scholarly journals FAIR FACILITY ALLOCATION IN EMERGENCY SERVICE SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058-1071
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Janáček ◽  
Lýdia Gábrišová ◽  
Miroslav Plevný
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Allocation Problem ◽  
Dynamic Programming Principle ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Problem Instances ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Average User

The request of equal accessibility must be respected to some extent when dealing with problems of designing or rebuilding of emergency service systems. Not only the disutility of the average user but also the disutility of the worst situated user must be taken into consideration. Respecting this principle is called fairness of system design. Unfairness can be mitigated to a certain extent by an appropriate fair allocation of additional facilities among the centres. In this article, two criteria of collective fairness are defined in the connection with the facility allocation problem. To solve the problems, we suggest a series of fast algorithms for solving of the allocation problem. This article extends the family of the original solving techniques based on branch-and-bound principle by newly suggested techniques, which exploit either dynamic programming principle or convexity and monotony of decreasing nonlinearities in objective functions. The resulting algorithms were tested and compared performing numerical experiments with real-sized problem instances. The new proposed algorithms outperform the original approach. The suggested methods are able to solve general min-sum and min-max problems, in which a limited number of facilities should be assigned to individual members from a finite set of providers.

Improving Productivity: An Emergency Service System in Which Cross-Trained Fire-Medics Respond to Medical Calls and Fire Incidents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Hua ◽  
Arthur Swersey ◽  
Fernando Chiyoshi ◽  
Ana Paula Iannoni ◽  
Reinaldo Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Service System

A spatial queuing model for the location decision of emergency medical vehicles for pandemic outbreaks: the case of Za'atari refugee camp

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Blank
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service System ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Location Decision ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emergency Medical

PurposeRefugee camps can be severely struck by pandemics, like potential COVID-19 outbreaks, due to high population densities and often only base-level medical infrastructure. Fast responding medical systems can help to avoid spikes in infections and death rates as they allow the prompt isolation and treatment of patients. At the same time, the normal demand for emergency medical services has to be dealt with as well. The overall goal of this study is the design of an emergency service system that is appropriate for both types of demand.Design/methodology/approachA spatial hypercube queuing model (HQM) is developed that uses queuing-theory methods to determine locations for emergency medical vehicles (also called servers). Therefore, a general optimization approach is applied, and subsequently, virus outbreaks at various locations of the study areas are simulated to analyze and evaluate the solution proposed. The derived performance metrics offer insights into the behavior of the proposed emergency service system during pandemic outbreaks. The Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan is used as a case study.FindingsThe derived locations of the emergency medical system (EMS) can handle all non-virus-related emergency demands. If additional demand due to virus outbreaks is considered, the system becomes largely congested. The HQM shows that the actual congestion is highly dependent on the overall amount of outbreaks and the corresponding case numbers per outbreak. Multiple outbreaks are much harder to handle even if their cumulative average case number is lower than for one singular outbreak. Additional servers can mitigate the described effects and lead to enhanced resilience in the case of virus outbreaks and better values in all considered performance metrics.Research limitations/implicationsSome parameters that were assumed for simplification purposes as well as the overall model should be verified in future studies with the relevant designers of EMSs in refugee camps. Moreover, from a practitioners perspective, the application of the model requires, at least some, training and knowledge in the overall field of optimization and queuing theory.Practical implicationsThe model can be applied to different data sets, e.g. refugee camps or temporary shelters. The optimization model, as well as the subsequent simulation, can be used collectively or independently. It can support decision-makers in the general location decision as well as for the simulation of stress-tests, like virus outbreaks in the camp area.Originality/valueThe study addresses the research gap in an optimization-based design of emergency service systems for refugee camps. The queuing theory-based approach allows the calculation of precise (expected) performance metrics for both the optimization process and the subsequent analysis of the system. Applied to pandemic outbreaks, it allows for the simulation of the behavior of the system during stress-tests and adds a further tool for designing resilient emergency service systems.

