Influence of whip smut (Sporisorium scitamineum) infection on quantitative parameters of sugarcane cultivars

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam Rajput ◽  
Rehana Naz Syed ◽  
Fahad Nazir Khoso ◽  
Muhammad Ali Khanzada ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Sporisorium Scitamineum ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agriculture Research Institute ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Plot Design

Whip smut is one of the most prevalent diseases in almost all sugarcane growing regions of the world. To find out the quantitative losses to sugarcane caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, trials were conducted during the crop season 2014/15 and 2015/16 at sugarcane section, Agriculture Research Institute Tandojam, Pakistan. A total of 104 cultivars of different origins were grown in split plot design with 6 replications. A significant reduction in cane height by 34.33%, cane girth by 18.26%, millable canes by 28.87% and yield per hectare by 41.61% was observed. The most susceptible cultivar was CP-29-120, whereas, the most immune and productive variety was Hoth-318 with the mean yield of 153.33 ± 0.75 t/ha. The statistical analysis results showed highly significant (P = 0.000) impact of disease incidence on different cultivars. In the light of results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that smut disease can cause high reduction in all the quantitative parameters especially in millable canes and yield.

scholarly journals Pilonidal sinus disease on the rise: a one-third incidence increase in inpatients in 13 years with substantial regional variation in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski ◽  
Jan Gödeke
Keyword(s):  
Pilonidal Sinus ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pilonidal Sinus Disease ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Purpose Collective evidence from single-centre studies suggests an increasing incidence of pilonidal sinus disease in the last decades, but population-based data is scarce. Methods We analysed administrative case–based principal diagnoses of pilonidal sinus disease and its surgical therapy between 2005 and 2017 in inpatients. Changes were addressed via linear regression. Results The mean rate of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease per 100,000 men increased from 43 in 2005 to 56 in 2017. In females, the mean rate of inpatient episodes per 100,000 women rose from 14 in 2005 to 18 in 2017. In the whole population, for every case per 100,000 females, there were 3.1 cases per 100,000 males, but the numbers were highly variable between the age groups. There was considerable regional variation within Germany. Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease were increasing in almost all age groups and both sexes by almost a third. Surgery was dominated by excision of pilonidal sinus without reconstructive procedures, such as flaps, whose share was around 13% of all procedures, despite recommendations of the national guidelines to prefer flap procedures. Conclusion Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease in Germany rose across almost all age groups and both sexes with relevant regional variation. The underlying causative factors are unknown. Thus, patient-centred research is necessary to explore them. This should also take cases into account that are solely treated office-based in order to obtain a full-spectrum view of pilonidal sinus disease incidence rates.

Anisotropy of damage productions in electron irradiated molybdenum

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
K. Izui ◽  
S. Furuno ◽  
H. Otsu ◽  
T. Nishida ◽  
H. Maeta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Flux ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
Displacement Threshold ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Channeling Effect ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Threshold Energies

Anisotropy of damage productions in crystals due to high energy electron bombardment are caused from two different origins. One is an anisotropic displacement threshold energy, and the other is an anisotropic distribution of electron flux near the atomic rows in crystals due to the electron channeling effect. By the n-beam dynamical calculations for germanium and molybdenum we have shown that electron flux at the atomic positions are from ∽4 to ∽7 times larger than the mean incident flux for the principal zone axis directions of incident 1 MeV electron beams, and concluded that such a locally increased electron flux results in an enhanced damage production. The present paper reports the experimental evidence for the enhanced damage production due to the locally increased electron flux and also the results of measurements of the displacement threshold energies for the <100>,<110> and <111> directions in molybdenum crystals by using a high voltage electron microscope.

