scholarly journals Analysis of Sports Anxiety Levels among Experienced and Inexperienced Collegiate Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Dr, Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
College Level ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Different Levels

The study examined to analyze the different levels of pre-competitive anxiety for inexperienced and inexperienced athletes. The pre-competitive anxiety factors were evaluated with the help of competitive state anxiety inventory – 2 (Urdu version). CSAI-2 questionnaire is composed of twenty-seven items having three subscales e.g. cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. A sample of 360 athletes was taken through a stratified sampling technique for the examination of pre-competitive anxiety levels. The data of 360 athletes were further stratified into two sets of 180 experienced and 180 inexperienced athletes between the ages of 16 to 27 years. The questionnaire was distributed one hour before the start of the competition. T-test has been used to assess the data collected for investigation. The results displayed a significant difference in somatic, cognitive aspects of anxiety and self-confidence among the college-level experienced and inexperienced athletes.

scholarly journals Sports Pre-Competitive Anxiety Levels among Good and Poor Performing Intercollegiate Athletes

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Dr. Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
T Test ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Pre-competitive anxiety refers to the unpleasant emotional state of individuals. It is normal for every athlete to feel nervous before a sports competition. The pre-competitive anxiety levels in the current study examined three features i.e. somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive anxiety between the sample of poor and good performing athletes. The assessment has been made by using competitive state anxiety inventory -2 (CSAI-2), which is composed of 27 items distributed in equal three subscales of pre-competitive anxiety. The sample of the study was composed of 180 performers of different sports, into groups of 90 each good and poor performer whose ages were between 16 to 27 years. Data collected has been analyzed using a T-test. A significant difference has been found in all of the components of pre-competitive anxiety i.e. cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and somatic anxiety among good performers and poor performers.

scholarly journals DOES PRE-COMPETITIVE ANXIETY INTERFERE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF BOXING ATHLETES IN BRAZIL? A PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Andres Armas Alejo ◽  
Felipe José Aidar ◽  
Dihogo Gama de Matos ◽  
Marcelo Danillo dos Santos ◽  
Dilton dos Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-competitive anxiety is one of the psychological factors that can greatly influence athletes' performance, especially when it comes to individual sport like boxing. Objective: To analyze the level of pre-competitive anxiety in male athletes in the adult and young adult categories, and their correlation with the final results of the last Brazilian National Championship. Methods: A total of 60 young adult athletes participated in the study: 38 non-medalists (17.17±0.54 years and 66.38±13.21 kg) and 22 medalists (17.48±0.54 years and 66.21±12.96 kg). The “adults” group consisted of 35 athletes: 11 non-medalists (22.60±4.65 years and 68.33±14.08 kg) and 24 medalists (22.60±4.82 years and 67.33 ±13.13 kg). Results: The levels of cognitive anxiety in the young adult athletes group presented significant differences: medalists presented lower scores than non-medalists (12.77±2.62 and 15.92±5.20, respectively). In the adults group, medalists presented higher scores than non-medalists (15.23±4.42 and 12.00±4.11). Significant differences were observed in somatic anxiety levels between the young adult medalists and the other groups (p = 0.038). In addition, levels of self-confidence were high in all groups (young adult non-medalists = 29.42±4.82; adult non-medalists = 26.14±4.94, young adult medalists = 31.59±4.24 and adult medalists = 28.91±4.88). Conclusion: We conclude that self-confidence may interfere with anxiety levels, considering that medal-winning boxers are less prone to cognitive anxiety than non-medalists, and that both groups have high levels of self-confidence. Level of evidence I; High quality randomized trial with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence intervals.

