A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS, GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS SITUATED IN URBAN & RURAL AREAS OF HARYANA IN THE SECONDARY EXAMINATIONS CONDUCTED BY THE BOARD OF SCHOOL EDUCATION HARYANA IN 2020.

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Balkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Education ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Poor Students ◽  
Exam Preparation ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exam Result

The capability or calibre cannot be judged based on Results, as it depends on the student to student & also the examination is testing of knowledge of a student, for the whole year in two or three hours. In July 2020 the exam result of the secondary standard was declared by the Board of School Education Haryana, Bhiwani and there is a discussion about topper & the schools in which these toppers were studying & strategy of these toppers regarding exam preparation, their interviews & photos were published in the Newspapers, why not? It must be but in this spark light, there is some darkness behind this. Everyone is congratulating these students, as they are studied from the Private Schools of the Urban City areas of the Haryana, a few are from the most educated families, whose parents their selves are teachers or professors. Through this, we are ignoring a bitter truth of the poor students of the Government Schools, who despite lack of all the big & small facilities, as compare of these Private schools’ performed equal to these toppers. KEYWORDS: Testing of knowledge, Education in Private Schools, Toppers and Calibre.

Hierarchies of Access in Schooling: An Exploration of Parental School Choice in Haryana

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Narwana
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Sharp Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parental Schooling ◽  
The Village

The parental schooling choice in India has tilted in favour of private schools in a big way and preference for English medium has been highlighted as the main driving force behind this trend. This article analyses the school choice where both private as well as government schools offer education in English and Hindi medium. Based on the primary field survey and secondary data analysis, the article argues that the introduction of English medium in government schools has impacted the village school market significantly as it has led to the closure of three out of four private schools. However, we found that the availability of English medium school is not the sole determinant of school choice. A sharp difference in the profile of students enrolled in the government-run Hindi and English medium schools suggest that caste, gender and economic status also play a significant role in school choice.

State, Market and Social Inequalities: A Study of Primary Education in the Indian Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-216
Author(s):  
Angrej Singh Gill
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
School Education ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Education Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender

The article, using the National Sample Survey (henceforth NSS) data, establishes that the non-state providers, particularly the private-unaided sub-sector, have predominantly captured the primary school education market in Punjab. The predominance of these schools in the state has made the primary education a tradable commodity, catering to the demands based on the ability of the households to pay. In such a situation, the type of school (government or private) the households in the state are able to choose for their wards, particularly at rural level, is largely contingent on their caste and gender, which clearly shows that a new form of social inequality has emerged in Punjab (given not only that the learning environment in the government schools is perceived to be of formidable concern, but these schools are also non-English medium). The article suggests that without a properly functional state-financed school education system, the market forces will continue to strengthen the prevailing social inequalities.

scholarly journals Why Patients with Chronic Disease Keep Silent? Analysis of Item Nonresponse in Rural China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqing MAO ◽  
Zhanchun FENG ◽  
Shangfeng TANG ◽  
Tailai WU ◽  
Ruoxi WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Rural China ◽  
School Education ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Item Nonresponse ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of item nonresponse and examine the factors affecting the refusal or failure to respond of patients with chronic disease in rural China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey data from patients with chronic disease from rural China were analyzed. A total of 1,099 patients were enrolled. Chi-square test and cumulative logistic regression determined the predictors of having item nonresponse. Results: The respondents in central provinces (OR = 2.311, 95%CI = 0.532~1.144, P < 0.001) with over eight household members (OR = 0.067, 95%CI = -1.632~-0.349, P = 0.002), multiple chronic diseases (OR = 0.301, 95%CI = -1.673~-0.727, P < 0.001), and low health knowledge level (OR = 2.112, 95%CI = 0.405~1.090, P < 0.001) had more item nonresponse numbers. Compared with the participants with high school education level and above, the item nonresponse number seemed to increase when the participants were illiterate (OR = 2.159, 95%CI = 0.254~1.285, P = 0.003), had primary school education (OR = 2.161, 95%CI = 0.249~1.294, P = 0.004) and junior school education (OR = 2.070, 95%CI = 0.160~1.296, P = 0.012). Conclusion: This study indicates the influencing factors of the item nonresponse in survey of patients with chronic disease in rural China. This study contributes to investigation practice and highlights that health institutions should improve the quality of follow-up services. Moreover, the government should pay more attention to the care of vulnerable groups, especially patients with chronic disease in rural areas.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of obesity and overweight among adolescents in schools in district Ghaziabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3177
Author(s):  
Susmita Thakur ◽  
Narendra Singh ◽  
Mitasha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Government

