STEM for All

2021 ◽  
pp. 1598-1612
Author(s):  
Betty Burston ◽  
Shartriya Collier-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Educational Pipeline ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
American Economy

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts are the very foundation of the contemporary and futuristic way of life for the United States and other socio-political entities as well. Yet, growth in STEM education participation has, despite programs of intervention, remained sluggish, rendering an American economy that has become increasingly dependent upon imported STEM talent. This chapter argues that the asymmetric outcomes that are observable across the educational pipeline reflect unique barriers to entry that are not only based upon IQism, but socioeconomic as well as socio-cultural diversity. Utilizing a review of selected literature, the thesis is introduced that a STEM-for-all movement is needed that remediates STEM exclusion. Throughout the discussion, strategies are recommended for policymakers, institutions of education, communities, and families in reversing the growth of a new STEM-based system of social stratification.

STEM for All

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-288
Author(s):  
Betty Burston ◽  
Shartriya Collier-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Educational Pipeline ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
American Economy

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts are the very foundation of the contemporary and futuristic way of life for the United States and other socio-political entities as well. Yet, growth in STEM education participation has, despite programs of intervention, remained sluggish, rendering an American economy that has become increasingly dependent upon imported STEM talent. This chapter argues that the asymmetric outcomes that are observable across the educational pipeline reflect unique barriers to entry that are not only based upon IQism, but socioeconomic as well as socio-cultural diversity. Utilizing a review of selected literature, the thesis is introduced that a STEM-for-all movement is needed that remediates STEM exclusion. Throughout the discussion, strategies are recommended for policymakers, institutions of education, communities, and families in reversing the growth of a new STEM-based system of social stratification.

Liberating Afghan Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Afghan Women ◽  
The Media ◽  
Policy Priority

Public opinion in the United States and elsewhere celebrated the liberation of Afghan women following the defeat of the Taliban government. The United States promised to stay in Afghanistan and foster security, economic development, and human rights for all, especially women. After years of funding various anti- Soviet Mujahidin warlords, the United States had agreed to help reconstruct the country once before in 1992, when the Soviet-backed government fell, but had lost interest when the warlords began to fight among themselves. This time, however, it was going to be different. To date, however, conditions have not improved for most Afghan women and reconstruction has barely begun. How did this happen? This article explores media presentations of Afghan women and then compares them with recent reports from human rights organizations and other eyewitness accounts. It argues that the media depictions were built on earlier conceptions of Muslim societies and allowed us to adopt a romantic view that disguised or covered up the more complex historical context of Afghan history and American involvement in it. We allowed ourselves to believe that Afghans were exotic characters who were modernizing or progressing toward a western way of life, despite the temporary setback imposed by the Taliban government. In Afghanistan, however, there was a new trope: the feminist Afghan woman activist. Images of prominent Afghan women sans burqa were much favored by the mass media and American policymakers. The result, however, was not a new focus on funding feminist political organizations or making women’s rights a foreign policy priority; rather, it was an unwillingness to fulfill obligations incurred during decades of American-funded mujahidin warfare, to face the existence of deteriorating conditions for women, resumed opium cultivation, and a resurgent Taliban, or to commit to a multilateral approach that would bring in the funds and expertise needed to sustain a long-term process of reconstruction.

scholarly journals Improving Undergraduate Life Science Education for the Biosciences Workforce: Overcoming the Disconnect between Educators and Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. es12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thompson ◽  
Joseph Sanchez ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Judy Costello ◽  
Amrita Madabushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
College And University ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Undergraduate Institutions ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Undergraduate Programs

The BioHealth Capital Region (Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC; BHCR) is flush with colleges and universities training students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines and has one of the most highly educated workforces in the United States. However, current educational approaches and business recruitment tactics are not drawing sufficient talent to sustain the bioscience workforce pipeline. Surveys conducted by the Mid-Atlantic Biology Research and Career Network identified a disconnect between stakeholders who are key to educating, training, and hiring college and university graduates, resulting in several impediments to workforce development in the BHCR: 1) students are underinformed or unaware of bioscience opportunities before entering college and remain so at graduation; 2) students are not job ready at the time of graduation; 3) students are mentored to pursue education beyond what is needed and are therefore overqualified (by degree) for most of the available jobs in the region; 4) undergraduate programs generally lack any focus on workforce development; and 5) few industry–academic partnerships with undergraduate institutions exist in the region. The reality is that these issues are neither surprising nor restricted to the BHCR. Recommendations are presented to facilitate improvement in the preparation of graduates for today’s bioscience industries throughout the United States.

