Water and Water Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Nadiye Gür
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
World Population ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Grading ◽  
Human Health Effects

Today, there are many studies about the problems that may be faced in the context of World Water Day. In this chapter, the structure, pollution, quality grading, and human health effects of water; possible pollution prevention measures; and water safety are discussed. It is expected that the world population, which is about 7 billion currently, will rise to 9 billion by 2050. Water consumption is expected to increase at a higher rate, which is a major problem for the environment. By 2025, it has been estimated that two-thirds of the world's population will deal with water shortage. The world is not as rich in water as once thought and, hence, is at high risk for water shortage. For these reasons, we must all fulfill our responsibility to leave a habitable world to future generations.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community lifelines

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Abas ◽  
Esmat Kalair ◽  
Saad Dilshad ◽  
Nasrullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe authors present the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on community lifelines. The state machinery has several departments to secure essential lifelines during disasters and epidemics. Many countries have formed national disaster management authorities to deal with manmade and natural disasters. Typical lifelines include food, water, safety and security, continuity of services, medicines and healthcare equipment, gas, oil and electricity supplies, telecommunication services, transportation means and education system. Supply chain systems are often affected by disasters, which should have alternative sources and routes. Doctors, nurses and medics are front-line soldiers against diseases during pandemics.Design/methodology/approachThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how much we all are connected yet unprepared for natural disasters. Political leaders prioritize infrastructures, education but overlook the health sector. During the recent pandemic, developed countries faced more mortalities, fatalities and casualties than developing countries. This work surveys the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health, energy, environment, industry, education and food supply lines.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic caused 7% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during global lockdowns. In addition, COVID-19 has affected social fabric, behaviors, cultures and official routines. Around 2.84 bn doses have been administrated, with approximately 806 m people (10.3% of the world population) are fully vaccinated around the world to date. Most developed vaccines are being evaluated for new variants like alpha, beta, gamma, epsilons and delta first detected in the UK, South Africa, Brazil, USA and India. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors in society, yet this paper critically reviews the impact of COVID-19 on health and energy lifelines.Practical implicationsThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.Originality/valueThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.

The Future of Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
World Population ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Global Management ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

This concluding chapter looks at the future of water. There are two possible paths for managing water. First, if the world continues with inadequate governance and institutions, incorrect market signals, and insufficient innovations to improve efficiency and manage competing demands, most chronic water and scarcity problems will continue to worsen. The world will see a future of declining water security, freshwater ecosystem degradation, and increasing disputes and conflicts over remaining water resources. The alternative path to managing water is the one offered by this book. If, in anticipation of the coming decades of increasing water scarcity, humankind is able to develop appropriate governance and institutions for water management, instigate market and policy reforms, and address global management issues, then improved innovation and investments in new water technologies and better protection of freshwater ecosystems should secure sufficient beneficial water use for a growing world population.

scholarly journals SIG – SPRING APLICADO NA DETERMINAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE USO DAS TERRAS DA MICROBACIA DO RIBEIRÃO POUSO ALEGRE - JAÚ (SP)

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Leslie Ivana Serino Castro ◽  
Sergio Campos ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Information System ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
World Population ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
Algebraic Language

