scholarly journals CAUSES OF VARIATION ORDERS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THE GAZA STRIP

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Enshassi ◽  
Faisal Arain ◽  
Sadi Al-Raee
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
International Consultant

The maximum project performance would be achieved if the work invariably flows smoothly within time limits and anticipated budget. Variation orders result in time delay, cost overrun, quality defects, and other negative impacts. This is common in construction projects in Gaza Strip. The main objective of this study was to analyze the causes of variation orders in construction projects in Gaza Strip. The causes of variation orders in construction process in Gaza Strip were investigated through questionnaire survey of 36 classified construction companies, 25 consultants and 15 owners. 64 causes of variation orders were identified from literature review. The study results identified the top ten most important factors that include lack of materials and equipment spare parts due to closure, change in design by consultant, lack of consultant's knowledge of available materials, errors and omission in design, conflicts between contract documents, owner's financial problems, lack of coordination among project parties, using inadequate specification for local markets by international consultant, internal politics, and change is specification by owners. In general, the study shows an agreement among owners, consultants and contractors regarding the ranking of the 64 factors causing variation orders. The results al‐so reveal that factors related to consultant are the most important causes of variation orders followed by the factors related to owner. An understanding of the causes of variation orders would be helpful for building professionals in assessing variation orders. Furthermore, the study would also assist professionals in taking proactive measures for reducing variation orders in construction projects. The findings from this study would also be valuable for all construction professionals in general. Santrauka Projektas bus efektyviausias, jei darbai vyks nuolatos ir sklandžiai, neviršijant terminu ir numatyto biudžeto. Del pake‐itimu nurodymu projektas užtrunka, viršijamos sanaudos, atsiranda kokybes trūkumu ir patiriamas kitoks neigiamas poveikis. Tai būdinga Gazos ruože vykstantiems statybu projektams. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti, kokios priežastys Gazos ruožo statybu projektuose lemia pakeitimu nurodymus. Priežastys, lemiančios pakeitimu nurodymus Gazos ruožo statybu procese, buvo tiriamos atlikus 36 tam tikros kategorijos statybos imoniu, 25 konsultantu ir 15 savininku apklausa. Apžvelgus literatūra nustatytos 64 pakeitimu nurodymus lemiančios priežastys. Atlikus tyrima, buvo nustatyti dešimt svarbiausiu veiksniu, iskaitant medžiagu ir atsarginiu irangos daliu trūkuma del uždarymo, projekto konsultanto pakeitimus, nepakankamas konsultanto žinias apie galimas medžiagas, projekto klaidas ir trūkumus, vienas kitam prieštaraujančius sutarties dokumentus, finansines savininko problemas, veiksmu koordinavimo trūkuma tarp projekto dalyviu, tarptautinio konsultanto naudojamas vietiniu rinku neatitinkančias specifikacijas, vidaus politika ir savininku pakeitimus specifikacijoje. Apskritai tyrimas rodo, kad savininkai, konsultantai ir rangovai sutaria del to, kaip pagal svarba išsidesto 64 veiksniai, lemiantys pakeitimu nurodymus. Be to, rezultatai rodo, kad su konsultantu susije veiksniai yra svarbiausios pakeitimu nurodymu priežastys, o antroje vietoje – su savininku susije veiksniai. Statybu specialistams suprantant, kokios priežastys lemia pakeitimu nurodymus, tokius nurodymus jiems vertinti būtu lengviau. Be to, tyrimas padetu specialistams imtis aktyviu priemoniu, kad statybu projektuose pakeitimu nurodymu būtu mažiau. Šio tyrimo išvados taip pat būtu naudingos visiems statybu specialistams apskritai.

Application level of lean construction techniques in reducing accidents in construction projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-293
Author(s):  
Adnan Enshassi ◽  
Nour Saleh ◽  
Sherif Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lean Construction ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Companies

