Macroeconomic Activity and Role of Zaka in Achieving Economic Stability (Aggregate Supply and Economic Variable): الزكاة والنشاط الاقتصادي الكلي ودورهما في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي (العرض الكلي والمتغيرات الاقتصادية)

The duty of Zaka is one of the important financial resources of the Islamic state, it is also an effective tool to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality between society members. As it guarantees a regular flow of funds every year which is spent in specified channels. The obligation of Zaka has a crucial role in economic recovery because of three main factors, which prohibit hoarding, promoting investment, and encourage spending.so that is why the duty of Zaka is accomodate with economics principles. This research aims to clarify and show the economic impact of Zaka fund development through theoretical, mathematical, and graphical analysis on macroeconomics variables which is related to Aggregate Supply. Researcher used theoretical, mathematical, graphical approaches for explanation economic variables. and used deductive approach through shows the effect of zakat on the aggregate supply. researcher concludes that the duty of Zaka is an effective economic tool, and its impact on the economy is cumulative, so it is considered one of the injection elements in the Islamic economy by preventing leakage, through prohibit hoarding, that’s why it has a positive impact on the supply of human and capital resources. The researcher recommends to work on promoting the revival of Zaka, and the Zakat should be compulsory not voluntary through laws and regulations.

Compilation and analysis of international from-whom-to-whom financial stock table for Japan, Korea, the United States, and China

This paper discusses the development of international flow of funds accounts; it compiles and analyzes such accounts with a focus on the global financial crisis. For this purpose, we compile from-whom-to-whom financial stock tables for Japan, Korea, the United States, and China and combine these tables to generate a four-country international from-whom-to-whom financial stock table. Input–output analyses reveal that nonfinancial corporations in the four countries have the largest liability power-of-dispersion and that the Japanese government’s liability power-of-dispersion is large. In contrast, the financial institution sector in Japan has the largest asset power-of-dispersion. In the future, the table could be expanded to include other major Asia–Pacific countries and linked to Euro-area from-whom-to-whom financial stock tables to provide a global from-whom-to-whom financial stock table.

An Analysis About The Impact of Monetary Policy Shocks On The Flow of Funds Account: The Case of Iran

The flow of funds account provides information on various economic sectors’ financial transactions. The present study has investigated the impact of monetary shocks on the dynamics of lending and borrowing of various economic sectors such as households, non-financial enterprises, the banks, the Central Bank of Iran (CBI), the government, and the foreign sector as well as the changes in financial assets and liabilities of mentioned sectors. An accurate analyzing in this regard could provide helpful guidance in making the appropriate policies for influencing macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, a FAVAR model was employed using data from 1973-2017. It was concluded that monetary shocks increased both the acquisition of new financial assets and the issuance of new liabilities of various national economic sectors and the banks were net borrowers from other economic sectors while other sectors – except the non-financial enterprises and the government that response with a delay– were net lenders in the first year. However, all national economic sectors turned into lenders and the foreign sector had become the borrower after the first year is passed. The reason for this appears to be the difference between domestic and foreign interest rate. Net capital outflow occurs for two years significantly.

PHYSICAL INVESTMENT FINANCING IN THE CZECH CORPORATE SECTOR

The aim of this article is to identify the structure of physical investment financing in the Czech corporate sector. The data used in the conducted analyzes are derived from national accounts and more specifically the two accounts included in the accumulation accounts, ie.: the capital account and financial account. The article uses the methodology of net sources of finance initially developed by C. Mayer. It uses the flow of funds rather than stock data.

The ADB COVID-19 Policy Database: A Guide to Understanding Changes in Sectoral Balances and Private Sector Financial Positions in 2020

The Asian Development Bank COVID-19 Policy Database recently added an entry on sector financial balances (SFBs). This addition to the policy database provides information for 35 economies on the financial positions of the private sector, government sector, and the rest of the world, which by construction add up to 0. Data used to calculate SFBs are obtained directly from flow-of-funds accounts. When this source is not available, we obtain data from the national accounts. We use SFBs to understand why the private sector balance moved into a large surplus in 2020. We argue that this surplus is a mirror image of the fiscal deficit.

Participatory Democracy of Women in Rural India: A Field-based Experience of Palli Sabha from Odisha

Participatory democracy has gained special attention in India in recent years as it leads to transparent governance by means of decentralization and participation of citizens. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 provided a new space for democratic participation at the village level called Gram Sabha. In Odisha, it is called Palli Sabha (PS). The 73rd Amendment aims at providing better governance and promotes democratic participation of the downtrodden people, especially women and people belonging to the Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST). This study examines women’s participation in PS and their general perceptions about it in rural Odisha. In-depth interviews were conducted with 60 women respondents in six villages under the panchayat of Remuna Block in Balasore District of Odisha for that purpose. The findings of the study revealed that participation of women in PS is not satisfactory. Women have great apathy for participation and many of them are unaware of the usefulness of PS meetings and the flow of funds from government. Patriarchal society and low level of education lead to low interest among women members in panchayats.

The preferred type of financial intelligence for early detection of terrorist financing activities

Purpose This paper aims to inform the readers about the preferred type of financial intelligence for early detection of terrorist financing activities. Design/methodology/approach Literature review methodology was adopted to find the existing approaches of financial intelligence and logical reasoning was applied to sort out what type of financial intelligence is more preferable for early detection of terrorist financing activities. Findings It was found that proactive financial intelligence executed through financial intelligence tools is the most preferred type of financial intelligence for early detection of terrorist financing activities. Research limitations/implications The research will pave the way for further research on how to design financial intelligence tools for the early detection of terrorist financing activities. Practical implications The financial intelligence units will use the preferred type of financial intelligence for the early detection of terrorist financing activities. Social implications It will help to establish peace in the society by thwarting terrorist conspiracies because early detection of terrorist financing through financial intelligence tools will stop the flow of funds to and from terrorists. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in distinguishing proactive financial intelligence from reactive financial intelligence.

Pengembangan Usaha Pada Kelompok Pengrajin Ukiran Batok Kelapa di Desa Tampaksiring Kabupaten Gianyar

The handicraft industry in Bali has enormous potential as a driving force for the community economy. One of the small handicraft industries in Bali which is famous for its artistic touch is coconut shell crafts in Tampaksiring Village which is located in the north of Gianyar Regency. Mr. Made Sarjana and Mr. Wayan Supuma are service partners as well as owners of the Coconut Shell handicraft business in Tampaksiring Village. The problems faced by coconut shell handicraft business owners in Tampaksiring Village are lack of understanding of strategies to improve their business, how to market their products online and do not have the ability to process good financial transaction recording. Through socialization related to marketing mix strategies, it is carried out to overcome obstacles related to limited marketing coverage areas, through assistance related to the use of websites, it is hoped that it can help partners in marketing their products online and through providing knowledge related to simple financial records, it is hoped that it can help partners in knowing the flow of funds out and in. that happened.