scholarly journals Sustainable characteristics of the vernacular house and its impact to the building physics

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Enes Örnek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Right ◽  
Building Physics ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

In the historical process, human being, who has been in constant relationship with the environment that he lived in, has shaped and changed nature according to his own wishes since the day he was there. This form of development was firstly introduced in the form of protection and struggle, and later became permanent and organic by discovering the need for accommodation. Nowadays, the demand for sustainable design, products and services is growing, and the awareness of the importance of energy and fuel savings is increasing. Vernacular structures are constructed with the most suitable materials and components depending on the climatic characteristics they are in. Space organization and orientations are still depending on climate and land conditions have been created in the right way. In this paper, Vernacular Safranbolu Houses were examined in terms of sustainability, and energy efficiency properties were investigated. The layout of the houses, the planning features, the materials used in the houses and the materials resources in the region were examined. Considering the Safranbolu houses within the framework of sustainability, it can be said that these houses provide sustainability conditions in terms of planning and environment. Most of the houses have passive architectural planning features and applications that can be an example of sustainable architecture of sustainable life. The characteristics of these houses can be used in today's buildings.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

scholarly journals Conventional Selection of Mechanical Fasteners for Flat Belts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Karol Konecki ◽  
Dominik Wojtkowiak ◽  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Andrzej Kołodziej ◽  
Grzegorz Domek
Keyword(s):  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Mechanical Fasteners ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Mechanical Fastening ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Mechanical Fastener ◽  
The Right

Due to the variety of materials used for flat belts of belt conveyors and the further development of material engineering in relation to these belts, the methods of their connection become an increasingly problematic issue. The belts can be connected mainly in three ways: vulcanized (weldable or heat-weldable), glued or mechanically. The latter method is one of the simplest and most universal in terms of the material variety of belts; however, there are many design variations of mechanical fasteners, and each of them has a certain advantage in a narrow group of properties, e.g., the thickness spectrum of a conveyor belt, the minimum diameter of a drive roller or the range of transferable longitudinal loads. The objective of this paper is to analyze the design solutions of commercial mechanical fasteners used mainly for flat rubber-fabric, composite or plastic belts. To fulfill this goal, a preliminary analysis of the stress distribution for an exemplary solid mechanical fastener was carried out in two cases: during ramp-up and during circulating around the roll, followed by a detailed review of commercial solutions available on the market. In addition to determining the current state of knowledge and technology and determining the state of ignorance, special algorithm and design maps have been created, thanks to which the process of selecting the right mechanical fastening will be easier. The overview includes several tables with detailed information on individual connection properties. Additionally, several design aspects were derived, within which individual mechanical connections may differ. This is to enable the generation of customized solutions in the future by proposing an appropriate mathematical model, on the basis of which it will be possible to generate optimal design properties for a given application.

scholarly journals Implementing Sustainability in Retrofitting Heritage Buildings. Case Study: Villa Antoniadis, Alexandria, Egypt

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Naglaa Hammouda ◽  
Khaled El-Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Heritage Buildings

Sustainable design is believed to stand on the opposite side of heritage conservation. This view is supported by the fact that sustainable design requires invasive measures to implement new technologies and treatments that challenge the principle of minimum intervention in heritage conservation. Another point of view sees heritage conservation as an already act of sustainable development that protects and preserves social and cultural resources such as heritage buildings and their intangible values. On the other hand, research and practice have proven that heritage buildings can be the subjects of sustainable design projects that achieve outstanding measures of sustainability and energy efficiency while not compromising the authenticity of the heritage value of the building. This sustainable conservation reaches its peak in adaptive-reuse projects of heritage buildings as reusing the building guarantees its ongoing maintenance and promotes its social, cultural and economic values to society, while giving it the ability to withstand modern users’ comfort and energy efficiency standards. This research presents a case study of the adaptive-reuse project of Villa Antoniadis in Alexandria; a heritage building built in the mid-nineteenth century and in the process of a major adaptive-reuse project. The history and significance of the building will be studied as well as the conservation values of the current project, then some proposals for interventions that could achieve more energy efficiency for the project while conserving the building are discussed. The research included a simulation of the building, using building energy modelling software for the current adaptive-reuse project as a base case, and the hypothetical application of different proposed sustainable interventions such as thermal insulation, double glazing, shading, lighting control, natural ventilation, and photovoltaic energy generation, where the energy savings potentials for each proposed intervention were studied. The simulation proved a possible reduction of 36.5% in the cooling, heating and lighting energy consumption as well as generated 74.7% of the energy required for cooling, heating and lighting from renewable energy sources.