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the application of lean construction (LC) techniques in reducing accidents in construction projects. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach was used to collect the required data using a questionnaire survey and descriptive analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The LC techniques that were investigated in this paper are related to the tools of the last planner system (LPS), increased visualisation (IV), 5S, error-proofing, daily huddle meetings (DHMs), first-run studies (FRS), continuous improvement (Kaizen) and accident investigation (5Whys). Findings The overall results indicated that LC techniques are poorly implemented in construction projects in the Gaza Strip. The top three LC tools used to reduce the causes of accidents in the Gaza construction projects were 5Whys, 5S and LPS, while the highest three LC techniques applied to reduce the causes of accidents that were applicable were cleaning the workplace and removing materials and machines that are not required; conducting accident investigation and root cause analysis programmes; and using safety signs and labels on site. Research limitations/implications There is a lack of information and published studies regarding the links between LC and safety, especially in the Middle East. This paper is limited to the perceptions and geographical boundaries; therefore, it cannot be generalised. However, it could form the basis for useful comparison in the future. Triangulation research method could also be used in future research to minimise the bias and validate the conclusions. Practical implications The findings of this paper will stress professionals and construction companies in Gaza to reconsider their behaviour towards using LC techniques. The findings of this paper will aid them to shift their attention and resources towards including LC techniques in their plans to reduce the causes of accidents on construction sites. Social implications The findings of this paper will encourage professionals and construction companies in Gaza to reconsider their behaviour towards using LC techniques. The findings will also aid them to shift their attention and resources towards including LC techniques in their plans to reduce and/or avoid the causes of accidents on construction. Originality/value Because of the lack of published works that are specific to the Middle East, the authors believe that the originality lies in the paper’s serious attempt to explore the application level of the LC concept to safety in this part of the world. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the applicability of LC techniques in terms of accidents reduction. Findings from this paper provide a clear picture of the current status of using LC techniques to reduce accidents in the Gazan construction projects which drive them to investigate the main barriers and try to overcome them.

scholarly journals Estimation of cost overrun in construction projects using Fuzzy Logic

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
Neelakash Haloi ◽  
◽  
Tapas Goyal ◽  
Faizan Zahoor ◽  
Harsh Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

In recent years, the impact of the construction industry on the economy of India is increasing. However, there are a number of problems that are being faced by the construction companies or contractors or other relevant stakeholders, in the completion of a construction project. One of the major problems being faced is time and cost overrun. Thus, it is important to find ways of mitigating this critical problem. One of the solutions that is being used is the prediction of the amount and time that a project might overrun beforehand i.e. estimating the overrun during the design phase itself. This prediction can be done using a number of different techniques, the important one of which used in this paper is through the use of Fuzzy Logic. It also provides a brief description about the factors that are responsible for causing this cost overrun. The factors are identified by conducting a questionnaire survey and gathering responses from the relevant stakeholders which include contractors, project engineers, architects and consultants. The responses collected are further processed and analysed using SPSS software. The top 5 factors have been selected after the analysis and further used in preparation of the fuzzy logic model in the fuzzy toolbox of MATLAB. Further, the validation of this model has been done with real-time data of projects from various published research papers. Thus, the model developed provided prediction of the percentage of the cost overrun based on the percentage input of the top five factors.

scholarly journals Different Distributional Errors-in-Circular-Variables Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 577-589
Author(s):  
ALi Hassan Abuzaid ◽  
Shokrya Alshqaq ◽  
Marawan Elkhazendar ◽  
Maryam Elburai
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Iterative Procedures ◽  
Von Mises

The modeling of functional relationship between circular variables is gaining an increasing interest. Existing models assume the errors have same distributions, but the case of different distributional errors is yet as investigated. This paper considers the modeling of functional relationship for circular variables with different distributional errors. Two functional relationship models are proposed by assuming a combination of von Mises and wrapped Cauchy errors, with a distinction between known and unknown ratio of error concentrations. Parameters of the proposed models are estimated using the maximum likelihood method based on numerical iterative procedures. The properties of parameters' estimators are investigated via an extensive simulation study. Results show a direct relationship between the performance of parameters estimates and the sample size, and the concentration parameters. For illustration, the proposed models are applied on wind directions data in two main cities in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors leading to cost and time overrun in B-O-T projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Anue Marry Mathew ◽  
Neena S Lal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Government

As infrastructural investments are vital in developing countries, it’ll not solely facilitate to foster the economic growth of a nation, however it’ll additionally act as a platform within which new kinds of partnership and collaboration may be developed. The developments of BOT have attracted participation of native and foreign non-public sector capitalist to secure funding and to deliver projects on time, within the budget and to the desired specifications. There are many complexities in projects because of the variety of factors in project’s trend and also the dependence of project primarily on national factors. Because of these complexities and their long-term operation, the projects meet with uncertainty and numerous risks. Effective risk management methods and good managerial skills are required in guaranteeing the success of the project. In recent years, due to substantial increase in the amount of construction companies along with the changes in the government administrations, the construction projects are exposed to cost and time overrun and has huge impact on the progress of works within the industry. Although, the sector is considered to be a key driver of economic growth, time and cost overruns threaten to limit the sector’s potential to help achieve the desired growth and ensure efficient capital expenditure. Keywords—BOT, cost overrun, delays, risk

scholarly journals Assessment of Causes and Effects of Variation on Construction Project Performance in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Esan Martins Taiwo ◽  
Folaranmi Kazeem Adekunle ◽  
Hassan H ◽  
Buari T. A
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
South West ◽  
Training Professionals ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Proactive Measures

