Occurrence of ochratoxin A and heavy metals in tissues associated with porcine nephropathy in Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
D. Milićević ◽  
V. Jurić ◽  
S. Stefanović ◽  
M. Jovanović ◽  
Z. Petrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

In order to find information on the occurrence of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy in Serbia, during a six month period (2006/2007) samples of blood, kidney and liver from individual animals were collected from healthy slaughtered pigs (n=90) and analysed by HPLC for ochratoxin A (OTA). In addition, the presence of nephrotoxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic were measured and the kidneys pathohistologically examined. Of the 90 liver samples, 26.6% contained OTA in the range of 0.22-14.5 ng/g. The incidence of OTA in serum and kidney were very similar (30 and 31.1%), but varied between 0.24-220.8 ng/ml and 0.17-52.5 ng/g, respectively. The presence of mercury was confirmed in 33.3% of kidney samples and concentrations ranged between 0.005-0.055 mg/kg, while cadmium was found less frequently (27.7% positive samples) but at higher levels (0.05-1.23 mg/kg). The presence of arsenic was found in only one sample, while lead was not detected in any sample. Histopathological examination of kidneys confirmed tubulopathies with oedema and cell vacuolisation. In addition, haemorrhages and necrosis of proximal kidney tubules' cells were found. These findings indicate that it is likely that most of the kidney injury is related to OTA and other nephrotoxic compounds which enhance the toxicity of OTA.

scholarly journals Mycotoxic porcine nephropathy and spontaneous occurrence of ochratoxin A residues in kidneys of slaughtered swine

2009 ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Verica Juric ◽  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
Miljan Jovanovic ◽  
Srdjan Stefanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Cell Vacuolization ◽  
Spontaneous Occurrence ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

In order to find information on the occurrence of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy in Serbia, during a six month period (2006/2007) samples of kidney from individual healthy slaughtered pigs were collected (n=90) and analyzed by HPLC for ochratoxin A. In addition, histological examinations were carried out. The incidence of OTA in kidney was 33,3% and varied between 0.17-52.5 ng/g. Histopathological examination of kidneys confirmed tubulopathies with oedema and cell vacuolization. In addition, hemorrhages and necrosis of proximal kidney tubules cells were found. These findings indicate that it is likely that most of the kidney injury is related to ochratoxin A and other nephrotoxic compounds which enhance the toxicity of OTA.

Drinking water heavy metal toxicity and chronic kidney diseases: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Kobra Naseri ◽  
Adeleh Esform ◽  
Hamed Aramjoo ◽  
Ali Naghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Chromium Exposure ◽  
Cadmium Lead

AbstractHeavy metals in drinking water can threat human health and may induce several diseases. The association between heavy metals exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been indicated by few epidemiological studies. We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiologic publications of the association between exposure to heavy metals through drinking water and CKD. Keywords related to heavy metals and kidney diseases on MeSH were identified and searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ovid-Medline and Web of Science until July 2020. 14 publications met our inclusion criteria and included in the current review. The included articles were conducted on the association between arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium in drinking water and CKD. Our study could not find strong evidence between heavy exposure to through drinking water and CKD, except for arsenic. The negative association was found between arsenic and lead and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The positive correlation was observed between cadmium exposure and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations, and also arsenic and chromium exposure and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1). Assessment of studies showed an association between arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium and albuminuria and proteinuria, without CKD outcomes. Current systematic study showed few evidence for exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium through drinking water and incidence of kidney problems. However, more epidemiological studies are required to confirm this association.

scholarly journals Presence of ochratoxin A and toxic elements residue in tissues and their impact on safety of pork

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 359-371
Author(s):  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Milijan Jovanovic ◽  
Verica Juric ◽  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
Srdjan Stefanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
And Task ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