Background: Developing countries are experiencing an epidemic of obesity and overweight. Adolescence is the stage when the lifestyle behavior sets in and decides the future pattern of health. The objective was to study the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among school going adolescents of district Ghaziabad.Methods: A school based cross sectional survey was conducted in district Ghaziabad. Adolescents (10-19 years) from both urban and rural government and private schools were included. Multistage sampling technique was used to study 1128 study population. Anthropometry and a structured questionnaire were used as study tool.Results: In urban area, the proportion of underweight students in government schools (20.9%) was significantly more than the private school (13.8%) whereas the number of overweight students in private school (18.2%) was significantly more than the government schools (10.3%). In rural area underweight students in government school (30.5%) was significantly more than the private school (21.3%) whereas the number of overweight students in private school (11.3%) was significantly more than the government school (3.2%). Obesity was significantly associated with the area of residence, type of school, consumption of carbonated drinks, fast foods and decreased physical activity.Conclusions: An overall higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in urban areas and increasing trend in rural areas too alarm us to focus on the modifiable risk factors. 

scholarly journals Strengthening Urban-Rural Resource Flow through Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) Approach in Nagpur, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8663
Author(s):  
Kamakshi Thapa ◽  
Vibhas Sukhwani ◽  
Sameer Deshkar ◽  
Rajib Shaw ◽  
Bijon Kumer Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Home Interview ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Urban and rural areas within a regional space are closely linked through a variety of linkages including the flow of people. The increasing pace of development transformations with discrete planning of urban and rural areas has raised serious concerns for achieving coordinated development at the regional level. In that regard, the concept of Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) has recently been introduced by the Government of Japan to localize the flow of resources between urban and rural areas. To understand the applicability of the R-CES approach, this study aims to visualize the flow of people within a defined cluster of Nagpur Metropolitan Area (NMA) in India. A “home interview method” Origin-Destination survey was adopted to analyze the flow patterns of people and their key purposes. Based on the collected information, flows of people were represented using a desire line diagram in ArcGIS 10.4.1. The study results revealed that the maximum flow of the rural and forest population is directed towards nearby or distant urban settlements to avail the higher-order urban services. Based on the key R-CES principles of a low-carbon society, circular economy, and harmony with nature, the authors suggest feasible directions for localizing the urban–rural flow of people in NMA.

Private Initiatives in School Reform in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Disha Nawani ◽  
Shinjini Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
School Education ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Government School ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

School education in independent India was recognized as an important priority for state support, as it was neglected under the colonial regime. However, due to perceived financial challenges, it was placed in the newly (1950) drafted Constitution under Directive Principles of State Policy, which were nonjusticiable. Although the state provided for school education for the majority of Indian children, there remained several limitations in terms of access, equity, and equality for children belonging to disadvantaged communities. As a result, in India, the private sector, both for profit and nonprofit, played an important role in providing educational access to children. Between 1950 and the 1990s, the government school system struggled, and several learning surveys reported poor learning of school children, especially those studying in government schools. Concurrently, the private sector spread its influence and work in spaces not just for the rich but for the poor as well, and profit became a legitimate central concern. In the mid-1990s, the state initiated a rather aggressive policy of structural economic reform, leading to liberalization, privatization, and globalization. All this was justified in a neoliberal environment where the state started to withdraw from social sectors like health and education, on one hand, and private sector participation was hailed, on the other, in the name of efficiency, accountability, and performance. Public–private partnership became the new buzzword justifying any kind of relationship between the state and private actors.

