scholarly journals The role of foreign accent and short-term exposure in speech-in-speech recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2053-2062
Author(s):  
Susanne Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Evidence of the role of short-term exposure to ozone on ischaemic cerebral and cardiac events: the Dijon Vascular Project (DIVA)

Heart ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (24) ◽  
pp. 1990-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-B. Henrotin ◽  
M. Zeller ◽  
L. Lorgis ◽  
Y. Cottin ◽  
M. Giroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Ethylene Exposure Duration Affects Postharvest Needle Abscission in Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea L.)

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason T. MacDonald ◽  
Rajasekaran R. Lada ◽  
Alex I. Martynenko ◽  
Martine Dorais ◽  
Steeve Pepin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Average Water

Needle loss after harvest is a major problem for Atlantic Canada's Christmas tree and greenery industry. Ethylene is a signal for abscission in balsam fir, but preliminary studies have suggested that the role of ethylene may be influenced by length of exposure. Short-term and long-term ethylene exposure experiments were conducted. Branches were exposed to ethylene for 24 h (short-term) or continuously (long-term) at concentrations of 0 to 1000 ppm. The response variables measured were needle retention duration (NRD), average water use (AWU), and xylem pressure potential (XPP). Short-term exposure to any concentration of ethylene delayed needle abscission by 30 to 40 days. In contrast, long-term exposure to all concentrations of ethylene accelerated abscission, most evident by a 21-day decrease in NRD at 1000 ppm ethylene. There was a 60% decrease in NRD, 160% decrease (more negative) in XPP, and 80% increase in AWU as a result of long-term exposure to ethylene. Overall, our results demonstrate an opposite effect of short-term and long-term ethylene exposure, which suggests that short-term exposure to ethylene might help to precondition balsam fir and delay needle abscission during postharvest handling.

AB0229 SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE NORTH OF ITALY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1415.1-1415
Author(s):  
F. Ingegnoli ◽  
T. Ubiali ◽  
T. Schioppo ◽  
V. Longo ◽  
S. Iodice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background:Air pollution is believed to cause oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, that could trigger autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several epidemiological studies investigated the possible role of air pollution in the outbreak of RA with controversial results. As far as we know, studies on the effects on disease activity of short-term exposure have not been published.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants (daily mean PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3) on disease activity in patients with RA.Methods:Consecutive patients with RA (ACR/EULAR Criteria 2010) resident in Lombardy (Italy) were enrolled. In each patient Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28), Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were assessed. Daily PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3concentrations, estimated by Regional Environmental Protection Agency at municipality resolution, were used to assign short-term exposure from day of visit back to 14 days. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to identify the day of the pollutants independently associated with disease activity indices, adjusting for the variables significant at the univariate analysis. β coefficients were reported for 1 μg/m3increments of pollutants’ concentrations.Results:422 RA patients were enrolled in the study between January and June 2018: 81.5% females, mean age 58.2±13.3 years, mean disease duration 16.1±11.5 years, 27.3% current smokers, 59.5% RF positivity, 54.5% ACPA positivity. Sparse punctual statistically significant negative associations emerged at the multivariate analysis between PM10, PM2.5, NO2and the outcomes, although with very low estimates, whereas positive associations resulted for O3.Afterwards patients were stratified in 3 subgroups according to their ongoing treatment (no therapy, n=25, conventional synthetic Disease Modifying anti-Rheumatic Drugs -DMARDs-, n=108 and biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs, n=289). A statistical significance was found by analysing the influence of therapy on the interaction between PM2.5and DAS28 (Figure below): a positive trend between PM2.5and DAS28 appeared in the first two groups (no therapy, 0.013±0.007, p=0.06 and csDMARDs, 0.006±0.004, p=0.17), whereas a statistically significant inverse association was seen in the b/tsDMARDs group (-0.005±0.002, p=0.01). Therapy interaction was particularly evident in several days before the visit also for O3.Conclusion:The changes of the outcome measures related to the increase of the pollutants’ levels did not reach the minimal clinically important difference, therefore air pollution seems barely relevant on disease activity once the loss of tolerance is established in RA. O3and PM/NO2always exhibit an opposite performance having inversely proportional atmospheric concentrations, whereas the biological role of this substance is still matter of debate and will need further understanding. Therapy seems to be able to interact with the relation between air pollutants and the parameters considered.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Tania Ubiali: None declared, Tommaso Schioppo: None declared, Valentina Longo: None declared, Simona Iodice: None declared, Ennio Giulio Favalli Consultant of: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Orazio De Lucia: None declared, Antonella Murgo: None declared, Valentina Bollati: None declared, Roberto Caporali Consultant of: AbbVie; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Lilly; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Celgene; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer; UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Celgene; Lilly; Gilead Sciences, Inc; MSD; Pfizer; Roche; UCB

