Image Spam

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Keyword(s):  
Digital Equipment Corporation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Spam Detection ◽  
Marketing Manager ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Image Spam ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Digital Equipment

In order to understand the never-ending fights between developers of anti-spam detection techniques and the spammers; it is important to have an insight of the history of spam mails. On May 3, 1978, Gary Thuerk, a marketing manager at Digital Equipment Corporation sent his first mass email to more than 400 customers over the Arpanet in order to promote and sell Digital's new T-Series of VAX systems (Streitfeld, 2003). In this regard, he said, “It's too much work to send everyone an e-mail. So we'll send one e-mail to everyone”. He said with pride, “I was the pioneer. I saw a new way of doing things.” As every coin has two sides, any technology too can be utilized for good and bad intention. At that time, Gary Thuerk would have never dreamt of this method of sending mails to emerge as an area of research in future. Gary Thuerk ended up getting crowned as the father of spam mails instead of the father of e-marketing. In the present scenario, the internet receives 2.5 billion pieces of spam a day by spiritual followers of Thuerk.

Electronic Mail Security

2011 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin I. Achugbue
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Mail ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mail Address ◽  
E Mail

The chapter focuses on the history of the internet system of e-mail; e-mail security; threat to e-mail security, usefulness of e-mail address and country codes, how e-mails can be secured by the individual and electronic mail policy. The future of e-mail security is also described.

scholarly journals From Archangels to Virtual Pilgrims: A Brief History of Papal Digital Mobilization as Soft Power

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Johannes Ludwig Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Benedict Xvi ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Mail

The perpetual public display of successful mass mobilization and pilgrimage has become a pillar of papal soft power. During the 20th century, the papacy had repeatedly demonstrated its ability to use new technologies for public communication, media content production and mass mobilization. John Paul II endorsed the establishment of the first Vatican website and an official papal e-mail account, which provided Catholics a new form of communication with the Holy Father. During the pontificate of Benedict XVI, the papacy created several Twitter accounts, which would become the backbone of papal digital mobilization. Francis built on the success of his predecessors as he initiated the modernization of the Holy See’s media department. However, with the growth of the Internet and the stress test of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mechanics of mobilization, pilgrimage and power have considerably changed. With the religious role of the popes taken as a given, the paper looks into the history of papal mobilization, the role of the Internet and why it is not used to its full potential yet.

scholarly journals An Observation and Experimental Evaluation of Image Spam Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5892-5896
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Spam Detection ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Image Spam ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Background Pattern

In belonging to other supports duel beside researchers of image spam detections, unsolicited mail have newly developed the image based spam dodge to construct the investigation of e-mails’ content of text unsuccessful. To avoid signature based recognition, it involves in implanting the unsolicited text or message into an appendage image, which is frequently arbitrarily customized. Identifying image based spam emails tries out to be an motivating illustration of the problem text embedded in images were subjected to noise such as background pattern, color, font variations and imperfections in a font size so as to eliminate the chances of being identified as unsolicited e-mail by classification techniques. In this research paper we spring a exhaustive review and categorization of machine learning and classification systems suggested so far in contradiction of image based spam email, and make an empirical investigation and correlation of few of them on real, widely accessible data sets.

scholarly journals Weighted k-Nearest Neighbour for Image Spam Classification

2021 ◽  
pp. 1036-1045
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Salih ◽  
Ban N. Nadim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Spam Detection ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Image Spam ◽  
E Mail

E-mail is an efficient and reliable data exchange service. Spams are undesired e-mail messages which are randomly sent in bulk usually for commercial aims. Obfuscated image spamming is one of the new tricks to bypass text-based and Optical Character Recognition (OCR)-based spam filters. Image spam detection based on image visual features has the advantage of efficiency in terms of reducing the computational cost and improving the performance. In this paper, an image spam detection schema is presented. Suitable image processing techniques were used to capture the image features that can differentiate spam images from non-spam ones. Weighted k-nearest neighbor, which is a simple, yet powerful, machine learning algorithm, was used as a classifier. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed schema as it is evaluated over two datasets. The first dataset is a real and benchmark dataset while the other is a real-like, modern, and more challenging dataset collected from social media and many public available image spam datasets. The obtained accuracy was 99.36% and 91% on benchmark and the proposed dataset, respectively.

scholarly journals Gagliardone, Iginio. 2019. China, Africa, and the Future of the Internet. London: Zed Books.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Stanislav Myšička
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
International Relations ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Foreign Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Mail

He holds a PhD and is Assistant Professor at the Department of Politics, Philosophical Faculty, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. He specialises in Chinese modern history, Chinese foreign politics, international relations in Asia, and the history of Asian political thinking. He is the author of the book John Rawls a Teorie Mezinárodních Vztahů [John Rawls and the Theory of International Relations]. E-mail: [email protected]

A hitchhiker’s guide to microscopy and microanalysis using telecommunications, e-mail, and the Internet

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Communication Software ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
E Mail

