The political engagement of women in post-conflict Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Paulina Szeląg
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Female Presidents ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Central Level

The Republic of Kosovo was created several years after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Its problems were visible during Josip Broz Tito’s presidency. Over the last ten years Kosovo has had two female presidents. The question is, what is the position of women on the Kosovan political scene? This phenomenon is particularly significant from the point of view of the post-conflict reconstruction of the state. The aim of this article is to analyse the evolution of the role of Kosovo Albanian women in the politics of Kosovo at the central level. For this reason, the article includes women involved in the armed conflict in Kosovo, especially in the activities of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA, alb. Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës, UÇK). The author also presents the role of women in the Kosovan political arena since 1999, with particular emphasis on changes that took place after the declaration of independence of Kosovo. Furthermore, the author examines the profiles of selected female politicians. The article is based on an analysis of primary and secondary sources, the comparative and historical method, and an analysis of statistical data.

Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structural Point

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.

scholarly journals APPOINTMENT OF DIPLOMATIC HEAD AND STAFF ON IMIRGATION ATTACHES ABROAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Jayadi Al Amien
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Technical Staff ◽  
Representative Office ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Asian Government

As technology advances and it is easy for humans to move from one region to another, the flow of migration is getting faster and more intense. Of course, the role of the Asian government is very significant in terms of the entry and exit of people in the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia. In making it easier to carry out the Immigration function, it is necessary to establish Immigration representatives abroad, namely the Immigration Attaché and Immigration Technical Staff at the Representative Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Through normative research, the author aims to explain the duties and functions of the Immigration Attache and Immigration Technical Staff at the Indonesian Representative Office and their position as a representative of the Regional Office. The national interest of a country needs to have a relationship between countries in order to create social welfare. The researcher conveys the position of technical attaché and technical staff from an international legal point of view in order to place the duties and functions of the regional offices in the Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia Abroad.

The Law of Eurasian Economic Union: International Legal Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анатолий Капустин ◽  
Anatoliy Kapustin
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Law

The article discusses the main features of the Law of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) from the point of view of modern international law, its legal nature and place, and functions in the regulation of the Eurasian integration. The article investigates the importance of the Foundation agreement as the international legal basis of the Union and its legal system. The author conducts comparative law analysis of conceptual models of the integration law on the example of the European legal theories of the European Union and Latin American theories of law on regional economic integration. This article gives comprehensive international law characteristics of regulatory definitions and conceptual framework of the EAEU law. The author classifies contractual sources of the Union’s Law and reveals the relationship between them. The author shows the role of secondary sources of the Union’s Law — acts of intergovernmental bodies. The author does not only list the sources enumerated in the EAEU Treaty, but also makes a forecast about the role of other international law acts and norms in the development of the EAEU Law concept. The author draws the conclusion that the Union’s Law is of an international law nature.

scholarly journals Ethical and political dilemmas of local self-government in Poland in the course of systemic transformations (1990–2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Michał Kasiński
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Control Rights ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Election Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Government Reforms ◽  
And Control

The study presents critical reflections on the course and results of Polish local self-government reforms from March 1990, when after 40 years of the system of territorial soviets (national councils), self-government was reintroduced into communes, until January 2018, when an attempt to improve the systemic institutions of self-government in communes, poviats and voivodships was once again revisited. The author points out significant discrepancies between the basic ethical and political values of local self-government, i.e. democracy, independence and efficiency, and the changing content of self-government systemic laws as well as the practice of local authorities’ operations, and formulates proposals aimed at repairing Polish local self-government by adjusting its organisation and functioning to the principles resulting from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the European Charter of Local Self-Government. He considers as the most important the elimination of pathological phenomena of simulated local democracy which include: a drastically low turnout in elections and referenda, the disappearance of democratic responsibility of local self-government bodies, and the autonomy of the directly elected executive body of the commune from the influence of the local representation. From this point of view, he positively assesses the new regulations, strengthening the guarantee of transparency of operations carried out by local self-government bodies and control rights of councillors, as well as expanding the catalogue of initiative, consultative and control powers of citizens. He points out, however, that ensuring real democracy in of the local authorities requires a deeper reconstruction of the principles of self-government, the election process, and strengthening the role of representation in creating and enforcing the responsibility of executive bodies.

scholarly journals Analiza metodyki postępowania w procesach rekrutacji pracowników naukowych

