Medical Informatics

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sanjay P. Sood ◽  
Sandhya Keeroo ◽  
Victor W.A. Mbarika ◽  
Nupur Prakash ◽  
Ankur Seth
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
New Entrants

It is claimed that seeds of ‘medical informatics’ were sown in 1960s.From this time until the 1990s experts have described the discipline as emerging. This perennial state of advancement can be dedicated to the pioneers of medical informatics who constantly realign its frontiers as the need changes for the rapid developments in the techniques pertaining to organization, processing, management and use of information. During this evolution, researchers and practitioners have made notable attempts to define medical informatics. As a result, today we have a noteworthy collection of peer-reviewed definitions of medical informatics. These definitions not only enlighten us with different perspectives and applications of medical informatics but they also provide a measure of the proliferation of this domain’s content. Many of these definitions of medical informatics are unique and explanatory in their respective inferences and contexts. Hence, collectively they can form a larger picture of medical informatics. Lack of clarity about a domain can prove to be counterproductive for new entrants and may also deflect their energies into relatively unrewarding directions. In order to throw light on various perspectives of ‘medical informatics’ and to understand the evolving meaning of the domain, we carried out a systematic review of formal definitions of medical informatics. An analysis was also performed by mapping 36 peer-reviewed definitions with MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) descriptors relevant to medical informatics. We believe that this research would serve as a handy and an informative resource and may also catalyze further research.

scholarly journals ROBÓTICA NA ASSISTÊNCIA AO IDOSO COM DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER: AS VANTAGENS E OS DESAFIOS DESSA INTERVENÇÃO.

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisangela Gisele Do Carmo ◽  
Marisa Silvana Zazzetta ◽  
José Luiz Riani Costa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Subject Headings

A crescente demanda de idosos com doença de Alzheimer (DA) faz da dependência da assistência uma realidade cada vez maior, neste sentido, a robótica surge como uma das possíveis alternativas de amparo a estes idosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar mediante revisão de literatura a robótica de assistência para os idosos com DA, no mundo e no Brasil e, discutir o impacto social e as limitações causados pela utilização dessas tecnologias. Utilizou-se o método de revisão sistemática com pesquisa em bases de dados científicos, como SciELO, PubMED, LILACS, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, SAGE, Scopus, entre outros. A ferramenta StArt (State of the Art through Systematic Review) foi utilizada com a finalidade de sumarizar os estudos. Selecionamos artigos de acesso livre e acesso restrito. Os descritores controlados e não controlados foram pesquisados em portais de terminologias em saúde: Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Identificou-se 132 artigos científicos, destes, 19 foram selecionados pela ferramenta StArt e considerados elegíveis para esta revisão.  Dentre os projetos desta revisão, observa-se que a grande maioria podem ser utilizada em idosos nos estágios leves e moderada da DA, dado que, nestes estágios, funções motoras e cognitivas ainda podem se encontrar preservadas. Conforme visto nos resultados desta revisão, diversas tecnologias apresentadas necessitam da assistência do cuidador, para programações prévias dos equipamentos. Assim, preparar os cuidadores torna-se importante para o correto funcionamento destas tecnologias. A presença do cuidador é fator chave e não pode ser substituída. Embora a aquisição de tecnologias avançadas, como por exemplo, um robô facilite a autonomia e possibilite maior independência, o fortalecimento de vínculos afetivos e das relações interpessoais são aspectos insubstituíveis para a qualidade de vida do idoso. A pesquisa evidencia de forma clara, como vários fatores socioeconômicos e culturais de um país, influenciam no processo de implementação da robótica de assistência para idosos acometidos por DA. 

Lisdexamfetamine and mood disorders: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol Ano 7 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Anderson Sousa Martins da Silva ◽  
Isabela Caldas Mosconi ◽  
Michelle Alefe Alves Cury ◽  
Sonia Maria Motta Palma
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate ◽  
Sindrome Metabolica ◽  
Subject Headings

Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura na base de dados MEDLINE para avaliar os efeitos e o perfil de segurança do uso de lisdexanfetamina (LDX) em pacientes com transtorno depressivo (TD) e transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB), utilizando apenas medical subject headings (MeSH). Foram utilizados os seguintes termos para a busca: “depressive disorder” [MeSH] OR “bipolar disorder” [MeSH] AND “lisdexamfetamine dimesylate” [MeSH]. Somente artigos em português e inglês foram selecionados, sem limitação de período. Como critério de inclusão para o nosso estudo, utilizamos apenas artigos que observaram perfil dos efeitos do uso de LDX em pacientes que apresentavam transtornos do humor, podendo apresentar transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade comórbido ou não. Foram selecionados oito artigos, mas apenas cinco foram incluídos na síntese narrativa. Encontramos poucos dados sobre o uso de LDX em transtornos do humor, mas os resultados demonstram um uso possível para potencializar o tratamento e reduzir prejuízos cognitivos em pacientes com TD e na melhora dos parâmetros da síndrome metabólica em pacientes com TAB.