The construction industry in Nigeria faces many problems, including the delay due to variations in project execution. This delay has been studied as a major setback in the Nigerian construction industry. In Nigeria, the construction industry's performance in terms of time has been observed to be poor. The objective of this study is to examine the variation of the construction project in order to determine the effect on the delivery of the project. The maximum performance of the project would be reached if the work always goes efficiently on time with the budget. The result of the variation is delay, cost overruns, quality defects and other negative impacts. The causes of variation were identified by a questionnaire survey for two higher education institutions. The results of the study identified the five main factors, including change of plan or scope, defective labour, customers' financial problems, unavailability of skills and desired profitability of the entrepreneur. In general, the study shows agreement among clients, consultants and contractors regarding the classification of the 20 factors that cause the variation. The results also reveal that factors related to clients are the main causes of variation, followed by factors related to contractors. An understanding of the causes and effects of the variation would be helpful in training professionals to assess the variation. In addition, the study would also help professionals take proactive measures to reduce the gaps on construction projects.

scholarly journals Risk management in construction projects in Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Abdirahman Jibril ◽  
Belal A. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Building Project

These days, risk management and analysis are serious issues in the effective management of construction projects, because construction projects are likely to be very dynamic, productive, diverse and increasingly competitive. Risk management helps project parties such as clients, contractors and vendors/suppliers to meet their obligations to reduce negative impacts on their works. The outcomes of the risk management method include the analysis and detection of risks, the creation of building project management systems and the efficient use of resources. The aim of this article is to find out how the Somalian construction companies see the value of construction project risks and how to manage it by dispatching a questionnaire. The total questions of the questionnaire are seventeen questions and were distributed by various participants such as clients, contractors and designers. The findings show that in the implementation of risk management techniques, the Somalian construction industry varies greatly from building companies in foreign countries. The contractor needs to consider risk obligations, dynamics of risk incidents, risk tolerance and risk control skills to handle the risks effectively and efficiently. Due to the insufficiency of experience in the attitude of Somalian entrepreneurs towards risk management is very hard to change. However, as a component of their project management, the construction companies must include risk analysis in projects. The application of risk management in Somalian construction companies is small to moderate, with little difference between organizations' types, sizes and risk tolerances and individual respondents' experience.

ATTITUDES OF CLIENTS TOWARDS UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Enshassi ◽  
Ayat Al Sweity
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
The Gaza Strip

This paper investigates the attitudes of clients towards unethical behavior in construction projects in the Gaza Strip. A questionnaire survey was adapted in this study. A total number of 220 questionnaires were distributed to construction projects clients and 162 questionnaires were returned, a 73.6% response rate. The results indicated that most respondents agreed there is a positive relationship between ethical behavior and long-term profitability of construction organizations. The majority of respondents believed improving ethical practice for professionals could improve ethical performance in construction projects, while unethical behavior may decrease quality. Respondents indicated the major difficulty in developing a strong ethical awareness is that unethical behavior is the prevailing trend within the industry. Most organizations have an ethical code of conduct, but there is great difficulty in applying it due to political and economic conditions. Respondents agreed that the most serious phase in the construction project life cycle affected by unethical behavior is the construction phase, followed by the bid evaluation phase.

scholarly journals RISK MANAGEMENT IN PROJECTS: PECULIARITIES OF LITHUANIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES / RIZIKOS VALDYMAS PROJEKTUOSE: LIETUVOS STATYBOS ĮMONIŲ SAVITUMAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerija Banaitienė ◽  
Audrius Banaitis ◽  
Artūras Norkus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Construction Project Management ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Negative Impacts