Differential Effects of Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) Inhibitors On the Expression of Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity (TF PCA) by AML Blasts

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1112-1112
Author(s):  
Cornelia Fischer ◽  
Brigitte Spath ◽  
Ali Amirkhosravi ◽  
Walter Fiedler ◽  
Carsten Bokemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Hl60 Cells ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Abstract 1112 Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) may be complicated by DIC. TF plays a critical role in AML-associated coagulopathy, and induction of apoptosis significantly increases TF PCA on leukemic blasts, mainly via phosphatidylserine (PS) membrane exposure. However, PDI, a thiol isomerase with oxidoreductase and chaperone activity, has also been implicated in cellular TF regulation. Particularly, PDI inhibitors have been shown to exert antithrombotic activity in animal models. Besides its predominant localization in the endoplasmic reticulum, PDI is present on cell surfaces, where it may represent a promising therapeutic target. We investigated the effect of PDI inhibitors on the expression of TF PCA by leukemic HL60 and THP1 cells to explore their potential as anticoagulant drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of AML-associated DIC. Using a fluorescence-based insulin reduction assay, we confirmed inhibition of recombinant human PDI by bacitracin and quercetin-3-rutinoside (also known as rutin and recently shown to be a specific PDI inhibitor) with IC50 values of 0.6 mM and 14 μM, respectively, showing >95% inhibition at 1 mM (bacitracin) and 50 μM (rutin). Significant insulin reductase activity was observed on HL60 cells, and this activity was inhibited by 75% and 49% using 1 mM bacitracin and 100 μM rutin, respectively, suggesting the presence of additional, PDI-independent thiol isomerase activity. Short-term treatment with 100 μM rutin for 15 min also inhibited TF PCA on HL60 cells by 37%. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of rutin on cell-associated PDI and TF activity was completely abolished by cell washing, confirming previous evidence that rutin is a reversible PDI inhibitor. When HL60 cells were exposed to rutin (100 μM) for 24 hrs, cell-associated TF PCA was increased 2.3-fold (P<0.01), an effect that was accompanied by enhanced PS exposure, as assessed by annexin V-FITC binding (positive cells, 32±11 vs. 10±4%; P<0.01), and increased PCA of cellular microparticles (MPs) isolated from culture supernatants, as evidenced by the thrombin generation parameters lag phase (LP, 14±1 vs. 19±4 min), peak thrombin (PT, 55±17 vs. 22±14 nM), and area under the curve (AUC, 1193±329 vs. 476±347 nM*min; P<0.01). Interestingly, treatment with 100 μM rutin also resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in total cellular TF antigen (P=0.07). The effects of long-term incubation with bacitracin (1 mM) were even more pronounced, involving an 8.3-fold and 4.6-fold increase in cell-associated TF PCA and total cellular TF antigen, respectively. PS exposure (45±9%) and shedding of procoagulant MPs (LP, 7±1 min; PT, 175±49 nM; AUC, 2756±402 nM*min) were also significantly increased. While neither short-term nor long-term exposure to rutin affected TF PCA on THP1 cells, co-incubation with rutin dose-dependently (10–100 μM) inhibited daunorubicin-induced TF PCA in this cell model, an effect that could not be explained by decreased PS exposure. Importantly, both the reaction pattern of HL60 and that of THP1 cells were reproduced ex vivo using myeloblasts from AML patients. In summary, our findings suggest a highly complex and context-dependent role of PDI in leukemic-cell TF PCA expression. While short-term exposure to rutin can reversibly inhibit both PDI and TF activity, long-term exposure may result in significantly increased cellular TF PCA and MP shedding, pointing to a possible role of PDI in PS homeostasis, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and/or TF recycling. In addition, induction of leukemic-cell apoptosis and necrosis by cytotoxic drugs, which is associated with an early loss in membrane integrity and enhanced accessibility of cytoplasmic enzymes, may involve an additional role of (intracellular) PDI in the efficient presentation of TF PCA by AML blasts. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The neuroprotective role of l-cysteine towards the effects of short-term exposure to lanthanum on the adult rat brain antioxidant status and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, (Na+,K+)- and Mg2+-ATPase