scholarly journals What is the risk of prostate cancer mortality following negative systematic TRUS-guided biopsies? A systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040965
Author(s):  
Sandra Miriam Kawa ◽  
Signe Benzon Larsen ◽  
John Thomas Helgstrand ◽  
Peter Iversen ◽  
Klaus Brasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Prostate Biopsies

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) following initial negative systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsies.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase were searched using a string combination with keywords/Medical Subject Headings terms and free text in the search builder. Date of search was 13 April 2020.Study selectionStudies addressing PCSM following initial negative TRUS biopsies. Randomised controlled trials and population-based studies including men with initial negative TRUS biopsies reported in English from 1990 until present were included.Data extractionData extraction was done using a predefined form by two authors independently and compared with confirm data; risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies when applicable.ResultsFour eligible studies were identified. Outcomes were reported differently in the studies as both cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier estimates have been used. Regardless of the study differences, all studies reported low estimated incidence of PCSM of 1.8%–5.2% in men with negative TRUS biopsies during the following 10–20 years. Main limitation in all studies was limited follow-up.ConclusionOnly a few studies have investigated the risk of PCSM following initial negative biopsies and all studies included patients before the era of MRI of the prostate. However, the studies point to the fact that the risk of PCSM is low following initial negative TRUS biopsies, and that the level of prostate-specific antigen before biopsies holds prognostic information. This may be considered when advising patients about the need for further diagnostic evaluation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019134548.

The use of eHealth to promote physical activity in people living with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Adam McDermott ◽  
Ciaran Haberlin ◽  
Jonathan Moran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ehealth Intervention ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: People living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are less active than healthy individuals. Ehealth is an emerging concept in healthcare which presents opportunities to promote physical activity (PA) in people with PD. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the effectiveness of ehealth in the promotion of PA in people living with PD. METHODS: Suitable articles were searched for using EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and OVID Medline databases using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings. Articles were included if they described an ehealth intervention designed to promote PA in people living with PD. Two reviewers screened studies for suitability and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool and the Downs and Black risk of bias checklist. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, a narrative synthesis of study interventions and results was completed rather than a quantitative analysis. RESULTS: 1449 articles were screened. Four studies met the eligibility criteria which included 652 participants. Web and mobile applications were used to design the PA interventions. PA levels were measured using self-reported questionnaires, Fitbits, activity monitors and accelerometers. Three of the studies reported improvements in aspects of PA. However, this was not consistently reported in all study participants. No adverse effects, a high level of enjoyment and a relatively low attrition rate (∼12.5%) were reported. CONCLUSION: Ehealth is a safe and feasible intervention to promote PA in this population. It is unclear whether ehealth is effective at promoting PA in people with PD. Keywords:

Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Midface Augmentation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily N. Trinh ◽  
Amar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Filler Injections ◽  
Subjective Measurements ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractInjectable fillers represent one of the most requested minimally invasive treatments to rejuvenate the aging face, and its popularity is steadily rising. A vast majority of filler treatments are with hyaluronic acid (HA). The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate patient outcomes, safety profile, and administration techniques of various HA fillers for malar augmentation. A systematic review of the published literature was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and included PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct databases. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms used were “cheek” OR “midface” OR “malar” and “filler” OR “hyaluronic acid” OR “Juvederm” OR “Restylane” OR “Perlane” OR “Belotero.” The initial search identified 699 articles; 256 duplicates were removed. Additional 12 studies were identified from reference lists. A total of 455 were screened by title and abstract and 387 studies were eliminated based on criteria. Also, 68 articles underwent full-text review, and 18 articles were included in the final review and involved seven different HA formulations. Men and women from many age groups were highly satisfied with their results following HA treatment for midface augmentation up to 24 months. The most common adverse events included bruising, swelling, and tenderness, and typically lasted no more than 2 weeks. Upper cheek filler injections near the zygoma should be placed in the submuscular plane while lower cheek injections should be placed in the subcutaneous tissue. HA is an attractive choice for midface augmentation due to its high patient satisfaction, long-lasting effects, and low side-effect profile. Due to the variability in technique, level of expertise, and subjective measurements across studies, one optimal regimen could not be concluded. However, midface augmentation treatment should be personalized to each patient. Additional clinical trials are required to more conclusively determine the most appropriate approach for this procedure.

scholarly journals Immune modulators in disease: integrating knowledge from the biomedical literature and gene expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nophar Geifman ◽  
Sanchita Bhattacharya ◽  
Atul J Butte
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Expression Arrays ◽  
Gene Expression Arrays ◽  
Subject Headings