A população mundial vem sofrendo, cada vez mais, as conseqüências das agressões efetuadas pelo homem ao meio ambiente, principalmente quanto à ocupação e uso inadequado das terras, o que ocasiona empobrecimento e depauperamento do solo, influenciando na qualidade e disponibilidade de água, levando à destruição das reservas florestais. Assim, é necessária a implantação de políticas públicas, que contemplem o desenvolvimento econômico, urbano, rural e social de uma região, preservando os recursos naturais para futuras gerações. A bacia em estudo está localizada entre as coordenadas UTM 764942; 7546214 e 741816; 7534759, com uma área de 14699,7ha. Este trabalho visou definir as classes de capacidade de uso de terra da microbacia do Ribeirão Pouso Alegre - Jaú (SP) através do Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SPRING. A carta de capacidade de uso da terra foi elaborada a partir do cruzamento das cartas clinográfica e de solo, que foram elaboradas pelo SIG Spring, e o cruzamento de dados foi feito através do LEGAL - Linguagem Espacial para Geoprocessamento Algébrico.  Os resultados mostraram que a microbacia é constituída essencialmente pelas classes II e III e o SIG-SPRING permitiu através dos seus módulos discriminarem e quantificar as áreas das classes de terras, declive e capacidade de uso da terra rapidamente.   UNITERMOS: classes de capacidade de uso, geoprocessamento     CASTRO, L. I. S.,  CAMPOS, S., ZIMBACK, C. R. L., SIG-SPRING APPLIED IN DETERMINATION OF THE SOIL USE CAPACITY FOR POUSO ALEGRE WATERCSHED – JAÚ (SP)     2 SUMMARY   The world population is increasingly suffering the consequences of attacks made by mankind to the environment, especially regarding the occupation and misuse of the land, which leads to soil impoverishment and depletion, affecting the water quality and its availability leading to forest reserve destruction. Therefore, there is a need to implement public policies that address economic, urban, rural, and social development of a region while preserving its natural resources for future generations. The watershed observed in this study is located between UTM coordinates 764,942 – 741,816 and 7,546,214 – 7,534,759 with an area of 14699.7ha. This study aimed to define soil use capacity classes of Pouso Alegre Watershed – Jaú (SP) using Geographic Information System – SPRING. The ability chart to soil use was developed from crossing the declivity and soil charts, which were drawn up by GIS – SPRING and the data linking was done by LEGAL – Space for Geo-processing Algebraic Language.  The results showed that the watershed is mainly composed by classes II and III and GIS-SPRING allowed through its modules discriminating and quantifying the land classes area, slope, and capability to use it quickly.   KEYWORDS: use capability clases, geoprocessing

scholarly journals CHALLENGE OF WATER SHORTAGE IN THE WORLD AND AZERBAIJAN AND SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL SOLUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-314
Author(s):  
RAE. Z.H. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
World Population ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
Soil And Water

The rapid growth in world population and limitation of soil and water resources have caused major problem for human nutrition security in the world. only 3% of water resources are fresh water.  Accoding to the FAO report, if in the  any  country  Amount  of  fresh  water  is  less  than 1700m3   per capita, this country is faced to serous water shortage. At the present, in the 22 countries share of fresh water per capita is less than 100m3and in the 18 countries is more than 2000m3. Therefore, Azerbaijan is one of the countries which have faced serous water shortage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the factors affecting water-saving attitudes of urban life on the verge of the next century: a case study of the Mediterranean region of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goksel Akpinar ◽  
Mevlut Gul ◽  
R. Figen Ceylan ◽  
Sinem Gulcan
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
World Population ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The World Food and Agriculture Organization claims the percentage of the overall world population that will suffer from water scarcity and water stress by 2025 is estimated as 34% and 15%, respectively. Accordingly, it can be estimated that 40% of the 9.4 billion estimated world population will face water shortages by 2050. In this case, the ownership and efficient use of water stand out as common concerns for all communities in the world for today and for the future. In this research, the attitudes of consumers towards water saving were identified and factors that affect these attitudes were analysed within a sample from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The survey was conducted through a face-to-face survey with 965 households in three Turkish provinces in 2009. SPSS statistical package was used for factor analysis to determine the affecting factors. Variables affecting water-saving decisions were reduced to seven factors via 0.792 KMO value. These seven factors explained 62.18% of the total variation in water-saving consciousness of the target group. Accordingly, it was understood that marketing policies should focus on water crisis awareness, environmental awareness, anxiety about water shortage, residential area characteristics, water pricing, the current awareness level and social willingness on reduction of water use to cope with possible problems.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Agro-ecology as a Solution to Hunger in the World: A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Adidja ◽  
J. Mwine ◽  
J. G. M. Majaliwa ◽  
J. Ssekandi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Uses