The Roman Imperial Cult in Smyrna

Belleten ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (276) ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
Murat Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The origins of the imperial cult in Smyrna date back to the Hellenistic period. It is a fact that political concerns were effective in the generation of such cults. Predicting the super power of the future and proving to be a loyal ally whilst acting in satisfactory behaviors were essential factors. The right preference made between two fighting or contending powers ensured that a city would benefit from various privileges in the future. For example, Symrna, which had established a cult in the city previously on behalf of Stratonice, the mother of Antiochus II of Seleucid dynasty, would do the same by building a temple in the name of the dty of Rome for the first time in Asia in 195 BC, after recognizing the rising power. Later on, while giving permission to the provinces that wanted to establish an imperial cult, the Roman emperors and the Senate would consider first, their relationships with Rome in the past and second, their origins. Smyrna, building its relationships with the Roman state on a solid basis, was granted the title of neokoros three times by the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Hadrianus and Caracalla, respectively. In this essay, the development of the Roman imperial cult in Smyrna is discussed within the historical process outlined above. An attempt has been made to put forth new opinions about the issue by discussing the academicians' evaluations on the imperial cult, which apparently was effectively executed in Smyrna between the first and third centuries AD, with the support of epigraphic and numismatic evidences.

scholarly journals Benchmarking for Energy Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mohd Zin Kandar ◽  
Siti Rasidah Md Sakip
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Building Design ◽  
User Perception ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Selection Of

Increased energy demand end to the world grew by 39% between 1990 to 2008 and further increased by 40% between 2007 to 2030. Energy consumption in buildings has been identified to contribute up to 40% of the total world. Through the selection of methods and the right strategy will reduce the problem of increase energy in buildings. Based on the theory of energy efficiency developed it can achieve through three main factors; a) building design; b) design of services; c) user behavior. This paper aims to discuss methods to benchmark user perception on energy efficiency in school buildings.Keywords: Benchmarking; energy efficiency; school building; user perceptioneISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals Words That Go Together: Teaching Collocations in the EFL Classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Tünde Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constituent Elements

Abstract Using the right collocations in a foreign language is often a challenge for language learners who may not be familiar with their use and characteristics. After presenting the types of collocations and the importance they have in the acquisition of a foreign language, the paper draws attention to the necessity of raising students’ awareness of collocations, and at the same time it reflects on possible ways of teaching them. Focusing especially on verb-noun collocations, the paper examines the learning materials used in the EFL classes at Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, with special regard to the exercises on these constructions. In line with construction grammar theories (Goldberg 1995, 1997, 2006), it is assumed that collocations are to be treated as constructions, pairings of form and meaning, including patterns with different degrees of predictability. Collocations, consisting of both predictable (e. g. read a book, blue sky) and non-predictable forms (e. g. run a program, safe and sound) can be more easily remembered if regarded as constructions where all the constituent elements contribute to the meaning of the construction as a whole (but whose meaning is more than the sum of the constituent elements). In order to gain a better understanding of collocations, the use of electronic corpora and electronic databases as well as additional materials on collocations that would complement the language materials used in class is highly encouraged. By making use of these resources, students can see examples of everyday language use and become more aware of the use of collocations as well as the similarities and differences between them in different languages.

Corrective Solutions for the Shaft with Flange Used for Fixing the Blade on a 5 kW Wind Turbine to Withstand Extreme Weather Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1029 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Rodica Bădărău ◽  
Teodor Miloş ◽  
Ilare Bordeaşu ◽  
Adrian Bej
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technical Solutions

The paper presents a case study on the original solution of a flange shaft as part of the root area of a 5 kW wind turbine blade. There were analyzed the causes that led to the shaft breakage under wind loadings in extreme weather conditions, and consequently technical solutions have been searched in order to improve the shaft design making it more reliable as mechanical strength at extreme wind loadings. The flange shaft is a welded subassembly that keeps the blades attached to the rotor hub. The first part of the paper consists in an analysis referring the loading status, the materials used for blade manufacturing, the identification of critical areas where the breaking was initiated and also the causes for which the materials assumed and specified in the technical design and manufacturing technology failed under loading at wind gusts of about 30 m/sec. Based on this preliminary analysis, the second part of the paper presents the technical solutions which were considered in reference to the materials and the improved design concept aiming to provide the right mechanical strength necessary to withstand specific wind loadings in extreme weather conditions.

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