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-345
Author(s):  
Waldemar Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of this article is to present a multifaceted analysis concerning methodology proceedin-gs in recruitment procedures for researchers. Theoretical considerations are complemented by concusions of an empirical study. The role of scientificinstitutions and values applicable in the scientificcommunity in light of popularized theories are analyzed first.Additionally, reference is made to the principles enshrined in the code of ethics of Poland’s National Research and Development Centre.Then are discussed recommended patterns of conduct which have been recorded in the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers, paying particu-lar attention to issues relating to openness and fairness of proceedings and equal treatment.The next part of the work discusses legal regulations applicable to the employment of academics at Polish universities. It looks closely into the differences that apply to employees at public and private universities, which can be considered from the point of view of legal provisions relating to the prin-ciple of equal treatment enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.The subsequent part of study is devoted to the conclusions of an empirical study covering the compe-tition proceedings relating to the employment of academic staff at public universities. The methodo-logy of the examination procedure is thoroughly explained and interim research questions concerning the specific issues and problems closely related to the analyzed subject are presented

scholarly journals Leadership Emergence in Post-Genocide Rwanda: The role of Women in Peacebuilding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
David Mwambari
Keyword(s):  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Leadership Emergence ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Different Levels

In the last two decades following the 1994 genocide, Rwanda has been praised internationally for its strong leadership and revamped governance structures. This has resulted in rapid economic development, restorative justice, homegrown peacebuilding approaches, the tackling of corruption, and restoring security in a country that some analysts had prematurely depicted a hopeless case in state failure. In particular, promotion of women’s rights has become a cornerstone of the Rwandan success story, but few scholars have examined the women who participated in this process and their positive contribution in rebuilding their communities. This article focuses on the role a small group of female leaders at different levels of society played in creating and fostering peacebuilding initiatives over the past two decades. It relies on secondary sources and the author’s observations of several processes in the Rwandan society for more than a decade. It focuses on constructive steps taken in Rwandan society to promote women’s leadership, which sets it apart from many other post-conflict countries while being aware of legitimate critiques of post-genocide Rwandan conditions.

scholarly journals THE CONFLICT AND POST-CONFLICT ISLAMIZATION OF CHECHNYA AS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHENOMENON

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-376
Author(s):  
Tatiana N. Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Islamic State ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Traditional Islam

The article is aimed to reveal the influence of religious factor on the conflict and post-conflict societal and political spheres of the Chechen Republic. The study is based on the retrospective and discourse analysis of central and republican newspapers, interviews and speeches of political leaders, publications of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Chechen Republic, materials of opposition and hostile Internet resources. The study identifies several phases of the Islamization of Chechnya: 1) an attempt to create an Islamic state during the struggle for sovereignty; 2) the choice of Akhmad Kadyrov in favor of loyalty to the federal center and adherence to traditional Islam in defiance of the Wahhabi project; 3) Wahhabism, which had not taken root in Chechnya, went into the cyber underground, and its supporters joined the “Global Jihad”; 4) today’s penetration of traditional Islam into social (school, family, gender relations) and political (local and regional administration, international relations) life of the republic. The restoration of the role of Islam as an important social, moral and political regulator demonstrates the possibility of new gaps between secular society and the political system of modern Russia and Chechnya as a part of the country.

The Transforming Role of Education in a Post-Conflict Region in Southeastern Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-310
Author(s):  
Ala Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sensitive Issues

This paper attempts to provide an insight into the transforming role of education in peace-building in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). The region has been witnessed ethnic conflict since the mid-1970s. However, the situation intensified with the government sponsored population transfer program (1979 onward), which not only changed the demographic profile, it forcibly displaced many indigenous people—who less than two decades earlier had already been displaced by the Kaptai hydroelectric project (in 1960s). Consequently, the indigenous people who were already in duress because of land scarcity caused by the dam and transmigration faced further survival problem in competition with the Bengali settlers. In this situation, the indigenous people resisted the influx of the Bengali settlers in the hills. In response to the resistance, the Bangladesh government deployed a huge number of military and other armed forces to foil the “insurgency”. In consequence, many incidents of massacre, attack and reprisal attack, killing, sexual violence, etc. took place, often committed by the armed forces and Bengali settlers. However, a couple of initiatives led to a long-awaited agreement in 1997, which formally ended the two and half-decade-long bloody conflict in the hills. Even though 17 years have elapsed since the signing of the Accord, the region is neither a peaceful nor a secured region to its people. Under the circumstances, this paper proposes education can transform the communities toward peaceful coexistence. Addressing the sensitive issues education can contribute to reconstruct and social renewal in the aftermath of violent conflict. Based on empirical findings, also consulted with secondary sources, the paper posits, merely education is not the solution of the long-standing conflict; however, it has significant role to play in peace-building in the post-conflict and conflict-affected societies, like the CHT.

