Extremophiles in Sustainable Bioenergy Production as Microbial Fuel Cells

2022 ◽  
pp. 286-307
Author(s):  
Mukta Kothari ◽  
Leena Gaurav Kulkarni ◽  
Divita Gupta ◽  
Rebecca Thombre
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Engineering Constraints

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is considered one of the renewable sources of energy for the production of bioelectricity from waste. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental considerations, MFC haa garnered increasing importance as it is a sustainable and environmentally-friendly method of generation of bioenergy. In MFC, electroactive bacteria (EAB) and biofilms are harnessed to convert organic substances to electrical energy. Extremophiles survive in extreme environments, and they have demonstrated potential applications in microbial electrical systems (MES) and MFC technology. The key limitations of MFC are the low power output and engineering constraints of the fuel cell. Hence, it is imperative to understand the genetics, key metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms of the EAB for enhancing the power generation in MFC. This chapter gives a brief overview of the scope and applications of extremophiles in wastewater treatment, bioelectricity, and biohydrogen production using MFC, eventually enhancing the functional efficiency of MFC.

Current Status of Fuel Cell Technologies

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Ni
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Principal Characteristic ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device for electricity generation using hydrogen fuel. The principal characteristic of a fuel cell is that it can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with higher efficiencies than conventional mechanical systems. The emission of fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel is only water vapour. Fuel cells are currently under development for both stationary and mobile applications in response to the need for sustainable energy technology. This paper reviews current status of fuel cell technologies, compares different types of fuel cells. The potential applications of fuel cells are discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JENIS ELEKTRODA TERHADAP POWER DENSITY PADA MICROBIAL FUEL CELL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vidia Wahyu Meidy Safitri ◽  
Tuhu Agung Rachmanto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRAK Limbah cair tahu mengandung kandungan organik tinggi dengan konsentrasi COD 1408 mg/l, TSS 191 mg/l dan pH 4,46.  Salah satu penelitian dengan pemanfaatan limbah dan energi yaitu Microbial Fuel cell (MFC). Energi Kimia senyawa organik dari mikroorganisme akan dirubah menjadi energi listrik dengan reaksi katalik dari mikroorganisme dalam keadaan anaerob merupakan proses microbial fuel cells. Salah satu tantangan untuk mengembangkan sistem MFC adalah dengan memilih elektroda yang tepat. Elektroda yang digunakan harus memiliki daya konduktifitas listrik tinggi, pemukaan yang luas, non korosif, biokompatibel, stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memgetahui jenis elektroda optimum dalam menghasilkan power density dengan variasi elektroda karbon grafit, seng dan tembaga, variasi waktu 0, 48, 96, 144, dan 192 jam. Dilakukan pre-treatment koagulasi flokulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MFC dengan elektroda karbon grafit dan karbon grafit menghaslikan power density sebesar 2292,994 mW/m2. MFC juga menurunkan konsentrasi COD hingga 88%. Waktu pengolahan dapat mempengaruhi efisiensi penyisihan COD.   Kata kunci: limbah tahu, microbial fuel cell, power density   ABSTRACT   Tofu liquid waste contains high organic content with a COD concentration of 1408 mg / l, TSS 191 mg / l and pH 4.46. One of the researches related to waste and energy utilization is Microbial Fuel cell (MFC). Chemical energy organic compounds from microorganism will be converted into electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganism in anaerobic conditions is a process of microbial fuel cells. One of the challenges to developing an MFC system is to choose the right electrodes. The electrodes used must have high electrical conductivity, a wide surface, non-corrosive, biocompatible, stable. This study aims to find out the most optimum type of electrode in producing power density with variations of carbon graphite, zinc and copper, variations of 0, 48, 96, 144, and 192 hours. The pre-treatment are Coagulation-flocculation. The results showed that MFC with carbon graphite and carbon graphite electrodes produced a power density of 2292,994 mW/m2. MFC also reduces COD concentrations up to 88%. Processing time can affect the efficiency of COD removal.   Keywords: Tofu Liquid Waste, Microbial Fuel Cells, power density

