scholarly journals Nine Recommendations for the Safety on Road both of the People and the Traffic Police

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Madhur Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Injured Patients

Safety of people and traffic police on road and the provision of prompt and appropriate treatment of injured persons in road accident are urgent concerns. The nine recommendations accordingly made are 1) Considering anyone who informs about or brings to the hospitals the accident victims as innocent until proved otherwise, 2) Annual payment by all vehicle owners (as per the cost of vehicles) to generate treatment fund for any road accident injured patients in the free general (not paying or private or extended health service) outdoor or emergency clinics or ward of the public hospitals irrespective of anyone’ fault in the accident (insurance or other agencies may be assigned to handle the amount deposited and reimbursement of the payments to the hospitals), 3) Implementation of helmet wearing by motorcycle riders and pillion riders in motorcycles, 4) Stricter fine for hazardous traffic offenses, 5) Drivers of the larger vehicles should not automatically be held responsible for any accidents involving other smaller vehicles (to prevent smaller vehicles and motorcycles to drive recklessly), 6) Drivers should not be just held responsible to bear health expenses of injured patients (which is much more than the compensation required in the event of death of injured persons); this is to encourage drivers to take injured persons immediately to hospitals and prevent inclination to allow their deaths indirectly or directly; the drivers should be proportionately fined or punished as per the traffic regulations if they are found to be negligent, 7) Safe and visible platform for the traffic police to stay on the road, 8) Provision of cost-effective respirators for traffic police and traffic supervisors, and 9) Compensation for occupational hazards to the traffic police and field traffic supervisors by distributing to them adequate proportion (e.g. one-third to one-half) of the fund collected by stricter fine paid for the hazardous traffic offences. Provision of various allowances, including for hazards, and benefits is a common practice in the country. Compensation for the occupational hazards of the traffic police provides incentives to and motivates them to remain vigilant about hazardous traffic offenses day and night everywhere and, thus, is essential for the safety of the people.   

Strategies for Promoting the Use of Concrete Pavements in Tanzania: Technical and Institutional Considerations

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
D.A. Mfinanga ◽  
H. Bwire
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
The Road ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Economic Developments

High-type roads in Tanzania have been predominantly of asphaltic concrete construction. This ever enlarging and ageing asphaltic road network represents increasing resource requirements on the road agency in the form of maintenance. Limited resources coupled with the ever sky-rocketing costs of petroleum products and the competing demands of social economic developments, presupposes the need to look for alternative road construction technology that is more cost-effective and resource optimising. Experience gained from developed and some developing countries where concrete pavements have been widely used suggests the potential of this type of pavement in many developingcountries. This paper discusses the technical aspects of design and construction- and maintenance-related aspects of concrete pavements. The discussion extends further to highlight issues pertaining to the performance of concrete pavements and strategies for promoting the use of concrete pavements in Tanzania. Conclusions and recommendationsare made with suggestions on how to start implementing the proposed strategies.

scholarly journals China's Dilemmas on the Road to Reforms Under Xi Jinping

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Juhan Värk
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
The Road ◽  
National Leader ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

