Investigation into Gender Perception toward Computing

2012 ◽  
pp. 305-319
Author(s):  
Kittipong Laosethakul ◽  
Thaweephan Leingpibul ◽  
Thomas Coe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
The Impact

A potential explanation for the decline of female participation in computing-related education and careers in the United States is the perception that computing is for males. In this regard, declining participation limits diversity in the IT workforce. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of two psychological factors, computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy, on gender perception toward computing between American male and female students. The authors also investigate whether the same relationship is found in India, where, while computing is dominated by males, female participation is rapidly increasing due to global IT outsourcing.

Investigation into Gender Perception toward Computing

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Kittipong Laosethakul ◽  
Thaweephan Leingpibul ◽  
Thomas Coe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
The Impact

A potential explanation for the decline of female participation in computing-related education and careers in the United States is the perception that computing is for males. In this regard, declining participation limits diversity in the IT workforce. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of two psychological factors, computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy, on gender perception toward computing between American male and female students. The authors also investigate whether the same relationship is found in India, where, while computing is dominated by males, female participation is rapidly increasing due to global IT outsourcing.

The Ranking Of Terminal And Instrumental Values By Working Professionals In Thailand, Singapore And The United States: What Is Important And How Do They Impact Decision-Making?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natcha Limthanakom ◽  
William Lauffer ◽  
Bahaudin G. Mujtaba ◽  
Edward F. Murphy, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Instrumental Values ◽  
Western Values ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to explore gender and cross-cultural gender differences with respect to individual values. This study will fill a gap in the research literature as few studies have explored male and female value differences in Thailand and few have explored sex differences between eastern values as compared to western values in the United States and another eastern nation, Singapore. An understanding of the attitudes, cultures and values in other countries becomes particularly significant given current globalization trends. Furthermore, researchers also need to understand different demographics to better anticipate the impact of socio-demographic variation in cross-cultural investigations.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the alcohol-mediated modulation of BLA network states

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa DiLeo ◽  
Pantelis Antonoudiou ◽  
Spencer Ha ◽  
Jamie Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Network States ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
The Impact

About 85% of adults in the United States report drinking alcohol in their lifetime. Mood disorders, like generalized anxiety disorder and major depression, are highly comorbid with alcohol use. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is an area of the brain that is heavily implicated in both mood disorders and alcohol use disorder. Importantly, modulation of BLA network/oscillatory states via parvalbumin-positive (PV) GABAergic interneurons has been shown to control the behavioral expression of fear and anxiety. Further, PV interneurons express a high density of δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors (GABAARs), which are sensitive to low concentrations of alcohol. Our lab previously demonstrated that δ-subunit-containing GABAARs on PV interneurons in the BLA influence voluntary ethanol intake and anxiety-like behavior in withdrawal. Therefore, we hypothesized that the effects of alcohol may modulate BLA network states that have been associated with fear and anxiety behaviors via δ-GABAARs on PV interneurons in the BLA. Given the impact of ovarian hormones on the expression of δ-GABAARs, we examined the ability of alcohol to modulate local field potentials (LFPs) in the BLA from male and female C57BL/6J and Gabrd-/- mice after acute and repeated exposure to alcohol. Here, we demonstrate that acute and repeated alcohol can differentially modulate oscillatory states in male and female C57BL/6J mice, a process which involves δ-GABAARs. This is the first study to demonstrate that alcohol is capable of altering network states implicated in both anxiety and alcohol use disorders.

Psychological factors related to choking under pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Iwatsuki ◽  
Judy Van Raalte ◽  
Britton Brewer ◽  
Albert Petipas ◽  
Masanori Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Division I ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Choking Under Pressure ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
And Performance

Tennis players who focus on their skill execution and self-regulation are likely to improve in training. On the other hand, focusing on performance too much (reinvestment) can result in “paralysis by analysis” and performance decrements. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between reinvestment, self-regulation, and perceived choking under pressure among 180 collegiate male and female tennis players from NCAA Division I in the United States (78 players), and from League I in Japan (102 players ). Results indicated that a focus on skill execution via self-regulation was positively associated with conscious motor processing and negatively associated with perceived choking. This means that tennis players who consciously control their movement are less likely to perceive themselves as choking under pressure.

The Labor Market Impact of Mandated Employment Verification Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Cynthia Bansak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Verification Systems ◽  
The Impact

Employment verification systems covered about one out of four people hired in the United States in 2010. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of state-level employment verification mandates on the employment and wages of likely unauthorized workers across the entire United States between 2004 and 2010. We find that E-Verify mandates, particularly those covering all employers, significantly curtail the employment likelihood of likely unauthorized male and female workers. However, they appear to have mixed effects on wages and may redistribute likely unauthorized labor towards industries often benefiting from specific exclusions, such as agriculture or food services.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Sölle ◽  
Theresa Bartholomäus ◽  
Margitta Worm ◽  
Regine Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

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