Structural and Electrical Study of Boron Doped Ceria Ceramics Electrolytes for SOFC

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jafar Hussain ◽  
Basharat Ahmed ◽  
M. Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Rizwan Raza ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

Abstract The world’s present reserves in terms of fossil fuels are exhausting speedily. Such rapid energy consumption can be caused of unsustainable worldwide progress. Therefore, the researcher’s challenge is to identify the most efficient and economical energy conversion method to provide a viable replacement for the ongoing conventional energy converters. In this context, fuel cell technology (solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)) can play a key role and convert hydrocarbon energy into electrical energy. The conventional electrolyte YSZ based SOFCs work at high temperature ∼1000 °C. In this present research, the new ceramics electrolytes materials boron doped ceria (BDC) have been developed by auto-combustion technique. The prepared materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM. The crystallite sizes of all prepared samples are in the range of 50–80 nm applying Scherer’s formula. The electrical studies and fuel cell performance have been completed at temperature ≤ 700 °C. The doping of boron into ceria has significantly improved the electrical conduction of pure ceria oxide which has been studied using four-probe setup. The maximum ionic conductivity and power density of B0.20:Ce0.80 (molar ratio) electrolyte material named as E4 have been achieved and found to be 0.09 S/cm at 700 °C and 198.125 mW/cm2 at 650 °C. It has been observed that all electrochemical results are consistent with the doping of boron into ceria.

scholarly journals Microbial Fuel Cell and its Efficiency in Treating Wastewater - a Novel Technique for Wastewater Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
B Antony Fantin ◽  
S Ramesh ◽  
J S.Sudarsan ◽  
P Vanamoorthy Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Good Energy

Due to depletion of coal and other natural fuel there is an urgent need to find eco-friendly and workable technology for alternate energy. Microbial fuel cells is considered as assuringmethod to extract energy from various sources of wastewater and to generate electricity. But, due to practical limits, MFCs are still unsuitable to meet high power demands. Since wastewater contains several contaminants including organic substances, therefore, generation of electric energy from wastewater using MFC can offer an alternate solution for electricity issue as well as to reduce environmental pollution. Microbial fuel cells harvest electrical energy from wastewater with the help of microorganisms present within the wastewater. The energy confined in organic matter converted in to useful electric current. In Microbial Fuel Cell electrons from the microorganisms transfer from a reduced electron donor to an electron acceptor at a higher electrochemical potential. The study highlights that wastewater with high organic content found to be more effective and it also gives good energy production. If the same concept implemented in large scale it can help in achieving sustainable development and it helps in achieving 3R formula in the process of wastewater treatment. 

scholarly journals Electricity Production From Peat Water Uses Microbial Fuel Cells Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Lisa Utami ◽  
Lazulva Lazulva ◽  
Yuni Fatisa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Water Uses ◽  
Maximum Voltage

This study aims to study how the potential of peat water as a source of electrical energy using Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology. Observations were made on two chamber vessel reactors (anodes and cathodes) and connected to electrochemical cell circuits (voltaic cells) and voltage values were measured, current, power density generated from the circuit for 9 days.The results of the measurement of the maximum voltage value, the maximum current generated and the maximum power density (8th day) of the reactor are obtained as follows: 50.8 mV, 1 µA and 3.64 x 10-2 mW / m2

scholarly journals Bioelectricity Production through Microbial Fuel Cell: Sustainable Energy Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Kumar Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Materials Used

Current world is facing the twin crisis of energy security due to depletion of non renewable energy sources and climate change caused by green house effect. This has led the researchers to think for various alternatives for sustainable energy production. Fuel cell technology has emerged as one of the potential options for generating clean and efficient energy. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device for the conversion of chemical energy stored in organic compounds into electrical energy with the help of different microorganisms. For practical application of MFC, the main factors that are considered are efficiency and low costs. Efficiency of MFC is dependent on the effectiveness of the anode and cathode materials used in the fuel cell. In this review paper, various developments in electrode materials for microbial fuel cells (MFC) are discussed. Various modifications of anode and cathode materials for enhancement of power generation and simultaneous waste water treatment are also explored.

