scholarly journals Rapid Internet of Things (IoT) prototype for accurate people counting towards energy efficient buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Huang ◽  
Kane Rodriguez ◽  
Nicholas Whetstone ◽  
Steven Habel
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Thermal Zone ◽  
Door Frame ◽  
The Impact

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, a significant portion of energy used in buildings is wasted. If the occupancy quantity in a pre-determined thermal zone is aware, a building automation system (BAS) is able to intelligently adjust the building operation to provide “just-enough” heating, cooling, and ventilation capacities to building users. Therefore, an occupancy counting device that can be widely deployed at low prices with low failure rate, small form-factor, good usability, and conserved user privacy is highly desirable. Existing occupancy detection or recognition sensors (e.g., passive infrared, camera, acoustic, RFID, CO2) cannot meet all these above system requirements. In this work, we present an IoT (Internet of Things) prototype that collects room occupancy information to assist in the operation of energy-efficient buildings. The proposed IoT prototype consists of Lattice iCE40-HX1K stick FPGA boards and Raspberry Pi modules. Two pairs of our prototypes are installed at a door frame. When a person walks through this door frame, blocking of active infrared streams between both pairs of IoT prototypes is detected. The direction of human movement is obtained through comparing occurrence time instances of two obstructive events. Thus, the change in occupancy quantity of a thermal zone is calculated and updated. Besides, an open-source application user interface is developed to allow anonymous users or building automation systems to easily acquire room occupancy information. We carry out a three-month random test of human entry and exit of a thermal zone, and find that the occupancy counting accuracy is 97%. The proposed design is completely made of off-the-shelf electronic components and the estimated cost is less than $160. To investigate the impact on building energy savings, we conduct a building energy simulation using EnergyPlus and find the payback period is approximately 4 months. In summary, the proposed design is miniature, non-intrusive, ease of use, low failure rate, and cost-effective for smart buildings.

scholarly journals Architecture For Automation System Metrics Collection, Visualization and Data Engineering – HAMK Sheet Metal Center Building Automation Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 561-570
Author(s):  
Khoa Dang ◽  
Igor Trotskii
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Integration Data

AbstractEver growing building energy consumption requires advanced automation and monitoring solutions in order to improve building energy efficiency. Furthermore, aggregation of building automation data, similarly to industrial scenarios allows for condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of the Heating, Ventilations and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. For existing buildings, the commissioned SCADA solutions provide historical trends, alarms management and setpoint curve adjustments, which are essential features for facility management personnel. The development in Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, as well as software microservices enables higher system integration, data analytics and rich visualization to be integrated into the existing infrastructure. This paper presents the implementation of a technology stack, which can be used as a framework for improving existing and new building automation systems by increasing interconnection and integrating data analytics solutions. The implementation solution is realized and evaluated for a nearly zero energy building, as a case study.

scholarly journals A Smart Home System based on Microcontroller using Android Application and MySQL Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
Ömer Gül ◽  
Uğur Bayrak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Intelligent Building ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Remote Server ◽  
Building Automation System

In recent years, people may disremember to turn off various devices or not be sure open or closed. Predefined scenarios for these people, home comfort and efficiency in the workplace will help a lot. Most people spend time with mobile phones throughout the day. Therefore, the control of smart devices by phones would be an appropriate solution. In this study, it is designed with microcontroller based intelligent building automation system hardware and software to provide energy efficient, security and comfort. The programming of the microcontroller, writing the android application program for the mobile phone and MySQL database software were realized. Microcontroller with GSM shield, it is possible to control the devices connected to the system by an android application automatically and manually by means of the internet connection by the MySQL database on the remote server. It is ensured that all devices are adjusted with a single touch according to predefined scenarios.

scholarly journals The Discrepancy between As-Built and As-Designed in Energy Efficient Buildings: A Rapid Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6372
Author(s):  
Christine Eon ◽  
Jessica K. Breadsell ◽  
Joshua Byrne ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Building Standards

Energy efficient buildings are viewed as one of the solutions to reduce carbon emissions from the built environment. However, studies worldwide indicate that there is a significant gap between building energy targets (as-designed) and the actual measured building energy consumption (as-built). Several underlying causes for the energy performance gap have been identified at all stages of the building life cycle. Focus is generally on the post-occupancy stage of the building life cycle. However, issues relating to the construction and commissioning stages of the building are a major concern, though not usually researched. There is uncertainty on how to address the as-designed versus as-built gap. The objective of this review article is to identify causes for the energy performance gap in buildings in relation to the post-design and pre-occupancy stages and review proposed solutions. The methodology applied in this research is the rapid review, which is a variant of the systematic literature review method. Findings suggest that causes for discrepancies between as-designed and as-built energy performance during the construction and commissioning stages relate to a lack of knowledge and skills, lack of communication between stakeholders and a lack of accountability for building performance post-occupancy. Recommendations to close this gap during this period include better training, improved communication standards, collaboration, energy evaluations based on post-occupancy performance, transparency of building performance, improved testing and verification and reviewed building standards.