AbstractOn 15 November 2012, at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping was elected the Party' general secretary, whereas he also became the chairman of the influential Central Military Commission. Too eager to wait to be inaugurated as President of the People' Republic of China in March 2013, the new national leader announced that in the following decade he is guided by the main objective of his predecessor Hu Jintao to double the prosperity of the people by the year 2020 and to keep the country' economy stable and growing fast. Unfortunately, it will be difficult for the new leader of China to implement his intentions, since, presumably, the country' new leadership will be from the older generation, hardliners, and, most importantly, politically conservative. But the difficulties lie in carrying out economic reforms because of rampant corruption and shadow banking in the central apparatus and in regions.According to the World Bank' analysis, China has become the world' largest economy. But the large expenditures to military reform and environmental protection are not sufficient for Xi Jinping to accomplish the goal to raise significantly the poor living standards of Chinese people. China has also faced difficulties in complying with the basic principles of its foreign policy, especially after the annexation of Crimea and its incorporation into the Russian Federation by China' strategic partner, Russia. In the past, China has carried out campaigns against “Americanization”, although with no tangible results. Thus, the leaders of today' China are faced with a number of dilemmas.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL REGULATION NO. 4 OF 2012 ON PUBLIC SERVICE LEVIES IN THE FRAMEWORK ORDER CREATING TRAFFIC ON THE ROAD SURYAKENCANA CITY OF BOGOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Mul Yadi ◽  
Harry Rudyantoro ◽  
Ujang Bahar
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Public Road ◽  
The People ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Legal Discovery ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT  Related to the implementation of the Regional Regulation (Perda) about the increase in parking rates at the edge of the road prone to congestion in the city of Bogor ratified and entered into force on July 2, 2012, The first location that imposed this tariff is the Way Suryakencana and Jalan Siliwangi Bogor and the second location is the application of The Government through the Department trials Traffic Transportation (DLLAJ) Bogor City gets a reaction from the people around Jalan Suryakencana. Enactment of the increase in parking rates at Jalan Bogor Suryakencana expected to reduce illegal parking of vehicles in the area, which has been causing congestion. With parking rates that have been enacted many road users who park their vehicles in multiple and indiscriminate. The method used in this study is empirical juridical approach. The study, based on an inventory of positive law, the discovery of the principles of law and legal discovery inconcretto, which include observation of empirical operationalization of law in society. The conclusion from this study is the basis of the application of the levy Parking Services Bank Public Road, especially in the city of Bogor is Law No. 28 of 2009 on Regional Taxes and Levies and Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2012. Implementation of Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2012 on Increase Rates Parking is not yet fully effective this is due to high payments also has not been matched with adequate services, the responsibility for the damage and loss still be a burden for the owner of the vehicle so that the functions and responsibilities of the government that deal with parking problems is questionable. Impact parking tariff policy to demand that any increase in the parking rate of 10 percent would result in a decrease in the use of parking of 0.7 -0.8 percent, increase use of public transport and cycling amounted to 3.71 percent of 0.9 percent. This figure is even greater in the short term, when applied can lead to a new increase in the elasticity to be about - 0.28., Where the parking lot reducing the length of parking time and reduce the amount of parking.  Keywords: Regional Regulation, Rates Parking, Traffic Order

scholarly journals Cost Implications of Reactive Versus Prospective Testing for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581880304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Con Murphy ◽  
Stephen Byrne ◽  
Gul Ahmed ◽  
Andrew Kenny ◽  
James Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Care Payer ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Cost

Background: Severe toxicity is experienced by a substantial minority of patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, with approximately 20% of these severe toxicities attributable to polymorphisms in the DPYD gene. The DPYD codes for the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) important in the metabolism of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. We questioned whether prospective DPYD mutation analysis in all patients commencing such therapy would prove more cost-effective than reactive testing of patients experiencing severe toxicity. Methods: All patients experiencing severe toxicity from fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer in an Irish private hospital over a 3-year period were tested for 4 DPYD polymorphisms previously associated with toxicity. The costs associated with an index admission for toxicity in DPD-deficient patients were examined. A cost analysis was undertaken comparing the anticipated cost of implementing screening for DPYD mutations versus current usual care. One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted on known input variables. An alternative scenario analysis from the perspective of the Irish health-care payer (responsible for public hospitals) was also performed. Results: Of 134 patients commencing first-line fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy over 3 years, 30 (23%) patients developed grade 3/4 toxicity. Of these, 17% revealed heterozygote DPYD mutations. The cost of hospitalization for the DPYD-mutated patients was €232 061, while prospectively testing all 134 patients would have cost €23 718. Prospective testing would result in cost savings across all scenarios. Conclusions: The cost of hospital admission for severe chemotherapy-related toxicity is significantly higher than the cost of prospective DPYD testing of each patient commencing fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Macro Models of Casualties in Road Transport / Modelowanie Strat Osobowych W Transporcie Drogowym

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
On The Road

Abstract To ensure that road transport safety measures are effective and efficient, forecast tools should be applied to help with strategic decision-making. Models of road safety measures provide such tools. The paper presents a proposed macro model of road accident casualties. The proposed models of road accident fatalities are built from a database covering more than fifty countries worldwide. The concepts of model design can be used for developing factor-based models to describe strategic societal risk on the road networks of selected countries worldwide. One of the concepts was applied to model the number of road accident fatalities. The analyses used Smeed’s model and its modifications developed for the needs of this analysis.

Experiment with Reduced Salting of Rural Main Roads in Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 1533 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Kallberg
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

An experiment was conducted in the road district of Kuopio in the winters of 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in which the use of salt in winter maintenance on rural main roads was reduced to 1 to 2 T/road kilometer from the approximately 10 T of salt that typically had been used per road kilometer in similar conditions in recent years. On the experimental roads, salting was replaced by sanding. The cost of winter maintenance on the experimental roads increased by 20 percent on average, and the increase was higher on roads with higher traffic volumes. Slippery conditions due to ice and snow on the road surface were twice as frequent (30 to 40 percent of the time) on the experimental roads as on the control roads in the neighboring road district. There were 27 injury accidents on the experimental roads in the first winter and 25 in the second. This was about the same as the average of the five previous winters. Because the accident trend on other roads in the same time was decreasing, it was concluded that the experiment increased the number of injury accidents by approximately 20 percent on most experimental road sections. Reduced salting decreased the sodium and chloride concentrations in the needles of roadside pine trees. There were also indications of decreased sodium and chloride concentrations in groundwater. Three quarters of the population in the area was pleased with the experiment.

