COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS: APPROACH OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 234-236
Author(s):  
Fidan Dilqem Hajizade ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Monitoring Mechanism ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
International Trafficking

The 2005 Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings is open for signature not only by Member States of the Council of Europe, but also non-members of the Council of Europe. This Convention is comprehensive treaty mainly focused on the protection of victims of trafficking in human beings and ensure of their rights. It also aims at preventing human trafficking as well as prosecuting perpetrators. The provisions of this Convention are applied to all forms of trafficking: both national and international trafficking and whether or not it is related to organized crime. The Convention protects the rights of women, men and children who have been subjected to any form of exploitation (sexual exploitation, forced labor, services, etc.). Moreover, the Convention provides an independent monitoring mechanism to control the implementation of the provisions of the Convention. Key words: Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, Council of Europe, GRETA, exploitation, implementation, victims of human trafficking

scholarly journals Human Trafficking – Between Punishable Human Rights Violations and Decriminalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-292
Author(s):  
Anja Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
Opposite Tendency

The necessity of combating human trafficking is often justified by the violation of human rights of the victims of human trafficking. Criticism has, however, repeatedly been voiced that the victim-centred, human rights-based approach has not been consistently applied - because, in reality, state interests in effectively combating (organized) crime and securing borders against illegal migration take precedence. An opposite tendency criticizes the criminalization of human traffic on the grounds that human rights are not violated in every case within the definition of human trafficking, and criminalization is inappropriate in such cases. Furthermore, various parties point out that there is little empirical data on trafficking in human beings, and the available data is unreliable. This contribution aims to provide an overview of these issues and argue in favour of a nuanced examination of phenomena covered by the legal definition of human trafficking.

Protecting Victims of Human Trafficking from Liability: An Evaluation of Section 45 of the Modern Slavery Act

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-405
Author(s):  
Julia Muraszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
European Regional

The evolution of protective measures offered to victims of human trafficking at a European regional level has begun to have an impact at a national level. In this article, the author explores a provision intended to guard victims of human trafficking, who have been compelled to commit crimes, against prosecution and punishment. The provision under scrutiny is the statutory defence found in s 45 of the Modern Slavery Act, 2015 (England and Wales). The article draws on the obligations spelt out in regional law (the 2005 Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings and Directive 2011/36 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims) and asks if England and Wales fulfil their duties with respect to protecting trafficked persons from being prosecuted and punished.

scholarly journals Possibilities of collecting evidences about crime act of sexual exploitation in human beings

Temida ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Sasa Mijalkovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sex Tourism ◽  
High Level

Collecting evidences about organized crime act of sexual exploitation in human begins often is very difficult because of high level of organization, secrecy ant precaution taken during committing prostitution, pornography, sex tourism and human trafficking. On the other side, high illegal profit enable criminals to engage "expensive" and experienced lawyers, whose often make values and reliability of collected evidences questionable, appealing to irregularities during police collecting procedure. Among traditional criminalities methods and proofing activities, in the study, modern tendencies in special investigative measures and techniques are considered. After that, there is pointing at specificity, meaning and value of material tracks and objects, which are essential for proofing crime act or perpetrator?s guiltiness. On the end, there is pointing at importance of victims? cooperation in collecting evidences about their sexual exploitation.

scholarly journals The Role of Local Authorities in Addressing Human Trafficking

2009 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Kathryn Rossiter ◽  
Jo Benfield
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
National Governments

Worldwide, it is estimated that nearly 4 million people fall victim to people traffickers every year. Trafficking is carried out mainly by Organised Criminal Networks and the victims are forced into prostitution, illegal labour, domestic slavery and petty crime.On 1 April 2009, the United Kingdom signed up to the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. The Convention, which has to date been ratified by 20 European countries, is legally binding and aims to promote and protect the rights of victims who have been tricked or forced into leaving their homes, moved to another country, or within their own country, and then exploited. Whilst it is national governments who are signatories to the Council of Europe Convention, local authorities have a key role to play in its successful implementation.

scholarly journals EU Directive on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting victims: Will it be effective?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (64) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarsyna Gromek- Broc
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
The Eu

In recent years, tackling effectively human trafficking has become priority for the EU legislator. The Directive on this subject was adopted on the 5th o April 2011. It is designed to provide the powerful measures to prevent crime, to protect victims and to punish the offenders. It also promises to offer more interaction among different platforms and international instruments at the European and International level: the EU, the Council of Europe, the UN and the ILO.

Human Trafficking: Exploiting Labor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noël Busch-Armendariz ◽  
Maura Nsonwu ◽  
Laurie Cook Heffron ◽  
Neely Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Labor Trafficking ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings

Human trafficking has become a major national and international problem, and while research suggests that trafficking in human beings for the purpose of cheap labor is higher than trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation, much less is understood about labor trafficking. This entry summarizes the current knowledge about labor trafficking including important definitions, describes ways in which people are exploited for labor, outlines related policies and laws, summarizes needs of survivors, and offers ways in which social workers are and can be involved in responding to this crime.

HUMAN TRAFFICKING, EXPLOITATION AND VIOLENCE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliia Kiziun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
The Impact

This article is devoted to the study of problematic issues related to combating trafficking in human beings, exploitation and violence, as one of the most dangerous and highly profitable forms of international organized crime. Considerable attention is paid to the impact and analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic and international anti-trafficking legislation. Suggestions and recommendations are made, based on the conclusions made, on the necessary measures to combat trafficking in human beings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BASIC PROSTITUTION ORGANIZATIONS TYPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2091-2100
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Hristo Bonev
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
System Management ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Sexual Services

This article outlines the three main prostitution organization types as well as hierarchical structures in criminal organizations dealing with human trafficking, prostitution and sexual exploitation. Several major categories of personages are directly involved in organized crime groups. The main indicators for assessing the prostitution prevention are defined and the principles for system management and management are justified. The three factors of prostitution management - psychological, social and financial - are outlined. An evaluation of the prostitution market has been carried out and the functions of the domestic and external markets for paid sex are described. The data provided gives us a reason to assume that the consumption of sexual services is increasing.

Trafficking in human beings in Spain: What do the data on detected victims tell us?

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082199733
Author(s):  
Carolina Villacampa ◽  
Mª Jesús Gómez ◽  
Clàudia Torres
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Research Period

Although trafficking in human beings was criminalized in Spain in 2010, data on this phenomenon are scarce and incomplete, consisting only of cases formally identified by police as having a very clear bias to trafficking for sexual exploitation. In an effort to increase empirical understanding, in 2019 we undertook quantitative research by gathering information on cases detected during 2017 and 2018. A questionnaire was distributed online to 757 stakeholders who could potentially have come across victims of trafficking. The 150 responses obtained provide valuable information about the number of victims, their profile, the dynamics of trafficking and the types of exploitation they suffered. The number of victims detected during the research period ( n = 7448) is far higher than those officially identified ( n = 458), which indicates that official cases may represent only the tip of the iceberg and point to the necessity of adopting measures to improve the identification system. Findings also show differences in victims’ profiles, victimization dynamics and forms of exploitation depending on the type of trafficking that could be taken into account when designing intervention and prevention programmes in this matter.

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