scholarly journals A Study on the Factors Affecting China’s Direct Household Carbon Emission and Comparison of Regional Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Fan ◽  
Aobo Ran ◽  
Xiaomeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has been attracting attention. In the global carbon emission structure, the proportion of household carbon emissions continues to increase, and it is necessary to focus on the issue of household emissions. Based on the perspective of the family sector and the comparison of urban–rural and interprovincial differences, this study makes a thorough and systematic analysis of the factors affecting direct household carbon emissions. The average carbon emission of urban households is higher than that of rural households. Both personal background and household energy consumption facility use have important impacts on household carbon emissions, and the degree of impact varies between urban and rural areas and between provinces. Reducing household carbon emissions and achieving a harmonious coexistence between man and nature are the common goals of the government and society. The government should explore the model of green sustainable development on the basis of ensuring the energy needs of residents. Residents should also further establish a low-carbon life concept and focus on the cultivation of low-carbon lifestyles.

scholarly journals Well-being in urban and rural areas, challenges, general policies, and their monitoring. Some evidence for Germany before and during the COVID-19 pandemic1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Susanne Schnorr-Baecker
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Information ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Major changes in society, the economy, the natural environment and the government haven taken place. The current pandemic demonstrates even more their social importance and positive or negative effects worldwide. In particular, an increasingly cross-generational awareness of sustainability, new information and communication channels and growing international interdependencies as well as comprehensive policies fostering well-being are gaining worldwide importance and pervade all activities. Germany has – as many nations worldwide – besides its national strategies committed to implement major strategies at United Nations’ and European Union’s levels. In the following, it will be examined which differences exist in the living conditions from a spatial point of view. Using selected indicators and current data mainly from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, an urban-rural comparison is made for Germany at the lowest federal level ‘Kreise’ (NUTS 3 of the European spatial classification). Even if it is still unclear what the long-term consequences of the drastic measures of the current global COVID-19 pandemic will be, current trends will be briefly presented. Furthermore, this study presents the latest data mainly before the worldwide outbreak of the pandemic and thus will offer starting points for later analysis of opportunities and risks for urban or rural areas post COVID-19.

scholarly journals Earthquake Preparedness in Schools of Islamabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Nadia Tariq ◽  
Tamkeen Nishat Jaffry ◽  
Sadaf Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Preparedness Plan ◽  
Earthquake Preparedness ◽  
Response Planning

Background: Pakistan is located in the Himalayan region, which has the highest vulnerability to earthquakes. The Islamabad-Rawalpindi area lies in a tectonically active zone, where earthquakes have been frequent in the recent geological past. Earthquake preparedness in schools is relatively under studied area in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to determine the level of preparedness of schools for earthquakes and to compare it between urban and rural, government and private schools in Islamabad Capital Territory. Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative study. The study population was schools of Islamabad Capital Territory. The total sample size was 74 and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used.  Data was collected through a structured questionnaire pretested on 5% of the sample size and respondents were administrative staff of schools. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Data of the categorical variables was presented in the form of frequencies (percentages). Statistical significance of association between school profile and level of preparedness was determined by using bivariate tabular association analysis (Chi square). Results: Out of 74 schools, 61 were private and 14 were government schools. 46 schools were located in urban areas while 28 were in rural area of Islamabad Capital Territory. Out of the total schools, 66.2% had written preparedness plan for earthquake and 73% of the schools had a safety committee to lead disaster response planning.  Most of the schools (82.4%) had minimum of two exits in high occupancy rooms. There was significant association of location of school with preparedness plan for earthquake (p=0.009), and type of school with two evacuation drills annually (p=0.03). Conclusion: Private schools and those located in urban areas are better prepared for earthquakes as compared to government schools and the ones located in rural areas.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Student Achievement in Government and Private Schools in Pakistan

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4II) ◽  
pp. 841-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monazza Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Equity Issue ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Private Schooling ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban Elite ◽  
Set Up

This study is driven by some fundamental issues evolving in Pakistan’s educational set-up. In the past few decades, the country has been experiencing what can only be termed a dramatic revolution in education provision. There has been an explosion of private schooling mostly at the primary but at higher levels as well and, somewhat surprisingly, private schooling cannot be relegated the status of an urban èlite phenomenon alone [Andrabi, et al. (2002)]. This has taken the form of many poor households and those in rural areas opting to send their children to fee-paying private schools rather than the non-fee charging government schools. This transformation of the education sector has generated many concerns among which the ‘equity’ issue has been raised to the fore. The unprecedented growth of cheap private schooling has also raised questions regarding the role of these institutions in the delivery of education, the question of parental ‘choice’1 as well as the future of government educational policy.

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