A Tryst with Reality: Child Labor in the Heart of India, New Delhi

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rewa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Social Evil ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right

“Why do we have to pay the price of poverty? We didn’t create poverty, adults did.” This might be the sentiment of every child who is forced to work at an age when he or she deserves to go to school unlike the fellow kids who are born in a family that can afford to give them a decent childhood. Child Labor is the single most damaging impediment on the road to achieving the goal of development and the purpose of this paper is to show the obstacles that this social evil poses in the path to development. The study used Exploratory, rather unstructured research design and instruments such as case studies and life histories. The study indicates that the government of India has taken some strict measures to eradicate this evil such as the passing of the Right to Education Bill, illegalization of employment of children under the age of 14 years, schemes like “Sarva Siksha Abhiyan” (Education for all campaign), free afternoon meal and so on. But on the ground level their implementation is shoddy due to (as bureaucrats would put it) practical problems. The problem is of course, in the system but it has more to do with the mindsets of the people too. There are people who speak against child labor in India and back at their own house or office, many of them will have at least one child working for them. People need to realize that what a waste of talent and a major obstacle to a country’s development, Child Labor is.   Keywords - Children. Child labor India. Social evil. Illegal employment.

Finding our Feet: On the Road with Anna Deavere Smith

Prospects ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 575-592
Author(s):  
Rena Fraden
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Anna Deavere Smith ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
On The Road

“We … say of some people that they are transparent to us. It is, however, important as regards this observation that one human being can be a complete enigma to another. We learn this when we come into a strange country with entirely strange traditions; and, what is more, even given a mastery of the country's language. We do not understand the people. (And not because of not knowing what they are saying to themselves.) We cannot find our feet with them.”

scholarly journals Color Variation from Vehicle on The Road and Its Environment Through Subtle Motion Study Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Septian Enggar Sukmana ◽  
Farah Zakiyah Rahmanti
Keyword(s):  
Road Accident ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
The Road ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Computation Process ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Black Color

Road accident has been serious case in Indonesia, the big number of the cases is not decreasing for six years. Many ways have been done, one of example is exploiting smart camera or CCTV to observe mocement estimation explicitly or implicitly. One problem is when explicit-based technique is applied, the computation process would take more resource. Implicit-based technique like exploitting processing-based frequency domain must be tried to make a better study and produce more knowledge in this study field. Color magnification can helpful information to support better movement estimation. This eulerian-based technique may be the one useful method to help this study. This paper implements eluerian video magnification to get color magnification on road as observed environment. This technique produces unexpected result that unknown black color appears, it still ambiguous because some scene can be described as black color object magnification result and another is shocking camera effect so that the technique is difficult to obtain color magnfication result. PSNR results quite better value because in spite of color magnification result distraction, the scenery of the road is not covered fully. SSIM shows that some mapping in each video data can not results same pattern, it is suspicious that SSIM mapping is affected by this color magnification result.

scholarly journals Detection of Coordinate Based Accident-Prone Areas on Road Surface using Machine Learning Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Anitha Kumari Dara ◽  
Dr. A. Govardhan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

The growth in the road networks in India and other developing countries have influenced the growth in transport industry and other industries, which depends on the road network for operations. The industries such as postal services or mover services have influenced the similar growths in these industries as well. However, the dependency of these industries is high on the road surface conditions and any deviation on the road surface conditions can also influence the performance of the services provided by the mentioned services. Nonetheless, the conditions of the road surface are one of the prime factors for road safety and number of evidences are found, which are discussed in subsequent sections of this work, that the bad road surface conditions are increasing the road accidents. Several parallel research attempts are deployed in order to find out, the regions where the road surface conditions are not proper, and the traffic density is higher. Nevertheless, outcomes of these parallel works are highly criticised due to the lack of accuracy in detection of the road surface defects, detection of accurate location of the defects and detection of the traffic density data from various sources. Thus, this work proposes a novel framework for detection of the road defect and further mapping to the spatial data coordinates resulting into the detection of the accident-prone zones or accident affinities of the roads. This work deploys a self-adjusting parametric coefficient-based regression model for detection of the risk factors of the road defects and in the other hand, extracts the traffic density of the road regions and further maps the accident affinities. This work outcomes into 97.69% accurate detection of the road accident affinity and demonstrates less complexity compared with the other parallel research outcomes

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