The Information SuperHighway, Email, The Internet, FTP, BBS, Modems, : all buzz words which are becoming more and more routine in our daily life. Confusing terminology? Hopefully it won't be in a few minutes, all you need is to have a handle on a few basic concepts and terms and you will be on-line with the rest of the "telecommunication experts". These terms all refer to some type or aspect of tools associated with a range of computer-based communication software and hardware. They are in fact far less complex than the instruments we use on a day to day basis as microscopist's and microanalyst's. The key is for each of us to know what each is and how to make use of the wealth of information which they can make available to us for the asking. Basically all of these items relate to mechanisms and protocols by which we as scientists can easily exchange information rapidly and efficiently to colleagues in the office down the hall, or half-way around the world using computers and various communications media. The purpose of this tutorial/paper is to outline and demonstrate the basic ideas of some of the major information systems available to all of us today. For the sake of simplicity we will break this presentation down into two distinct (but as we shall see later connected) areas: telecommunications over conventional phone lines, and telecommunications by computer networks. Live tutorial/demonstrations of both procedures will be presented in the Computer Workshop/Software Exchange during the course of the meeting.

Pengembangan Sistem VOIP Menggunakan Server Issabel Versi 4.0 dan Tunnel EOIP pada OMNI Hospital Alam Sutera

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Elly Mufida ◽  
David Wardana Agus Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Open Source ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Backup Path ◽  
E Mail

The VoIP communication system at OMNI Hospital Alam Sutera uses the Elastix 2.5 server with the Centos 5.11 operating system. Elastix 2.5 by the developer has been declared End of Life. The server security system is a serious concern considering that VoIP servers can be accessed from the internet. Iptables and fail2ban applications are applications that are used to limit and counteract those who try to attack the VoIP server. One application that can be used as an open source VoIP server is the Issabel Application version 4.0. The migration process from Elastix 2.5 application to Issabel 4.0 by backing up all configurations in the Elastix 2.5 application through a web browser including the configuration of endpoints, fax, e-mail, asterisk. After the backup file is downloaded then upload the backup file to the Issabel 4.0 application then run the migration process. Adding a backup path as a failover connection is needed because the VoIP communication protocol between the OMNI Hospitals Group still uses one path so that when there is a problem in the connection path, the communication protocol will stop. The tunnel EoIP is a protocol used as a backup path between the OMNI Hospitals Group site.

Solving the Internet Jurisdiction Puzzle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Privacy Law ◽  
History Of

Internet jurisdiction has emerged as one of the greatest and most urgent challenges online, severely affecting areas as diverse as e-commerce, data privacy, law enforcement, content take-downs, cloud computing, e-health, Cyber security, intellectual property, freedom of speech, and Cyberwar. In this innovative book, Professor Svantesson presents a vision for a new approach to Internet jurisdiction––for both private international law and public international law––based on sixteen years of research dedicated specifically to the topic. The book demonstrates that our current paradigm remains attached to a territorial thinking that is out of sync with our modern world, especially, but not only, online. Having made the claim that our adherence to the territoriality principle is based more on habit than on any clear and universally accepted legal principles, Professor Svantesson advances a new jurisprudential framework for how we approach jurisdiction. He also proposes several other reform initiatives such as the concept of ‘investigative jurisdiction’ and an approach to geo-blocking, aimed at equipping us to solve the Internet jurisdiction puzzle. In addition, the book provides a history of Internet jurisdiction, and challenges our traditional categorisation of different types of jurisdiction. It places Internet jurisdiction in a broader context and outlines methods for how properly to understand and work with rules of Internet jurisdiction. While Solving the Internet Puzzle paints a clear picture of the concerns involved and the problems that needs to be overcome, this book is distinctly aimed at finding practical solutions anchored in a solid theoretical framework.

scholarly journals Associative Blockchain for Decentralized PKI Transparency

Cryptography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Xavier Boyen ◽  
Udyani Herath ◽  
Matthew McKague ◽  
Douglas Stebila
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Public Key Infrastructure ◽  
Public Key ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Model ◽  
User Adoption ◽  
Browser Extension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Client Side

The conventional public key infrastructure (PKI) model, which powers most of the Internet, suffers from an excess of trust into certificate authorities (CAs), compounded by a lack of transparency which makes it vulnerable to hard-to-detect targeted stealth impersonation attacks. Existing approaches to make certificate issuance more transparent, including ones based on blockchains, are still somewhat centralized. We present decentralized PKI transparency (DPKIT): a decentralized client-based approach to enforcing transparency in certificate issuance and revocation while eliminating single points of failure. DPKIT efficiently leverages an existing blockchain to realize an append-only, distributed associative array, which allows anyone (or their browser) to audit and update the history of all publicly issued certificates and revocations for any domain. Our technical contributions include definitions for append-only associative ledgers, a security model for certificate transparency, and a formal analysis of our DPKIT construction with respect to the same. Intended as a client-side browser extension, DPKIT will be effective at fraud detection and prosecution, even under fledgling user adoption, and with better coverage and privacy than federated observatories, such as Google’s or the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s.

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