsies are chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures that affect 1–3% of the world's population, and the most commonly used anticonvulsants are described to be effective in approx. 70% of the population with this neurological alteration. Using a rat model of epilepsy, we found that components of the RAS, namely ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) and the AT1 receptor (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) are up-regulated in the brain (2.6- and 8.2-fold respectively) following repetitive seizures. Subsequently, epileptic animals were treated with clinically used doses of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, and losartan, an AT1 receptor blocker, leading to a significant decrease in seizure severities. These results suggest that centrally acting drugs that target the RAS deserve further investigation as possible anticonvulsant agents and may represent an additional strategy in the management of epileptic patients.

scholarly journals The Renin-Angiotensin System: A Key Role in SARS-CoV-2- Induced COVID-19

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6945
Author(s):  
George El-Arif ◽  
Antonella Farhat ◽  
Shaymaa Khazaal ◽  
Cédric Annweiler ◽  
Hervé Kovacic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Eastern Asia (Wuhan, China) in December 2019. The virus then spread to Europe and across all continents where it has led to higher mortality and morbidity, and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Recently, different vaccines have been produced and seem to be more or less effective in protecting from COVID-19. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), an essential enzymatic cascade involved in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance, is involved in the pathogenicity of COVID-19, since the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) acts as the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in many human tissues and organs. In fact, the viral entrance promotes a downregulation of ACE2 followed by RAS balance dysregulation and an overactivation of the angiotensin II (Ang II)–angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis, which is characterized by a strong vasoconstriction and the induction of the profibrotic, proapoptotic and proinflammatory signalizations in the lungs and other organs. This mechanism features a massive cytokine storm, hypercoagulation, an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent multiple organ damage. While all individuals are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, the disease outcome and severity differ among people and countries and depend on a dual interaction between the virus and the affected host. Many studies have already pointed out the importance of host genetic polymorphisms (especially in the RAS) as well as other related factors such age, gender, lifestyle and habits and underlying pathologies or comorbidities (diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) that could render individuals at higher risk of infection and pathogenicity. In this review, we explore the correlation between all these risk factors as well as how and why they could account for severe post-COVID-19 complications.

scholarly journals Is there a role of the local tissue RAS in the regulation of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions in the reproductive tract?

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwentner ◽  
Achim Wöckel ◽  
Daniel Herr ◽  
Christine Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Local Tissue ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Regulatory Functions

The renin–angiotensin system is well known as a systemic endocrine pathway that regulates blood pressure and salt–water metabolism. In addition to the systemic renin–angiotensin system there is evidence in different species for the presence of a local tissue renin–angiotensin system, which allows local production of the bioactive peptides angiotensin II and angiotensin (1-7). The local renin–angiotensin system has been found in a variety of tissues including tissue of the human reproductive tract. Thus, it was suspected that it may have important functions in the local hormonal microenvironment. Here, a systematic literature search was undertaken to review whether there is evidence for regulatory functions of the local tissue renin–angiotensin system in the human reproductive tract under physiological and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Local Renin Angiotensin System in the Common Types of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moudhi Almutlaq ◽  
Abir Abdullah Alamro ◽  
Hassan S. Alamri ◽  
Amani Ahmed Alghamdi ◽  
Tlili Barhoumi
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Hormonal System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Review Current

The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is a hormonal system that is responsible for blood pressure hemostasis and electrolyte balance. It is implicated in cancer hallmarks because it is expressed locally in almost all of the body’s tissues. In this review, current knowledge on the effect of local RAS in the common types of cancer such as breast, lung, liver, prostate and skin cancer is summarised. The mechanisms by which RAS components could increase or decrease cancer activity are also discussed. In addition to the former, this review explores how the administration of AT1R blockers and ACE inhibitors drugs intervene with cancer therapy and contribute to the outcomes of cancer.

The renin-angiotensin system in the rat brain

1988 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -P. Richoux ◽  
J. Bouhnik ◽  
E. Clauser ◽  
P. Corvol
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Water metabolism dysfunction via renin-angiotensin system activation caused by liver damage in mice treated with microcystin-RR

2017 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhong ◽  
Feng Sun ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Wenqing Xiao ◽  
Xiaoni Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
System Activation

scholarly journals An Update on the Tissue Renin Angiotensin System and Its Role in Physiology and Pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nehme ◽  
Fouad A. Zouein ◽  
Zeinab Deris Zayeri ◽  
Kazem Zibara
Keyword(s):  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Classical View ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Pathological Conditions

In its classical view, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) was defined as an endocrinesystem involved in blood pressure regulation and body electrolyte balance. However, the emergingconcept of tissue RAS, along with the discovery of new RAS components, increased thephysiological and clinical relevance of the system. Indeed, RAS has been shown to be expressed invarious tissues where alterations in its expression were shown to be involved in multiple diseasesincluding atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and renal fibrosis. In thischapter, we describe the new components of RAS, their tissue-specific expression, and theiralterations under pathological conditions, which will help achieve more tissue- and conditionspecifictreatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document