Evaluation of Low-Dose Gentamicin Once Daily Dosing Regimen at A General Hospital in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ab Rahman A F ◽  
Md Sahak N. ◽  
Ali A. M.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Neutropenic Sepsis ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Almost All

Objective: Once daily dosing (ODD) aminoglycoside is gaining wide acceptance as an alternative way of dosing. In our setting it is the regimen of choice whenever gentamicin is indicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of gentamicin ODD in a public hospital in Malaysia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients on gentamicin ODD who were admitted to Hospital Melaka during January 2002 until March 2010. All adult patients who were on ODD gentamicin with various level of renal function were included in the study. Patients on gentamicin less than 72 hours and pregnant women were excluded. Results: From 110 patients, 75 (68.2%) were male and 35 (31.8%) were female. Indications for ODD gentamicin included pneumonia, 34 (31.0%) neutropenic sepsis, 27 (24.5%) and sepsis, 11 (10.0%). The mean dose and duration of gentamicin was 3.2 mg/kg/day and 7 days, respectively. Almost all patients were on gentamicin combined with other antibiotics. Clinical cure based on fever resolution was found in 89.1% of patients treated with ODD. Resolution of fever took an average of 48 hours after initiation of therapy. The evaluation for bacteriologic cure could not be performed because of insufficient data on culture and sensitivity. Out of 38 patients with analyzable serum creatinine data, four patients might have developed nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: In our setting, lower dosages of ODD gentamicin when used in combination with other antibiotics seemed to be effective and safe in treating most gram negative infections.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Survey of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Lahcen Hssaini ◽  
Francisca Hernandez ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽  
Jamal Charafi ◽  
Rachid Razouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition ◽  
Almost All

In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.

scholarly journals On Fourier Coefficients of the Symmetric Square L-Function at Piatetski-Shapiro Prime Twins

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
Xue Han ◽  
Xiaofei Yan ◽  
Deyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Formula ◽  
Fourier Coefficient ◽  
Cusp Form ◽  
Riemann Hypothesis ◽  
Modular Group ◽  
Fourier Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Symmetric Square ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Let Pc(x)={p≤x|p,[pc]areprimes},c∈R+∖N and λsym2f(n) be the n-th Fourier coefficient associated with the symmetric square L-function L(s,sym2f). For any A>0, we prove that the mean value of λsym2f(n) over Pc(x) is ≪xlog−A−2x for almost all c∈ε,(5+3)/8−ε in the sense of Lebesgue measure. Furthermore, it holds for all c∈(0,1) under the Riemann Hypothesis. Furthermore, we obtain that asymptotic formula for λf2(n) over Pc(x) is ∑p,qprimep≤x,q=[pc]λf2(p)=xclog2x(1+o(1)), for almost all c∈ε,(5+3)/8−ε, where λf(n) is the normalized n-th Fourier coefficient associated with a holomorphic cusp form f for the full modular group.

Quantitative analysis of static equilibrium in women after mastectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Maciej Rachwał ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽  
Katarzyna Walicka-Cupryś ◽  
Aleksandra Truszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Center Of Foot Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Posture Stability ◽  
Mastectomy Group ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: The post-mastectomy changes to the locomotor system are related to the scar and adhesion or to the lymphatic edema after amputation which, in turn, lead to local and global distraction of the work of the muscles. These changes lead to body statics disturbance that changes the projection of the center of gravity and worsens motor response due to changing of the muscle sensitivity. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the static balance of women after undergoing mastectomy. Methods: The study included 150 women, including 75 who underwent mastectomy (mean age: 60±7.6) years, mean body mass index (BMI): 26 (±3.6) kg/m2) and 75 who were placed in the control group with matched age and BMI. The study was conducted using a tensometric platform. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for almost all parameters between the post-mastectomy group and group of healthy women, regarding center of foot pressure (COP) path length in the Y and X axes and the mean amplitude of COP. Conclusions: First, the findings revealed that balance in post-mastectomy women is significantly better than in the control group. Second, physiotherapeutic treatment of post-mastectomy women may have improved their posture stability compared with their peers.

scholarly journals In-Furrow Applications of Metalaxyl and Phosphite for Control of Pink Rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of Potato in New Brunswick, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil I. Al-Mughrabi ◽  
Rick D. Peters ◽  
H. W. (Bud) Platt ◽  
Gilles Moreau ◽  
Appanna Vikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Pink Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Erythroseptica ◽  
Sensitive Isolate ◽  
The Mean