Abstract Objective Cytokines play a central role in both health and disease, modulating immune responses and acting as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This work takes a systems-level approach for integration and examination of immune patterns, such as cytokine gene expression with information from biomedical literature, and applies it in the context of disease, with the objective of identifying potentially useful relationships and areas for future research. Results We present herein the integration and analysis of immune-related knowledge, namely, information derived from biomedical literature and gene expression arrays. Cytokine-disease associations were captured from over 2.4 million PubMed records, in the form of Medical Subject Headings descriptor co-occurrences, as well as from gene expression arrays. Clustering of cytokine-disease co-occurrences from biomedical literature is shown to reflect current medical knowledge as well as potentially novel relationships between diseases. A correlation analysis of cytokine gene expression in a variety of diseases revealed compelling relationships. Finally, a novel analysis comparing cytokine gene expression in different diseases to parallel associations captured from the biomedical literature was used to examine which associations are interesting for further investigation. Discussion We demonstrate the usefulness of capturing Medical Subject Headings descriptor co-occurrences from biomedical publications in the generation of valid and potentially useful hypotheses. Furthermore, integrating and comparing descriptor co-occurrences with gene expression data was shown to be useful in detecting new, potentially fruitful, and unaddressed areas of research. Conclusion Using integrated large-scale data captured from the scientific literature and experimental data, a better understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying disease can be achieved and applied to research.

Tromboprofilaxia gestacional para mulheres com predisposição ao tromboembolismo venoso: uma revisão sistemática

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Vanon Moreira ◽  
Aline Batista Brighenti dos Santos ◽  
Júlia Abrahão Lopes ◽  
Cecília Barra de Oliveira Hespanhol
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Tromboembolismo Venoso ◽  
Subject Headings

Introdução: O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade materno-fetal. Isso porque, durante a gestação, a predisposição a essa condição eleva-se em virtude do estado de hipercoagulabilidade do sangue da mãe, já que durante esse período a gestante apresenta fatores de risco para os três componentes da tríade de Virchow. Dessa forma, há: a) estase venosa, pela diminuição do tônus venoso e obstrução do fluxo venoso pelo aumento do útero; b) hipercoagulabilidade, com aumento da geração de fibrina, diminuição da atividade fibrinolítica e aumento dos fatores de coagulação II, VII, VIII e X, além de queda progressiva nos níveis de proteína S e resistência adquirida à proteína C ativada; e c) lesão endotelial decorrente da nidação e do remodelamento vascular das artérias uteroespiraladas com o parto e com a dequitação placentária. Apesar de tais fenômenos serem necessários para o controle hemorrágico da mulher durante e após o parto, pode ocorrer obstrução de vasos placentários, acarretando abortos de repetição, descolamento prematuro de placenta e hipertensão arterial materna. Objetivo: Analisar a tromboprofilaxia gestacional recomendada para mulheres com risco de TEV. Material e Método: Em março de 2021, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática na base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), utilizando os descritores: “hematologic pregnancy complications”; “treatment”; “venous thromboembolism”; e suas variações, obtidas do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados (ECCR), publicados nos últimos cinco anos e na língua inglesa. Resultados: Encontraram-se 24 artigos, dos quais seis foram empregados para a confecção deste trabalho. Dois ECCR selecionados envolveram 4.258 grávidas com predisposição ao TEV, as quais foram divididas em grupo controle e grupo experimental. Ambos os estudos utilizaram um tratamento profilático antes e depois da gestação e relataram a necessidade de submeter toda grávida a uma avaliação de risco para TEV. Em caso positivo, é recomendada a utilização de heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) como principal agente de escolha profilática. A respeito da terapia pós-gestacional, postula-se o uso de HBPM e de meias compressivas por sete dias após o nascimento da criança, salvo em mulheres que já utilizavam anticoagulantes antes da gravidez - as quais precisam ingerir o medicamento por seis semanas. Conclusão: As mudanças anatômicas que ocorrem no organismo da mulher tornam as gestantes suscetíveis aos riscos de um evento trombótico durante a gravidez. Dessa forma, um tratamento profilático adequado é essencial para evitar a mortalidade obstétrica na ausência de um manejo adequado. Nesse quesito, destaca-se o uso de HBPM e de meias compressivas.

Structural and Functional MRI Brain Changes in Patients with Schizophrenia Following Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Jiang ◽  
Mingjun Duan ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Dezhong Yao ◽  
Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Induced Changes

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder typically characterized by multidimensional psychotic syndromes. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment option for medication-resistant patients with SZ or to resolve acute symptoms. Although the efficacy of ECT has been demonstrated in clinical use, its therapeutic mechanisms in the brain remain elusive. Objective: This study aimed to summarize brain changes on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) after ECT. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was carried out. The PubMed and Medline databases were systematically searched using the following medical subject headings (MeSH): (electroconvulsive therapy OR ECT) AND (schizophrenia) AND (MRI OR fMRI OR DTI OR DWI). Results: This review yielded 12 MRI studies, including 4 with sMRI, 5 with fMRI and 3 with multimodal MRI. Increases in volumes of the hippocampus and its adjacent regions (parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala) as well as insula and frontotemporal regions were noted after ECT. fMRI studies found ECT-induced changes in different brain regions/networks, including the hippocampus, amygdala, default model network, salience network and other regions/networks that are thought to highly correlate with the pathophysiologic characteristics of SZ. The results of the correlation between brain changes and symptom remissions are inconsistent Conclusion: Our review provides evidence supporting ECT-induced brain changes on sMRI and fMRI in SZ and explores the relationship between these changes and symptom remission.

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