scholarly journals Analysis of pre-competitive anxiety of Brazilian young swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e45475
Author(s):  
Glauber Castelo Branco Silva ◽  
Antônio Carlos Leal Cortez ◽  
José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Carla Thamires Laranjeira Granja ◽  
Erick Francisco Quintas Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study analyzed the level of state-anxiety of swimming athletes based on sex, category, competitive specialty, competitive level and competitive experience. Participants were 178 male (n = 105) and female (n = 73) swimmers with mean age of 15.51 ± 1.9 years at regional, national and international levels. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CASI-2) was used as instrument. Data analysis was conducted using the independent Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation. The results showed higher levels of self-confidence in males (p = 0.02) and higher levels of cognitive anxiety in females (p = 0.019). Among the competitive specialties, there were differences between levels of cognitive anxiety (p = 0.045) and self-confidence (p = 0.041) of swimmers. Differences were also observed in levels of cognitive anxiety (p = 0.049), somatic anxiety (p = 0.001) and self-confidence (p = 0.047) between swimming competition levels. It was concluded that male swimmers are more self-confident and less anxious than female swimmers and there are different levels of self-confidence and types of anxiety for different competitive specialties and ranking of competitions.

scholarly journals Examining the Pre- and Post-Competition State Anxiety Levels of Sportswomen of the Dutch Women's Volleyball National Team

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Mustafa Önder Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
National Team ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Competition State ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Women's Volleyball

This study was planned and conducted in order to examine the pre- and post-competition state anxiety levels of sportswomen of the Dutch women's volleyball national team. This descriptive study aimed at identifying the pre- and post-competition state anxiety levels of sportswomen of the Dutch women's volleyball national team is in the general survey model. The "Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2" (CSAI-2) consisting of 27 questions, developed by Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1990) was applied to the 14 sportswomen voluntarily participating in the study. The anxiety inventory comprises the cognitive, somatic and self-confidence sub-factors. Each factor consists of 9 items. The Cronbach Alpha Internal Consistency coefficient was found as 0.91 in Cognitive Anxiety, 0.62 in Physical Anxiety, and 0.95 in Self-Confidence. According to the study conducted, comparing the pre- and post-competition anxiety levels of the sportswomen of the women's national volleyball team, a significant difference was found in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self- confidence anxiety levels of p<0,05. In anxiety levels according to years of practicing sports, a significant difference at a level of p<0,05 was found in pre-competitive somatic anxiety.

scholarly journals Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene La Fratta ◽  
Sara Franceschelli ◽  
Lorenza Speranza ◽  
Antonia Patruno ◽  
Carlo Michetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Psychophysiological Stress ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIt is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.

Intensity and Direction of Competitive State Anxiety as Interpreted by Rugby Players and Rifle Shooters

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Hanton ◽  
Graham Jones ◽  
Richard Mullen
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rugby Players

This study reports the findings of part of an ongoing research program examining sports performers' interpretations of competitive anxiety prior to competition. The notion of ‘directional perceptions’ has questioned the limited utility of examining only the intensity of competitive anxiety responses as has Jones. The purpose of this study was to examine intensity and direction, i.e., interpretation of intensity as facilitative or debilitative, of anxiety symptoms as a function of two types of sport. The types of sport were explosive (rugby league) versus fine motor skills (target rifle shooting). The sample comprised 50 male rugby league participants and 50 target rifle shooters who completed a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 prior to competition. Contingency analysis yielded a significant difference in the number of rugby players who reported somatic anxiety as facilitative and the number of rifle shooters who reported somatic states as debilitative. No such differences were evident for cognitive anxiety. Analysis of variance Indicated no differences between the two groups on the intensity of cognitive and somatic anxiety, but the performers competing in rugby league interpreted both states as being more facilitative to performance; the rugby league players also had higher scores on self-confidence than the shooters. These findings provide continuing support for the measurement of directional perceptions of competitive anxiety and highlight the importance of examining individual sports.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Pre-competition and Post-competition State Anxiety Levels of Russian Women’s National Volleyball Team Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mustafa Önder Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Competition State ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Impact