KIPRAH SUDHARMONO DALAM SEJARAH GOLONGAN KARYA (1983-1988)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Adisthy Regina ◽  
Andi Suwirta
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Vice President ◽  
General Election ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
New Order ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Great Victory

The main problem discussed in this study, “how was the role of Sudharmono in leading the Golongan Karya (1983-1988)”. The research method used was the historical method including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on result’s study, Sudharmono was Soeharto’s right-hand man in New Order’s era. This proven with the candidacy of Sudharmono as Golkar Chairman from 1983-1988, that was directly elected by Soeharto. Sudharmono was a figure who contributed to Golkar’s progress in the New Order (1983-1988). Sudharmono was a Chairman from civilian,however, he could take Golkar to maximum advancement. These advancements were made because Sudharmono had taken formal and non-formal education with tremendously well. His great accomplishments made Sudharmono become a figurewho could work more. Sudharmono has made Golkar better through his policy called Tri Sukses Golkar, such as Sukses Konsolidasi, Sukses Repelita IV and Sukses Pemilu 1987, as well as General Assembly of MPR 1988. The policy that made by Sudharmonohave connectedness because if consolidation succeeded, it would affect success for other policy namely Repelita and the General Election of 1987. A great victory of Golkar in General Election of 1987, had succeeded made Sudharmono became the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in 1988. This accomplishment became a threat to Soeharto because he could replace him from the presidency position. To prevent such action, Soeharto forbade Sudharmono to proposed back to became Golkar’s Chairman for 1988-1993 period.

scholarly journals Orienteering as a Means of Promoting Cross – curricural in Teaching: Status and Perspectives / Orijentacijsko trčanje u funkciji interdisciplinarnosti u nastavi: stanje i perspektive

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Lorger ◽  
Zdenko Braičić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Teacher Competences ◽  
Primary School Curriculum ◽  
The Republic

Orienteering as a sporting and competitive as well as recreational and educational activity is increasingly being carried out by various sports associations, hikers and other amateur sportspeople. Its implementation involves class and subject teachers in schools, especially those involved in the GLOBE programme. The aim of this paper is to examine the presence of orienteering or some of its elements in the school and subject plans and programmes of both lower and higher grades of primary as well as secondary schools in the Republic of Croatia, and a possible role of orienteering in promoting cross-curricular teaching. Because of the desire to supplement the teaching methods and forms of work with more work outside the classroom, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to forming a justified demand for incorporating orienteering in the primary school curriculum in Croatia. Since orienteering is particularly significant from the point of view of Geography and Physical Education teaching, the existing curricula of the two subjects have been analysed to identify possible cross-curricular links. This paper presents the results of the research conducted in 2017 and 2018 on a sample of 146 Geography and Physical Education teachers from Croatia. The results indicate that teachers are familiar with these activities. Although they recognize the potential in terms of the wish to integrate some contents into teaching plans and programmes, as well as contribute to cross-curricular teaching, the content of orienteering is implemented very rarely or not at all in primary, and even less, in secondary schools. The results of this research also point to the lack of class and subject teacher competences and their poor knowledge of this area.Key words: correlation; Geography; orienteering; out-of-classroom teaching; Physical Education.Orijentaciju kao sportsko-natjecateljsku, rekreacijsku ili edukacijsku aktivnost sve učestalije provode različite sportske udruge, planinari i drugi rekreativci. U njezinu provođenju sudjeluju iučitelji i nastavnici u kolama, naročito onima uključenim u GLOBE program.Cilj rada je ispitati uključenost orijentacijskog trčanja ili nekih njegovih sadržaja u programe rada kola i predmeta u viim razredima osnovne kole i u srednjim kolama Republike Hrvatske te moguću ulogu orijentacijskog trčanja u poticanju interdisciplinarnosti u nastavi. Zbog želje za upotpunjavanjem nastavnih metoda i oblika rada većom količinom rada izvan učionice, svrha rada je pridonijeti oblikovanju argumentiranog zahtjeva za ugrađivanje orijentacijskog trčanja u kurikul osnovne kole u Hrvatskoj. Budući da je orijentacijsko trčanje naročito značajno s gledita nastave Geografije i Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, radi identificiranja njihovih korelacijskih veza analizirani su postojeći nastavni programi dvaju predmeta. U radu se iznose i rezultati istraživanja provedenog 2017. i 2018. godine na uzorku od 146 učitelja i nastavnika Geografije i Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture iz Hrvatske. Rezultati ukazuju da su učitelji upoznati s ovom aktivnoću pa iako prepoznaju njezin potencijal u smislu želje za njenom ugradnjom u planove i programe rada kao i doprinos međupredmetnoj korelaciji, sadržaji orijentacijskog trčanja se vrlo rijetko ili uopće ne provode u osnovnim, a jo manje u srednjim kolama. Rezultati ovog istraživanja također su ukazali na nedostatak kompetencija učitelja i nastavnika i njihovo nesnalaženje u ovom području.Ključne riječi: Geografija, korelacija, orijentacija, rad izvan učionice, Tjelesna i zdravstvena kultura

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