The aim and task of this study was to determine the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in blood serum, liver and kidneys of fattening swine, slaughtered regularly, originating from different areas of Serbia. During meat inspection on the slaughterhouse line samples of blood, kidney and liver per animal were randomly sampled (n=90) and analyzed by HPLC for ochratoxin A. Also, the presence of nephrotoxic (cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic) elements in kidneys was carried out. Of the 90 liver samples, 26.6% contained OTA in the range of 0.22-14.5 ng/g, while the incidence of OTA in serum and kidney samples were very similar (31 and 33.3%, respectively). The analyses showed that serum samples were positive in the range of 0.22-221 ng/mL, while ochratoxin A concentrations in the kidney were between 0.17 and 52.5 ng/g. The mean distribution of OTA residue followed the pattern: serum>kidneys>liver (100>34>17), while in respect to occurrence it followed the pattern: kidneys>serum>liver (100>93.4>79.9). The results of this study showed that 2.2% of kidney sample had a content of ochratoxin A above the maximum permitted limit in Serbia of 10 ng/g. The results from this survey indicated that there was a low correlation between the OTA level in serum and liver as well as in the OTA level in kidney and liver (r=0.319 and 0.341, respectively) while the strongest correlation was found between the OTA level in serum and in kidney (r=0.973). The presence of mercury was found in 33.3% of kidney samples in the range of 0.005-0.055 mg/kg, while the presence of cadmium was found to a lesser degree (27.7%). The Hg concentrations in the kidney samples were lower than 0.10 mg/kg and did not exceed the guideline level established in Serbia, while concentration of cadmium in only one kidney sample was greater than 1.0 mg/kg, and exceeded the limit proposed by the Serbian Rule Book. The presence of arsenic was found only in one sample, while the presence of lead was not established. This study shows the presence of OTA in Serbian slaughtered pigs at levels comparable to those reported in other countries.

INFLUENCE OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE SEREPOK RIVER (VIETNAM) ON ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ORGANS OF FISH

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Ngo The Cuong ◽  
Tran Hoan Quoc ◽  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus ◽  
Water Bottom

The article focuses on the study of change of containing heavy metals (zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic) in the abiotic and biotic components of the Serepok river (Vietman) influenced by wastewater discharge from industrial areas. Heavy metal content was determined in the river water and bottom sediments in the four zones: above and within the boundaries of industrial regions Xoa Phu and Tam Thang and in two water reservoirs situated below the boundaries of those industrial areas. Tilapia Galilean ( Sarotherodon galilaeus ), Hemibagrus ( Hemibagrus ), and sazan ( Cyprinus carpio ) caught in these areas were the hydrobionts under study in which liver, gills, skeleton and muscles accumulation of heavy metals was detected. In the organs of fish caught in the river within industrial region, heavy metals concentration was 3-7 times higher. The greatest concentration of heavy metals was found in the liver and gills of fish caught in the boundaries of industrial regions, the least concentration was in the muscles. In most cases, significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in organs of fishes and in river water, bottom sediments has been revealed.

scholarly journals Cytokine signatures of end organ injury in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis G. Gómez-Escobar ◽  
Katherine L. Hoffman ◽  
Justin J. Choi ◽  
Alain Borczuk ◽  
Steven Salvatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Cell Immunity

AbstractIncreasing evidence has shown that Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) severity is driven by a dysregulated immunologic response. We aimed to assess the differences in inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to contemporaneously hospitalized controls and then analyze the relationship between these cytokines and the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and mortality. In this cohort study of hospitalized patients, done between March third, 2020 and April first, 2020 at a quaternary referral center in New York City we included adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and negative controls. Serum specimens were obtained on the first, second, and third hospital day and cytokines were measured by Luminex. Autopsies of nine cohort patients were examined. We identified 90 COVID-19 patients and 51 controls. Analysis of 48 inflammatory cytokines revealed upregulation of macrophage induced chemokines, T-cell related interleukines and stromal cell producing cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to the controls. Moreover, distinctive cytokine signatures predicted the development of ARDS, AKI and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, macrophage-associated cytokines predicted ARDS, T cell immunity related cytokines predicted AKI and mortality was associated with cytokines of activated immune pathways, of which IL-13 was universally correlated with ARDS, AKI and mortality. Histopathological examination of the autopsies showed diffuse alveolar damage with significant mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, the kidneys demonstrated glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial lymphocyte infiltration and cortical and medullary atrophy. These patterns of cytokine expression offer insight into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease, its severity, and subsequent lung and kidney injury suggesting more targeted treatment strategies.

scholarly journals The Uptake Mechanism of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) by Mycelia and Fruiting Bodies ofGalerina vittiformis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilna Damodaran ◽  
Raj Mohan Balakrishnan ◽  
Vidya K. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Analytical Tools