The efficacy of metalaxyl-m (Ridomil Gold 480EC) and phosphite (Phostrol) applied at planting in-furrow against pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of potato (Solanum tuberosum) ‘Shepody’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ was evaluated in field trials conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada. Inoculum made from a metalaxyl-m-sensitive isolate of P. erythroseptica from New Brunswick was applied either in-furrow as a vermiculite slurry at planting or as a zoospore drench in soils adjacent to potato plants in late August. After harvest, the number and weight of tubers showing pink rot symptoms were assessed and expressed as percentages of the total tuber number and total weight of tubers. Metalaxyl-m applied in-furrow was significantly more effective against pink rot than phosphite. The mean percentage of diseased tubers as a percentage of total tuber weight was 1.5% (2005) and 1.2% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 9.6% (2005) and 2.8% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots, a percentage similar to that obtained in inoculated control plots with no fungicide treatment. The mean percentage of diseased tubers expressed as a percentage of the total number of tubers was 1.7% (2005) and 1.3% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 10.1% (2005) and 3.1% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots. Disease incidence was significantly higher using the late-season inoculation technique (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 9.9 and 3.8% diseased tubers, by weight, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than with the in-furrow inoculation method (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.3 and 0.7% by weight, and 3.7 and 1.3%, by number). The potato cv. Shepody was significantly more susceptible to pink rot (9.9 and 3.3% diseased tubers, by weight, in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than Russet Burbank (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.4,% and 1.2%, by weight, and 3.7,% and 1.2%, by number). Our findings indicate that metalaxyl applied in-furrow at planting is a viable option for control of pink rot caused by metalaxyl-sensitive strains of P. erythroseptica, whereas phosphite was ineffective.

Characteristics and attitudes of family planners in Khartoum, Sudan

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

SummaryIn a survey of 1475 urban Moslem wives in the age group 15–49 living in the capital city of the Sudan, knowledge of birth control was reported by almost all respondents while a significant proportion had used contraception at least once. The mean age of the users was 32·8 years, their duration of marriage was 15·1 years and their mean number of surviving children was 4·6. Those who had never used contraception had a higher mean age, a longer duration of marriage and more surviving children. Most of the users had an urban residential background and belonged to the high socioeconomic class. They held favourable attitudes to family planning. Although they thought that having a large family (more than five children) was not desirable, their mean preferred family size was no different from that of the never users.The results indicate that contraception is used for the purpose of spacing births rather than limiting their ultimate number. At this early stage of contraceptive adoption in Sudan, the characteristics of the pioneer acceptors are similar to those observed in other African countries.

scholarly journals Population structure of Chinese southwest wheat germplasms resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew using the DArT-seq technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqing Chen ◽  
Piyada Alisha Tantasawat ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xu Gao ◽  
Liyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group I ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Specific Allele ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Origins

ABSTRACT: Understanding genetic variability in existing wheat accessions is critical for collection, conservation and use of wheat germplasms. In this study, 138 Chinese southwest wheat accessions were investigated by genotyping using two resistance gene makers (Pm21 and Yr26) and DArT-seq technique. Finally, about 50% cultivars (lines) amplified the specific allele for the Yr26 gene (Gwm11) and 40.6% for the Pm21 gene (SCAR1265). By DArT-seq analysis, 30,485 markers (6486 SNPs and 23999 DArTs) were obtained with mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value 0.33 and 0.28 for DArT and SNP marker, respectively. The mean Dice genetic similarity coefficient (GS) was 0.72. Two consistent groups of wheat varieties were identified using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) at the level of both the chromosome 6AS and the whole-genome, respectively. Group I was composed of non-6VS/6AL translocation lines of different origins, while Group II was composed of 6VS/6AL translocation (T6VS/6AL) lines, most of which carried the Yr26 and Pm21 genes and originated from Guizhou. Besides, a model-based population structure analysis revealed extensive admixture and further divided these wheat accessions into six subgroups (SG1, SG2, SG3, SG4, SG5 and SG6), based on their origin, pedigree or disease resistance. This information is useful for wheat breeding in southwestern China and association mapping for disease resistance using these wheat germplasms in future.

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