scholarly journals Zakat as an Obligatory System and its Implications for Social Psychology of Society (Social Tafsīr of Sūrah Al-Tawbah: 103)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Al-Faizin ◽  
Taqiyah Dinda Insani ◽  
Tika Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Equal Degree ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Tools

In the current literature, the study of the collective benefits of Zakat is more emphasized on the material economic aspects by using modern economic tools. Meanwhile, Zakat has a significant social role in the community. Therefore, Allah mentions in Qur'an the command of Zakat and prayer together as much as 22 times. It shows that the role of Zakat socially in human relationships with each other is comparable to the relationship with God. This paper will try to explore and analyze the social role (Social Psychology) of Zakat as an obligatory system from Sūrah al-Tawbah: 103. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method by using content analysis that combines tafsīr bi al-ra’yi with tafsīr bi al-ma’thūr. By using social tafsīr, it is found that Zakat should be an obligatory system and its management must be done centrally by the government. BAZNAS can be a representation of the government to perform the task. Then, it will result in the creation of equal degree and status between mustahiq and muzakki. Meanwhile, the implication of Zakat in the context of social interaction of the society is the creation of tranquility, security, and harmony for the whole society. Keywords: Zakat, Social Tafsīr, Social Psychology

scholarly journals Encontros e desencontros em “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, e “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa / Matches and mismatches in “O menino”, by Lygia Fagundes Telles, and “Oval com pontas”, by Adriana Lisboa / Encuentros y desencuentros en “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, y “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Larissa Warzocha Fernandes Cruvinel ◽  
Renata Rocha Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Second World ◽  
Lygia Fagundes Telles

Resumo: O conto “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, publicado inicialmente em O cacto vermelho, de 1949, narra a história de um menino que enfrenta um processo de amadurecimento durante um passeio que realiza com a mãe ao cinema. O conto “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa, publicado originalmente em Contos que contam, de 2005, aproxima-se do conto de Telles ao também narrar o passeio de uma mãe com um filho, ambos inominados. Apesar da semelhança no enredo das narrativas, a prosa das duas escritoras apresenta divergências sobre a configuração das relações familiares e sobre o papel social da arte. Como considera José Paulo Paes (1998), a obra de Telles é marcada pelo desencontro nas mais diversas relações afetivas apresentadas nas tramas, o que, segundo o crítico, assinala certa desilusão dos escritores que viveram os traumas da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em contrapartida, a obra de Lisboa frequentemente aposta na superação dos traumas das personagens retratadas, além de se contrapor ao esvaziamento do papel da arte na contemporaneidade. Tendo em vista esses apontamentos, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel da arte e das relações humanas nos referidos contos. Para fundamentar criticamente a discussão, elegemos as contribuições de Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), entre outros.Palavras-chave: conto brasileiro; encontros; desencontros; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.Abstract: The tale “O menino”, by Lygia Fagundes Telles, initially published in O cacto vermelho, in 1949, narrates the story of a boy who faces a coming-of-age process when he takes a trip to the movie theater with his mother. The tale “Oval com pontas”, by Adriana Lisboa, originally published in Contos que contam, in 2005, resembles the tale written by Telles in the sense that it also narrates a mother’s trip with her son, both unnamed. Despite the similarities between the plot of both narratives, the prose of both writers presents divergences on the configuration of familiar relationships and on the social role of art. As argued by José Paulo Paes (1998), Telles’ work is marked by mismatches in several affective relationships presented in the plots, which, according to the critic, signals a certain disillusionment of the writers who lived the traumas of the Second World War. On the other hand, Lisboa’s work frequently bets on the overcoming of the traumas of the portrayed characters, in addition to counterpointing the emptying of the role of art in contemporaneity. With this in mind, this article aims to analyze how art and human relationships are configured in these tales. In order to critically ground this discussion, we elected the contributions of Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), and others.Keywords: Brazilian short story; matches; mismatches; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.Resumen: El cuento “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, publicado primeramente en O cacto vermelho, de 1949, narra la historia de un chico que enfrenta un proceso de maduración durante un paseo al cine que realiza con su madre. El cuento “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa, publicado originalmente en Contos que contam, de 2005, se aproxima del cuento de Telles al hacer, también, la narración de un paseo de una madre y su hijo, ambos sin nombre. Pese la similitud en el enredo de las narrativas, la prosa de las dos escritoras presenta distinciones sobre la configuración de las relaciones familiares y sobre el papel social del arte. Como considera José Paulo Paes (1998), la obra de Telles está marcada por el desencuentro en las más distintas relaciones de afecto presentadas en las obras, lo que, según el crítico señala una desilusión de los escritores tras los traumas vivenciados en la segunda Guerra Mundial. Contrariamente, la obra de Lisboa, a menudo, apuesta en la superación de los traumas de los personajes retratados, además de contraponerse al vacío del papel del arte en la contemporaneidad. Considerando esos aspectos, este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar el papel del arte y de las relaciones humanas en los dos cuentos. Como fundamentación, para la discusión crítica, nos basaremos en las contribuciones de Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), entre otros.Palabras-clave: cuento brasileño; encuentros; desencuentros; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.

scholarly journals Driving Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through the Companies Act: an Overview of the Role of the Social and Ethics Committee

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk J Kloppers
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