Modeling the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an emergency service system

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Hallstrom ◽  
Mickey S. Eisenberg ◽  
Lawrence Bergner
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Service System

scholarly journals Emergency service system for urban population: problems and directions of perfection

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
N. G. Zenkin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Regional Programs

Perfection of emergency service is one of the most important task of the structure reforming of public health protection. Currently, the main tasks are: development and application of economic mechanisms of the primary and acute medical aid control; preparation and approval of the regulation of emergency service and organization of its activity in routine and in extraordinary situations; formation of standard methodical legal foundation for optimization of the functioning of institutions, departments and emergency specialists; development of recommended models of regional programs of emergency service development and reorganization in regions of Russian Federation.

Colimit completions and the effective topos

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Robinson ◽  
Giuseppe Rosolini
Keyword(s):  
Order Type ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
The Family ◽  
Higher Types ◽  
Polymorphic Type ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Effective Operators

The family of readability toposes, of which the effective topos is the best known, was discovered by Martin Hyland in the late 1970's. Since then these toposes have been used for several purposes. The effective topos itself was originally intended as a category in which various recursion-theoretic or effective constructions would live as natural parts of the higher-order type structure. For example the hereditary effective operators become the higher types over N (Hyland [1982]), and effective domains become the countably-based domains in the topos (McCarty [1984], Rosolini [1986]). However, following the discovery by Moggi and Hyland that it contained nontrivial small complete categories, the effective topos has also been used to provide natural models of polymorphic type theories, up to and including the theory of constructions (Hyland [1987], Hyland, Robinson and Rosolini [1987], Scedrov [1987], Bainbridge et al. [1987]).Over the years there have also been several different constructions of the topos. The original approach, as in Hyland [1982], was to construct the topos by first giving a notion of Pω-valued set. A Pω-valued set is a set X together with a function =x: X × X → Pω. The elements of X are to be thought of as codes, or as expressions denoting elements of some “real underlying” set in the topos. Given a pair (x,x′) of elements of X, the set =x (x,x′) (generally written ) is the set of codes of proofs that the element denoted by x is equal to the element denoted by x′.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF THE AXIOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR THE PREVENTION OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Eleonora Medved ◽  
Valentina Sergeeva ◽  
Galina Gribkova ◽  
Olga Kiseleva ◽  
Oksana Milkevich
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Original Approach

Purpose of the study: The research goal was to determine the specifics of the axiological approach in the interaction of educational institutions and the family. Methodology: The authors analyzed the views of different researchers on the prevention of adverse childhood experiences, generalized and systematized the prior knowledge and practices of solving the problem under consideration, and proposed an original approach to dealing with this issue. This paper presents the results of the empirical research (a survey of educators, research results presentation in tables and charts, generalizations, and conclusions). Main findings: The authors substantiated the considerable potential of the axiological approach for the prevention of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), formulated valid conclusions on the nature and characteristics of socio-cultural practices as a means of preventing ACEs in the interaction between educational institutions and the family. Applications of this study: The practical significance of the study includes the possibility of disseminating effective forms and socio-cultural practices of interaction between educational institutions and the family aimed at the prevention of ACEs, as well as teaching educational practitioners the methods and techniques of interaction that feature the significance of the family and childhood, which facilitates the prevention of ACEs. Novelty/originality of this study: Using the axiological approach, which utilizes the interaction of educational institutions and the family for the prevention of ACEs, enriches the theory of education as well as social and cultural activities; it contributes to better understanding the ways of solving ACE problems.

scholarly journals The operation of an Emergency Medical Department in a county hospital from a logistic point of view

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Gábor Markó ◽  
József Gál
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
The One ◽  
Medical Attendance ◽  
The University

The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the actual emergency medical attendance through an exemplary hospital in Hungary, highlighting its possible imperfections which could perhaps be improved through further structural developments. In order to be expressive, the article follows through the journey of two nominal patients who turned up in the emergency department of the hospital. The importance of this topic is expressed by the fitful judgment of the emergency attendance. Emergency service had already existed in the United States, only later then did the one-entrance service system start to develop Hungary. In some places this system has been working well for decades, but for instance at the University of Szeged – due to the uncertain judgment of the system – the construction is just being finalized, right at the time when such studies are published that question the reason of existence of the emergency departments – at least in their actual form.

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