scholarly journals Greater female first author citation advantages do not associate with reduced or reducing gender disparities in academia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1297
Author(s):  
Mike Thelwall ◽  
Pardeep Sud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Author Citation ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Weak Tendency

Ongoing problems attracting women into many Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects have many potential explanations. This article investigates whether the possible undercitation of women associates with lower proportions of, or increases in, women in a subject. It uses six million articles published in 1996–2012 across up to 331 fields in six mainly English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The proportion of female first- and last-authored articles in each year was calculated and 4,968 regressions were run to detect first-author gender advantages in field normalized article citations. The proportion of female first authors in each field correlated highly between countries and the female first-author citation advantages derived from the regressions correlated moderately to strongly between countries, so both are relatively field specific. There was a weak tendency in the United States and New Zealand for female citation advantages to be stronger in fields with fewer women, after excluding small fields, but there was no other association evidence. There was no evidence of female citation advantages or disadvantages to be a cause or effect of changes in the proportions of women in a field for any country. Inappropriate uses of career-level citations are a likelier source of gender inequities.

The Dynamics of Negotiated Protectionism

1987 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Aggarwal ◽  
Robert O. Keohane ◽  
David B. Yoffie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Domestic Firms ◽  
Exit Barriers ◽  
Cartel Theory ◽  
Textiles And Apparel ◽  
Voluntary Export Restraints ◽  
Over Time

Recent protectionism by the United States has principally taken the form of negotiated barriers to trade, such as voluntary export restraints. These barriers tend to evolve over time and to display three patterns, which we label institutionalized, temporary, and sporadic protectionism. Cartel theory and studies of the politics of protection suggest that the dynamics of negotiated protectionism will depend on three variables: the barriers to entry into an industry, the size of the domestic industry, and the exit barriers for domestic firms. Low barriers to entry will lead to institutionalized protectionism when the domestic industry is large and exit difficult; temporary protectionism results when the domestic industry is small and exit easy; and sporadic protectionism is likely when barriers to entry are high. Brief studies of U.S. protectionism in textiles and apparel, steel, footwear, televisions, and automobiles illustrate the value of this framework.

Capital Movements and Government Control

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Wright ◽  
Maureen Appel Molot
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Economic Dependence ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
General Elections ◽  
American Economy

Canadian anxiety about increasing involvement with the American economy is partly based on a deeply rooted conviction that economic dependence necessarily brings political dependence in its wake. That conviction was at the bottom of the Canadian rejection of proposals of reciprocity with the United States in the general elections of 1891 and 1911. It has also been explicitly recognized as an underlying rationale of Canadian policy toward the United States in the Department of External Affairs's recent paper on Canadian-American relations.

Revisioning Cultural Diversity Through Music and Dance Curricula

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Kadidia V. Doumbia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Reality

Many schools express a commitment to diversity, yet curriculum focus and student outcomes demonstrate a clear Euro-centrism. Cultural diversity is a sociocultural and political reality in most countries nowadays, and particularly in the United States. Nevertheless, to understand this factor and to include it in the system of education is a difficult path to walk through.

International Trade and United States Economic Development Revisited

1961 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Macesich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Initial Disturbance ◽  
Disturbing Factor ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
American Economy

Mr. Williamson's comments on my article leave the issue between us ambiguous. I welcome this opportunity further to develop my own views regarding the turbulent period of the 1830's and early 1840's.First of all, I believe that Williamson has overstated his case in attributing to me disregard of the importance of internal events in the United States. I advanced the hypothesis that the primary disturbing factor in the period 1834–1845 was an increase, and then a decrease, in the flow of funds into the United States, and the problem I wished to examine was the response in the American economy to this initial disturbance. As indicated in my article, the emphasis placed on external factors does not mean that internal events in the United States were negligible.

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