The corporate social responsibility (CSR) movement can be described as a bundle of trends comprising regulatory frameworks aimed at improving corporate practices and leading to changes in these practices, the mobilisation of corporate role players to support the development of states, and a management trend the purpose of which is to enhance the legitimacy of a business. Government is regarded as one of the most important driving forces behind the CSR agenda and it has a particularly important role to play in the creation of an enabling CSR environment. In general, advocates of legislative involvement in framing the CSR policy highlight the failure of existing voluntary systems as one of the main reasons why the state should play a more important role in the facilitation of CSR. Although governments realise the importance of encouraging socially responsible business, it should be noted that CSR should not replace regulation or legislation concerning social rights. Furthermore CSR should not be seen as shifting (or outsourcing) the state's responsibility for the provision of basic services (such as education or the provision of health services) to the private sector and thus "privatising" the state's responsibilities. However, the legacies of apartheid remain firmly entrenched in the social problems facing South Africa and it seems as if the Government is unable to deliver the social and physical infrastructure required to effect the desired transformation, thus necessitating the engagement of the private sector. The role of Government in establishing a CSR policy framework and driving CSR has become increasingly important. The (perceived) failure of the welfare state has given further impetus to the move of governments toward tapping into the resources of the private sector (through their CSR) in order to address socio-economic challenges. A purely voluntary approach to CSR without any legislative intervention will not succeed – a clear public policy requiring the implementation of socially responsible practices by the entire private sector is a necessity. Governments in general are increasingly beginning to view CSR as cost-effective means to enhance their sustainable development strategies, and as a part of their national competitiveness strategies to attract foreign direct investment. Given South Africa's history, legislation should be viewed as one of the main instruments enabling the Government to address the private sector's social, environmental and economic outreach activities.Against this background, this contribution identifies the regulations released in terms of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 in which the issue of the social and ethics committee is dealt with, as an important measure taken by Government to create a possible CSR platform. This contribution argues that the requirements regarding the creation of a social and ethics committee have the potential to embed the CSR notion in the corporate conscience. The aim of the contribution is to provide an overview of the role of the social and ethics committee, as envisaged by the Companies Regulations, 2011, as a potential driver of CSR.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

The transformation of the Russian notary in the new economic realities

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN A. KORSIK ◽  
◽  
ANASTASIYA A. PARFENCHIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
World Development

The article is devoted to the review of current changes in the legislation on notaries related to the development of electronic civil circulation, analysis of existing digital risks and assessment of the role of notaries in combating them. In modern economic realities, a significant expansion of the sphere of competence of the notary is carried out by introducing completely new notarial actions into the scope of the notary’s terms of reference. At the same time, the notary does not just follow the general ‘digital’ trend, but independently makes significant efforts to effectively perform the tasks of the social sphere regulator assigned to it by the state. The creation of the Unified Notary Information System as part of the formation of the technological infrastructure to ensure the security and stability of legal relations in the context of electronic civil circulation takes to a new level the quality of notarial services and the security of legally relevant information. The role of notaries significantly increases in conditions when the use of digital technologies in the economy, public administration, social sphere becomes one of the main vectors of world development, and society and the state inevitably face the flip side of this process – digital risks that jeopardize the safety of participants in civil turnover and their property. In 2020, as part of the implementation of the national program ‘Digital Economy’, it is planned to introduce a number of innovations that will create the basis for a stable and secure ‘digital’ turnover.

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

The 2016 Police and Crime Commissioner elections

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the 2016 elections for Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and to compare them with those that took place in 2012. It seeks to evaluate the background of the candidates who stood for office in 2016, the policies that they put forward, the results of the contests and the implications of the 2016 experience for future PCC elections. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based around several key themes – the profile of candidates who stood for election, preparations conducted prior to the contests taking place, the election campaign and issues raised during the contests, the results and the profile of elected candidates. The paper is based upon documentary research, making particular use of primary source material. Findings The research establishes that affiliation to a political party became the main route for successful candidates in 2016 and that local issues related to low-level criminality will dominate the future policing agenda. It establishes that although turnout was higher than in 2012, it remains low and that further consideration needs to be devoted to initiatives to address this for future PCC election contests. Research limitations/implications The research focusses on the 2016 elections and identifies a number of key issues that emerged during the campaign affecting the conduct of the contests which have a bearing on future PCC elections. It treats these elections as a bespoke topic and does not seek to place them within the broader context of the development of the office of PCC. Practical implications The research suggests that in order to boost voter participation in future PCC election contests, PCCs need to consider further means to advertise the importance of the role they perform and that the government should play a larger financial role in funding publicity for these elections and consider changing the method of election. Social implications The rationale for introducing PCCs was to empower the public in each police force area. However, issues that include the enhanced importance of political affiliation as a criteria for election in 2016 and the social unrepresentative nature of those who stood for election and those who secured election to this office in these contests coupled with shortcomings related to public awareness of both the role of PCCs and the timing of election contests threaten to undermine this objective. Originality/value The extensive use of primary source material ensures that the subject matter is original and its interpretation is informed by an academic perspective.

Ivory in the Chalcolithic enclosure of Perdigões (South Portugal): the social role of an exotic raw material

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Carlos Valera ◽  
Thomas Xaver Schuhmacher ◽  
Arun Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
South Portugal
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