Attitude Formation and Attitude Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Supriya Srivastava ◽  
Kuldeep Chand Rojhe
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Attitude Formation ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Attitude Object ◽  
The Core

The study of attitudes formation and attitude change are two defining features at the core of social psychology. An attitude is a set of beliefs that people hold in relation to an attitude object, where an attitude object is a person, a product, or a social group. Since attitudes have been a strong influence on human behavior, social psychologists have viewed attitudes as important to understand behavior of individuals. Firstly, the chapter will introduce the concept of attitude with social psychological perspective. Attitude formation is important to understand to know why people hold different attitudes and how attitudes help to predict their behavior. In the second section, distinct ways of attitudes formation are discussed. It is also important to understand how attitudes influence in decision making, which is also discussed in the next section of the chapter. In the later section, changing processes of attitudes have been discussed.

Social reflection, performed role-conformant and role-discrepant responsibility, and the unity of responsibility: a social psychological perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald A. Mieg
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Complexity Hypothesis ◽  
Social Psychological Perspective

AbstractThis paper contributes to the study of responsibility as a social fact (Durkheim), combining research from social psychology, philosophy, and sociology. The pivotal concept is social reflection that serves to better understand how responsibility is performed in different social situations. The paper presents an experiment, providing evidence for, inter alia, the central complexity hypothesis: Under a complex perspective (implying increased social reflection) more responsibility is performed than under a less complex perspective (implying less social reflection). The paper concludes with considerations on the principle and unity of responsibility.

Conservation and human behaviour: lessons from social psychology

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya A. V. St John ◽  
Gareth Edwards-Jones ◽  
Julia P. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Species Declines

Despite increased effort from non-governmental organisations, academics and governments over recent decades, several threats continue to cause species declines and even extinctions. Resource use by a growing human population is a significant driver of biodiversity loss, so conservation scientists need to be interested in the factors that motivate human behaviour. Economic models have been applied to human decision making for many years; however, humans are not financially rational beings and other characteristics of the decision maker (including attitude) and the pressure that people perceive to behave in a certain way (subjective norms) may influence decision making; these are characteristics considered by social psychologists interested in human decision making. We review social-psychology theories of behaviour and how they have been used in the context of conservation and natural-resource management. Many studies focus on general attitudes towards conservation rather than attitudes towards specific behaviours of relevance to conservation and thus have limited value in designing interventions to change specific behaviours (e.g. reduce hunting of a threatened species). By more specifically defining the behaviour of interest, and investigating attitude in the context of other social-psychological predictors of behaviour (e.g. subjective norms, the presence of facilitating factors and moral obligation), behaviours that have an impact on conservation goals will be better understood, allowing for the improved design of interventions to influence them.

Theory in Social Psychology: Seeing the Forest and the Trees

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov Trope
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Psychological Theories

The phenomena social psychology seeks to explain–how people think, feel, and act in response to social situations–are rich and diverse. Therefore, explanatory power, the simplicity of a model relative to its empirical scope, is an important desideratum for social psychological theories. A model achieves high explanatory power to the extent that it integrates narrower models within a unified conceptualization, reconciles conflicting findings, and makes novel predictions regarding specific phenomena. This article first relates explanatory power to the various facets of scientific inquiry (modeling, derivation, observation, evaluation, and decision) and then discusses this criterion as a guide for 2 theory-based lines of research my colleagues and I have conducted in the area of social judgment and decision making.

scholarly journals The Reform of Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Bringing the Findings of Social Psychology into the Debate

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-581
Author(s):  
Myriam Gicquello
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Current System ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article introduces the findings of social psychology, especially group psychology, into the study of investment arbitration. It argues that arbitrators as members of small groups (i.e. tribunals or divisions in an Investment Court) might be subjected to a number of influences inherent to such collective settings—factors already proven to be at play in domestic courts. In turn, identifying those factors provides an opportunity to reduce their impact on the decision-making of legal adjudicators through the implementation of adequate remedies. Adopting one of the most popular models of group decision-making—groupthink— this article discusses the manifestations and implications of this theory for Investor-State Dispute Settlement both in its ad hoc and institutionalized forms. Specifically, it claims that the Investment Court defended by the EU and generally posited in some agreements might not be that different from the current system from a socio-psychological perspective, and hence could be further improved.

scholarly journals Physical Laws and Human Behavior: A Three-Tier Framework

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mousavi ◽  
Shyam Sunder
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modeling Behavior ◽  
Physical Laws

Social sciences start by looking at the social-psychological attributes of humans to model and explain their observed behavior. However, we suggest starting the study of observed human behavior with the universal laws of physics, e.g., the principle of minimum action. In our proposed three-tier framework, behavior is a manifestation of action driven by physical, biological, and social-psychological principles at the core, intermediate, and top tier, respectively. More broadly, this reordering is an initial step towards building a platform for reorganizing the research methods used for theorizing and modeling behavior. This perspective outlines and illustrates how a physical law can account for observed human behavior and sketches the elements of a broader agenda.

Social Psychological Approaches to Intergroup Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine H. Greenaway ◽  
Cindy Gallois ◽  
S. Alexander Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Communication and social psychology have much in common. Both fields seek to answer basic questions about human behavior: how do we persuade and influence others? How do we develop and maintain social connections? When and why do relationships break down? But despite overlap in the questions they ask, social psychology and communication have remained remarkably separate disciplines, with vastly different research philosophies, methods, and audiences. It is important to interrogate the theoretical threads connecting communication and social psychology in the arena of intergroup communication, in order to bring the lenses of both fields to this arena. In particular, the construct of identity is woven through communication and social psychology research, and connects both fields to intergroup relations and communication. Paradoxically, issues of identity—how it is created, shaped, and signaled by the social contexts we inhabit—are frequently overlooked in both fields; in the future, there should and will be much more emphasis on the impact of identity in intergroup communication.

On Social Psychological Handy Work: An Interpretive Review of The Handbook of Social Psychology, Second Edition

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1120
Author(s):  
Richard M. Merelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Selective Perception ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This paper reviews the new Handbook of Social Psychology, with a special eye towards its utility for political scientists. The review focuses on theory, methodology, substantive areas of social psychological research, and political applications of social psychological findings. Special attention is paid to Handbook articles of particular merit and application to political science. These include articles on cognitive theory, experimentation, observational analyses and sociometry, as well as articles which add to our knowledge of such politically important problems as reasoning, compliance, and decision making. Throughout, important findings relevant to the operations of politics are spotlighted. These include, inter alia, cognitive biases towards the perception of unequal influence, the “risky shift,” constraints on selective perception, and characteristics of leadership behavior. Omissions, theoretical flaws, and errors due to the “datedness” of findings are also discussed.

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