BioMetals ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charis Liapi ◽  
Apostolos Zarros ◽  
Stamatios Theocharis ◽  
Hussam Al-Humadi ◽  
Foteini Anifantaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Adult Rat Brain

scholarly journals Effects of GLP-1 on counter-regulatory responses during hypoglycemia after GBP surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E Almby ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Martin H Lundqvist ◽  
Ulf Hammar ◽  
Ketan Thombare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Clamp Study

Objectives The aim of the study was to explore the role of GLP-1 receptor activation on the counter-regulation and symptoms of hypoglycemia in subjects who have undergone gastric bypass surgery (GBP). Design Experimental hyperinsulinemic–hypoglycemic clamp study. Methods Twelve post-GBP subjects participated in a randomized cross-over study with two hyperinsulinemic, hypoglycemic clamps (glucose nadir 2.7 mmol/L) performed on separate days with concomitant infusions of the GLP-1 analog exenatide or with saline, respectively. Continuous measurements of metabolites and counter-regulatory hormones as well as assessments of heart rate variability and symptoms of hypoglycemia were performed throughout the clamps. Results No effect of GLP-1 receptor activation on counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, GH) or glucose infusion rate was seen, but we found indications of a downregulation of the sympathetic relative to the parasympathetic nerve activity, as reflected in heart rate variability. No significant differences in symptom of hypoglycemia were observed. Conclusions/interpretation Short-term exposure to a GLP-1 receptor agonist does not seem to impact the counter-regulatory hormonal and metabolic responses in post-GBP subjects during hypoglycemic conditions, suggesting that the improvement in symptomatic hypoglycemia post-GBP seen following treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists may be mediated by mechanism not directly involved in counter-regulation.

Response of digestive organs of Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura: Hylidae) to benzo[α]pyrene

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Zácari Fanali ◽  
Bruno Serra de Lacerda Valverde ◽  
Lilian Franco-Belussi ◽  
Diogo B. Provete ◽  
Classius de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Concentrations

Anurans are exposed to several pollutants. One of these is benzo[α]pyrene (BaP). This compound is produced by incomplete combustion and is toxic to the liver and intestine, where it is metabolized. Here, we tested how different concentrations of BaP affect the thickness of small intestine and liver melanomacrophages (MMCs) ofHypsiboas albopunctatusduring short- and long-term exposures. We conducted an experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial design to answer these two questions. Male specimens were separated into groups injected with either 3 or 7 mg/kg of BaP and euthanized after either 72 or 168 h. Then, we measured the thickness of the intestinal epithelium and the area occupied by MMCs. The thickness of intestinal epithelium decreased in both high and low concentration for short-term exposure compared to control, and increased in the long-term group in both low and high concentrations. The short-term decrease in thickness is due to the damage caused by BaP on the absorptive capacity of the epithelium, whereas the epithelium increased its thickness and recovered normal activity in the long-term. High BaP concentration decreased the area of MMCs in the short-term group. The increase in MMCs is associated with the detoxifying role of these cells, while the decrease was triggered by cellular stress due to high BaP concentration. The concentrations of BaP we used are close to those found in polluted environments. Therefore, water contaminated with BaP can potentially affect the morphology of internal organs of anurans.

scholarly journals The Modifying Role of Socioeconomic Position and Greenness on the Short-Term Effect of Heat and Air Pollution on Preterm Births in Rome, 2001–2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta ◽  
Michelozzi ◽  
Cesaroni ◽  
Sario ◽  
Badaloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Urban green spaces have been associated with health benefits, but few studies have evaluated the role of greenness on pregnancy outcomes. We examined how the association between short-term exposure to heat and air pollution on the probability of preterm delivery is affected by the spatial variation of socioeconomic position (SEP) and greenness. We analyzed a cohort of newborns in Rome, from April to October of 2001–2013, defining preterm as births between the 22nd and the 36th week of gestation. We used a time series approach, with maximum apparent temperature (MAT), PM10, NO2, and O3 as exposure variables. As greenness indicators, we considered maternal residential proximity to green spaces and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a 100m buffer around each woman’s residential address. We enrolled 56,576 newborns (5.1% preterm). The effect of a 1°C increase in temperature on the daily number of preterm births was higher in women with low SEP (+2.49% (90% CI: 1.29–3.71)) and among those living within 100 m from green spaces (+3.33% (90% CI: 1.82–4.87)). No effect modification was observed for NDVI or PM10. SEP was an important effect modifier of the heat-preterm birth relationship. The role of greenness in modifying this association between heat and preterm delivery should be further investigated.

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