Risk analysis and management is nowadays a critical factor to successful construction project management, as construction projects tend to be more complex, dynamic, always unique, and competition increasingly tougher. risk management helps the project participants—client, contractor or developer, consultant, and supplier—to meet their commitments and minimize negative impacts on construction project scope, cost, schedule (and quality, as a Result). The benefits of the risk management process include identifying and analyzing risks, and improvement of construction project management processes and effective use of resources. This paper reports the research that aims to discover how construction companies perceive the significance of the construction projects risks they face and the extent to which they employ potential risk responses. Santrauka Šiandien rizikos analizė ir valdymas yra svarbūs sėkmingam statybos projektų valdymui, nes statybos projektai tampa vis sudėtingesni, dinamiškesni, visada unikalūs, o konkurencija tarp statybos bendrovių taip pat didėja. Rizikos valdymas padeda projekto dalyviams—užsakovui, plėtotojui, rangovui, konsultantui ir tiekėjui—vykdyti savo įsipareigojimus ir sumažinti neigiamą taką statybos projekto apimčiai, išlaidoms, tvarkaraščiui ir kokybei kaip rezultatui. Rizikos valdymo proceso metu sistemingai nustatomi, analizuojami ir reaguojama į potencialius rizikos veiksnius, todėl statybos projektai valdomi efektyviau, veiksmingai naudojami ištekliai. Šiame straipsnyje trumpai pristatomas tyrimas, kuriuo siekiama sužinoti, kaip statybos bendrovės suvokia statybos projektų rizikos veiksnius, su kuriais jiems tenka susidurti, ir kokią reagavimo strategiją ir atsakomuosius veiksmus jos renkasi.

scholarly journals Influential Factors Affecting Materials Management in Construction Projects

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Zairra Mat Jusoh ◽  
Narimah Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Conference Papers

Abstract Construction projects are more often than not plagued by poor performances such as delays, cost overrun, low productivity, construction wastes and compromised quality. Amongst the critical contributory factors of poor project performances, is the ineffectiveness of materials management occurring in the construction sites. Indeed, materials management is a very important component for construction projects. However, there are only limited numbers of research available regarding this topic. Thus, this research focuses its study on materials management, specifically in identifying the influential factors that affect materials management in the construction project activities. Literatures from books, journal articles and conference papers related to poor project performances and materials management have been reviewed. Consequently, this study sorted the salient influential factors and categorized them based on their specific group. Out of 47 factors identified, they are classified into 8 groups. They are (1) site condition; (2) planning and handling on site; (3) management; (4) materials; (5) supplier and manufacturer default; (6) transportation; (7) contractual; and (8) governmental interferences. In conclusion, this study contends that by identifying the influential factors affecting materials management, it will help construction players to avoid the occurrence of those factors and will minimize the negative impacts on the overall performance of construction projects. Hence, the handling-over of project will be according to schedule and not delayed by materials mismanagement.

دور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-132
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Happy Marriage ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Marital Education ◽  
High Level ◽  
Faculties Of Education ◽  
The University

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن دور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة, ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدم الباحثان منهج الدراسة الذي يمكنهما من تفسير الأحداث، وتحليل مضمونها؛ ولذلك اعتمدا على تحليل المضمون من المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدما أداة البحث وهي عبارة عن استبانة مكونة من (35) بنداً، وأبرز النتائج أشارت إلى أن نسبة دور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة بلغت (79,29%) وهو مستوى عال. ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لدور الجامعات في اكتساب طلبة كليات التربية لمبادئ التربية الزواجية في محافظات غزة في ضوء الكتاب والسنة تبعاً لمتغير الجنس, وتبعاً لمتغير المستوى الدراسي وتبعاً لمتغير مكان السكن. بينما يوجد فروق فردية تبعا لمتغير الجامعة لصالح الجامعة الإسلامية. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة، يوصي الباحثان بتفعيل دور الجامعات في ترسيخ مفاهيم الحياة الزواجية السعيدة. الكلمات المفتاحية: دور الجامعات – اكتساب الطلبة- التربية الزواجية. Abstract The role of universities in acquiring students of faculties of education for the principles of marital education in the governorates of Gaza in light of the Quran and Sunnah This study aimed to reveal The role of universities in acquiring students of faculties of education for the principles of marital education in the governorates of Gaza in light of the Quran and Sunnah. To achieve this goal, the researchers used a study approach that enables them to interpret the events and analyze their content. Therefore, they relied on the analytical descriptive approach and used a questionnaire as a researching tool consisting of 35 items. The most prominent results indicated that the percentage of the extent to which the students of the education faculties in the universities of the Gaza Strip governorates acquire the principles of marital education as stated in Quran and Sunnah reached 79,29%, which is a high level. There are no statistically significant differences in the extent to which the students of the education faculties in the universities of the Gaza Strip governorates acquire the principles of marital education as stated in Quran and Sunnah according to the gender variable, level variable and place of residence. There are statistically significant differences the according to the university variable in favor of Islamic University. In light of the study results, the researchers recommend activating the family role in establishing the concepts of happy marriage life. They propose making a study on marital education from an Islamic perspective. Keywords: Role of universities – Acquiring students – Marital Education

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