Application of Building Automation System in Building Energy Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
De Xin Zong ◽  
Zhao Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Building Automation System

Building automation is the inevitable product of information age and the modern society, and it is the perfect combination of modern high-tech and building. Making the equipments in the building running automatically in optimal state, building automation system can reduce energy consumption maximally while providing a comfortable environment conditions. This paper makes an energy saving analysis of each important component of building automation system, and establishes a typical office building model, simulating how building automatic system can influence building energy efficiency in four level cases. It hopes to provide some reference for the application of building automation system in building energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Creativity in Sustainable Redesign for Existing Buildings by Using Green Architecture as a Contemporary Trend

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Faysal Mahmoud Abu Alazm ◽  
Asmaa Soliman Mansour El-khalidi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Green Architecture ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
The Impact

With rapid climate changes in recent years, it has become important as it is necessary to think about a new concept of architecture that respects and considers the environment. To counter these changes, the concept of environmental and green architecture starters' theory has appeared as one of the applications of creative solutions in buildings. Architects then began turning it from a theoretical study on the method of the design of buildings and making them environment-friendly by reducing the consumption of resources to run the building and reduce damage to the environment due to Alanbosat and waste resulting from construction work. Environmental and green architecture does not just reduce the impact on the environment but also supports energy-efficient buildings, which achieves self- sufficiency within the building. It also provides energy production and exploits the optimal way efficiently and with equanimity. This paper aims to: - Highlight the importance of green architecture and sustainability in shape. - Reach a methodology to convert existing buildings into green buildings.

Evaluation of Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) Systems Based on Building Energy-Rating

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fumo ◽  
P. J. Mago ◽  
L. M. Chamra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Star ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings

Cooling, Heating and Power (CHP) systems are a form of distributed generation that uses internal combustion prime-power engines to generate electricity while recovering heat for other uses. CHP is a promising technology for increasing energy efficiency through the use of distributed electric and thermal energy recovery-delivery systems at or near end-user sites. Although this technology seems to be economically feasible, the evaluation and comparison of CHP systems cannot be restricted to economical considerations only. Standard economic analysis, such as life cycle economic analysis, does not take in consideration all the benefits that can be obtained from this technology. For this reason, several aspects to perform a non-conventional evaluation of CHP systems have to be considered. Among the aspects to be included in a non-conventional evaluation are: power reliability, power quality, environmental quality, energy-efficient buildings, fuel source flexibility, brand and marketing benefits, protection from electric rate hikes, and benefits from promoting energy management practices. Some benefits of these non-economical evaluations can be transferred into an economic evaluation but others give intangible potential to the technology. This paper focus on a non-conventional evaluation based on energy-efficient buildings, which is associated to energy conservation and improvement of the building energy performance rating for government energy programs like Energy Star and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Results show that the use of CHP systems could improve the Energy Star Rating in more than 50 points. The Energy Star Rating is significant on the LEED Rating as a building can score up to 10 points of the 23 available in the Energy & Atmosphere category on energy efficiency alone. As much as 8 points can be obtained in this category due to the Energy Star rating increment from the use of CHP systems. Clearly the use of CHP systems will help building owners to reach the benefits from these energy programs while improving the overall energy use and energy cost.

The Influence of Construction Fillings of Building on Airtightness

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kraus ◽  
Darja Kubečková
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Formation Of Cracks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Increase Energy Consumption

Construction fillings of buildings such as windows, doors or gates are very often the cause of the increased energy balance of buildings. Especially for energy efficient buildings are windows and doors the weakest parts of the building. Low quality connection of filling construction to a building structure leads to undesirable air leakage, formation of cracks and joints. Joints and gaps reduce the airtightness of buildings, increase energy consumption and reduce the operating efficiency of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery system. The main objective of contribution is to describe and analyze the impact and solution to fillings of buildings on airtightness of energy-efficient buildings.

scholarly journals BIM application for analyzing impacts of construction parameters on energy use and energy costs in buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Tri Ngo ◽  
Ngo Dinh Khoa Lam ◽  
Bui Minh Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Hang ◽  
Tang Thu Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Building Parameters

Energy-saving solutions in buildings in Vietnam are a great concern for sustainable development nowadays. However, energy-efficient and cost-saving designs based on the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and building energy analysis are still limited. This study aims to provide energy-efficient and cost-saving designs for buildings by performing the cloud-based building energy simulation. Particularly, the analysis of the impact of changing building parameters on energy consumption and energy cost was performed in this study. Considered building parameters includes building orientation, wall construction, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), lighting efficiency, daylighting and occupancy controls, and, heating ventilation, and air conditioning system. The findings of the study can facilitate building designers, building owners or investors can obtain the best solution for designing the buildings. The first contribution of the study, to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of the building parameters of energy cost and energy consumption. The second contribution is to contribute to the domain knowledge promotion of the digital transformation in the construction industry.

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