Evidence from different studies has revealed a great contribution of agro-ecology in solving the world hunger sustainably. Agro-ecology addresses the problems and limitations of industrial agriculture such as inequalities, increased poverty and malnutrition rate, and environment degradation especially climate change; which are the roots causes of hunger in the world and hinder its eradication. In meeting these goals, agro-ecology raises the availability of food by augmenting yields considerably and increasing urban agriculture; it rises the accessibility of food by decreasing poverty; and upsurges the appropriateness of food by offering a food which is of high-quality nutritional, healthy and socially accepted or adopted. This farming system also contributes to water security and to the respect of the right to water and hygiene by lessening the pressure on water resources, growing the flexibility to water shortage and diminishing the frequency of battles among conflicting water uses; and therefore, enhances food security and the apprehension of the right to adequate food. Agro-ecology contributes in conserving biodiversity and natural resources, in increasing resilience to climate change and combating the extenuation challenge, in growing control of peasants upon agricultural and food systems, and in empowering Women as well.

EFFECTS OF USING SEAWATER IN THE MIXING AND CURING OF CONCRETE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel Moussawel
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
World Population ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
The World ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Furnace Slag

The U.N. evaluates that in 2050 the world population will increase about three point five billion, mostly in evolving countries that have underwent potable water crises. Furthermore, over half of the world population will unable to provide sufficient amounts of drinking water. Consequently, it is absolutely crucial to study ways to save freshwater. The use of seawater, which accounts for 97 percent of all the water present on Earth, is very essential. This thesis studies the use of seawater instead of freshwater in the mixing and curing of structural concrete in order to reduce future water shortage and aid in the evolution of concrete technology. Concrete mixed and cured with seawater is studied in terms of fresh and hardened properties. Results include an expected early accelerated rate of gain in compressive strength and presumably no direct effect on the rate of corrosion of reinforcement when compared to concrete mixed and cured with freshwater. Also, the type of concrete’s effect was studied by using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and by partial replacement of OPC with Blast-Furnace Slag Cement (BFSC).

scholarly journals Indus Water Treaty: Threats of Abrogation, Plans for Revision and Prospects of Survivability

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 375-388
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad ◽  
Naveeda Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Zubair
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Water Treaty ◽  
Water Issues

Indus Basin Treaty which was brokered by the World Bank for resolving water issues between Pakistan and India. Despite persistent hostilities and wars between the two arch-rivals, the treaty has functioned well and is still crucial for Pakistans water security and peace of the region. However, owing to increasing tension of water shortage in both Pakistan and India strains arise over the treaty. Growing Pakistani demands for water and sustained Indian construction of hydropower projects, as well as other dams on western rivers, have raised threats regarding the survivability of the treaty. Presently the treaty has come under intense threats after Uri attacks. Due to this incident some Indian commentators recommended abrogation, while some circles proposed revision of the treaty. However, questions arise whether revision of the treaty suit Pakistans interests? Will the treaty survive in the face of current crisis? What is Pakistans current stand on the issue?

The Instruments of the Stabilization Fund: The Experience and Prospects

2004 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst. Afanasiev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The World

Сreation of the stabilization fund has become the main feature of the Russian federal budget for 2004. This instrument provides the opportunity to reduce the dependence of budget incomes on the fluctuations of oil prices. The accepted model does not consider the world experience in building of such funds as the "funds for future generations", and the increase of other revenues from the growing oil prices as well. That can lead to shortening and immobilization of the financial basis of economic growth.

Making Human Rights a Reality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Population ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions

In the last six decades, one of the most striking developments in international law is the emergence of a massive body of legal norms and procedures aimed at protecting human rights. In many countries, though, there is little relationship between international law and the actual protection of human rights on the ground. This book takes a fresh look at why it's been so hard for international law to have much impact in parts of the world where human rights are most at risk. The book argues that more progress is possible if human rights promoters work strategically with the group of states that have dedicated resources to human rights protection. These human rights “stewards” can focus their resources on places where the tangible benefits to human rights are greatest. Success will require setting priorities as well as engaging local stakeholders such as nongovernmental organizations and national human rights institutions. To date, promoters of international human rights law have relied too heavily on setting universal goals and procedures and not enough on assessing what actually works and setting priorities. This book illustrates how, with a different strategy, human rights stewards can make international law more effective and also safeguard human rights for more of the world population.

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