This study of 14 Russian women’s national volleyball team athletes aimed to determine their pre-competition and post-competition state anxiety levels according to some variables. This descriptive study used the Competition State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) developed by Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1990). This inventory has 9 items in 3 sub-factors: cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence.A comparison of the pre-competition and post-competition anxiety levels found no statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety (p>0.05), somatic anxiety (p>0.05) and self-confidence (p>0.05). The highest pre-competition somatic anxiety score fell after the competition, while cognitive anxiety and self-confidence increased after the competition when it was low. There were no statistically significant differences in the athletes’ pre-competition and post-competition anxiety levels by age or income. Considering that success does not occur without a certain level of anxiety, coaches should consider the impact of psychological factors in technical and tactical training.

Perceived Threat as a Cognitive Component of State Anxiety and Confidence

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1092-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt L. Lox
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Performance ◽  
State Responses

This study was designed to test propositions from the 1990 competitive anxiety model proposed by Martens, Vealey, and Burton. Specifically, the relationships among perceived threat and state responses of anxiety, confidence, and efficacy were examined to assess whether perceived threat might explain anxiety and confidence in 52 intercollegiate female volleyball players. Somatic anxiety was significantly correlated with perception of importance of both outcome and personal performance while uncertainty regarding personal performance was significantly related to cognitive anxiety. In addition, perceived threat was significantly related to state self-confidence and self-efficacy.

scholarly journals O treinamento mental gera efeito positivo na ansiedade competitiva de jovens nadadores?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo De Sousa Fortes ◽  
Hugo Augusto Alvares da Silva Lira ◽  
Raphaella Christine Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Sebastião Sousa Almeida ◽  
Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Subscale Score ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p353 The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of mental training on the competitive anxiety of young swimmers. The sample consisted of 35 swimmers aged 15 - 17 years (M = 15.93; SD = 0.98), randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 17) and control group (CG, n = 18). The study lasted eight weeks. Both groups performed the same physical/technical training planning. CG watched advertisement videos while EG performed mental training. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) was administered to all athletes before the start of the season and the last week of the “taper” mesocycle. The findings revealed that the “cognitive anxiety” and “somatic anxiety” subscale scores attenuated from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.15). The results showed that the “self-confidence” subscale score increased from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.26). Significant difference was found in “cognitive anxiety” (p = 0.01), “somatic anxiety” (p = 0.01) and “self-confidence” (p = 0.01) subscales across EG and CG after 8 weeks. It was concluded that mental training was effective in reducing anxiety (cognitive and somatic) and increasing the self-confidence of young swimmers. 

scholarly journals 3D immersive environment as a psychological training tool to enhance self-confidence and reduce competitive anxiety for Malaysian volleyball athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Mei Jing
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immersive Environment

<p>Currently, great emphasis is placed on the development and intervention of psychology in sports in order to address the problem of athletes’ failure to achieve peak performance in actual competitions. This problem is primarily due to internal factors, such as anxieties, as well as external factors, such as the high pressure of the competitive environments athletes encounter. In this study, the cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self confidence levels amongst elite and sub-elite Malaysian volleyball players are defined (male sample n = 50; female sample n = 35; age range between 17 to 25 years). These parameters were measured using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2), in which the questionnaires were completed by all respondents 30 minutes prior to the start of a competition. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference (p &lt; 0.005) in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence among elite and sub-elite Malaysian (male and female) volleyball athletes. According to the findings, the competitive anxiety levels of the sub-elite athletes were higher than the elite, mainly due to the inability of the sub-elite athletes to control their emotions using psychological skills. In order to minimize this problem, a novel approach that involves using virtual reality to reduce the athletes’ competitive anxiety was proposed. This approach utilizes a 3D immersive environment that was developed based on the challenging real-world situations encountered during a volleyball match. The design and development of this approach is predicted to enhance athletes’ psychological skills, and in turn ensure that they can achieve peak performance under high pressure conditions.</p>

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