Optimum concentrations of heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, and zinc in soil are essential in carrying out various cellular activities in minimum concentrations and hence help in sustaining all life forms, although higher concentration of these metals is lethal to most of the life forms.Galerina vittiformis, a macrofungus, was found to accumulate these heavy metals into its fleshy fruiting body in the order Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cr(VI) from 50 mg/kg soil. It possesses various ranges of potential cellular mechanisms that may be involved in detoxification of heavy metals and thus increases its tolerance to heavy metal stress, mainly by producing organic acids and phytochelatins (PCs). These components help in repairing stress damaged proteins and compartmentalisation of metals to vacuoles. The stress tolerance mechanism can be deduced by various analytical tools like SEM-EDX, FTIR, and LC-MS. Production of two kinds of phytochelatins was observed in the organism in response to metal stress.

scholarly journals Biotechnological aspects of transformation of heavy metal salts and their detoxication in milk of milk cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Boris Dzagurov ◽  
Oleg Getokov ◽  
Vladimir Gukezhev ◽  
Taladin Kokov ◽  
Vitaly Vorokov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Experimental Group

Based on the results of previous studies on pigs and poultry, in which encouraging results of a significant decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the body were obtained, respectively, in pork, poultry and eggs, the study provided for the use of the bentonite clay of the Zamankul deposit (RNO-Alania) as an enterosorbent in relation to heavy metals and detoxification of the organism of dairy cows. In order to study the feasibility of using bentonite as an enterosorbent, studies were performed on dairy cows of the Simmental breed in the Kaloyev farm located in st. Zmeyskaya, Kirovsky district of North Ossetia-Alania. To conduct research on the principle of analog pairs, two experimental groups of cows (control and experimental, five cows in each group) of the 3rd and 4th lactation were formed. The experiment lasted for 305 days of lactation from March 2018 to January 2019. Herewith, the control group of cows was fed with a basic diet balanced in all nutritional elements, the experimental livestock, together with the main diet, daily in the composition of the concentrates was injected with crushed bentonite with a particle diameter of 4-6 mm based on the dry matter of the feed (137 g/animal). The study of the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, lead and zinc) in soil, feed, blood and milk was performed in two periods of lactation (on the 250th and 300th days of lactation). Herewith, an increased content of heavy metals in the soil was established, relative to the MPL: cadmium - 10.1; lead - 7.4; zinc - 9.7 times more, in drinking water: cadmium - 2.5 times; lead - 9.0 times and zinc - 9.7 times more, in feed: cadmium - from 1.7 to 5.3 times; lead - from 1.1 to 1.7; zinc - from 1.0 to 2.5 times the MPL. The inclusion of bentonite to the ration of the animals of the experimental group, in comparison with the control group, in both study periods (250 and 300 days of lactation) contributed to a significant decrease in the concentration of the studied heavy metals in the blood from 17 to 20%, in milk - from 16 to 18 %. The transformation ration values of heavy metals from feed into the body, respectively, into milk, were also lower in the animals of the experimental group, relative to the control.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER FLOWS IN THE AREA OF UNALSKY TAILING DUMP AND ARDON RIVER

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzerassa N. Chigoeva ◽  
Inna Z. Kamanina ◽  
Svetlana P. Kaplina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Tailing Dump ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The long history of development of deposits of lead-zinc ores of the Sadonsky mining region led to the formation of extensive halos of chemical pollution of surface watercourses. Aim. The aim of this study is to monitor surface watercourses in the area of the Unalsky tailing dumps and the Kholst deposit by points of sampling of 1992-2004. Sampling was conducted in the summer of 2016. Methods. The content of heavy metals of 2 and 3 hazard classes (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu) was studied by atomic absorption. The contribution of the Unaldon River and Unalsky tailing dump to the pollution of the Ardon River. Results. The highest content of cadmium, lead and zinc, significantly exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in the water bodies of cultural and domestic use is found in the Ardon River down from the Unalsky tailing dump. The flow of heavy metals into the Unaldon River with adit waters compared with the observation period of 1992-2004 decreased noticeably. In conditions of a reduction in the production capacity of mining and processing enterprises, the leaching of heavy metals from mountain dumps and excavations make an insignificant contribution to the pollution of the Ardon River in comparison with the Unalsky tailing dump. Conclusion. The state of the Ardon River down from the discharge from the tailing dump corresponds to the "environmental disaster" category. The condition of the rivers Mayramdon and Unaldon according to the content of heavy metals corresponds to a "relatively satisfactory" type.

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