scholarly journals Microbial fuel cells constructed from the integration of anaerobic and aerobic sanitary landfill site systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
N Abdul Harris ◽  
A Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Double Chamber

Abstract The world’s main source of energy now is fossil fuels but the demand for power is increasing. In addition, the burning of fossil fuels produces harmful greenhouse gases and has a significant impact on the environment. The fuel cell system in this study is based on the aerobic and anaerobic integration system are used in most waste disposal methods in Malaysia. It is a system of electrochemistry results from the oxidation of organic matter that transfers electrons to carbon graphite This research is to study the effectiveness of the method generating electricity from micro-fuel cells produced from leachate wastewater and it is also conducted to identify microbial activity using a double chamber system. The food waste obtain is divided into double chambers which is aerobic and anaerobic. Digital readings using a multimeter are performed for ten to thirteen days continuously to obtain the highest reading results for voltage and electric current. The measurement of the highest reading result on the 11th day recorded a reading as high as 146.8 mV at 2000 mV while the current reached 28 μA at 2000 μA. This study has proven that there is the production of electrical sources from the activity of organisms present in food waste using microbial fuel cell systems. The result show that food waste and cattle manure produce the highest voltage and current. This has provided an opportunity to explore alternative ways of generating electricity according to the environment and conditions of each region.

scholarly journals Parametric modeling of microbial fuel cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Balaji Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Film Conductivity

Microbial fuel cells use bacteria to generate electrical energy and are used for lower power density applications. This paper studies the effect of operational parameters on the performance of a microbial fuel cell. The effect of length of the anode compartment, inlet acetate concentration, acetate flow rate, temperature, thickness of the membrane and bio-film conductivity on the performance of the fuel cell is modeled. The thickness of the membrane is found to play a very limiting role in affecting the performance of the fuel cell. However, the length of the anode compartment, acetate flow rate and bio-film conductivity are found to play a significant role in the performance of the fuel cell. Model results are compared with experimental data and found to compare well.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite scaffolds for accelerating chronic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nosrati ◽  
Reza Aramideh Khouy ◽  
Ali Nosrati ◽  
Mohammad Khodaei ◽  
Mehdi Banitalebi-Dehkordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds

AbstractSkin is the body’s first barrier against external pathogens that maintains the homeostasis of the body. Any serious damage to the skin could have an impact on human health and quality of life. Tissue engineering aims to improve the quality of damaged tissue regeneration. One of the most effective treatments for skin tissue regeneration is to improve angiogenesis during the healing period. Over the last decade, there has been an impressive growth of new potential applications for nanobiomaterials in tissue engineering. Various approaches have been developed to improve the rate and quality of the healing process using angiogenic nanomaterials. In this review, we focused on molecular mechanisms and key factors in angiogenesis, the role of nanobiomaterials in angiogenesis, and scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches for accelerated wound healing based on improved angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Transport Parameter Correlations for Digitally Created PEFC Gas Diffusion Layers by Using OpenPNM

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Ángel Encalada-Dávila ◽  
Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz ◽  
Julio Barzola-Monteses ◽  
Shian Li ◽  
Martin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Transport Parameter ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Depth Analysis

A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy and heat. The energy conversion is simple; however, the multiphysics phenomena involved in the energy conversion process must be analyzed in detail. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) provides a diffusion media for reactant gases and gives mechanical support to the fuel cell. It is a complex medium whose properties impact the fuel cell’s efficiency. Therefore, an in-depth analysis is required to improve its mechanical and physical properties. In the current study, several transport phenomena through three-dimensional digitally created GDLs have been analyzed. Once the porous microstructure is generated and the transport phenomena are mimicked, transport parameters related to the fluid flow and mass diffusion are computed. The GDLs are approximated to the carbon paper represented as a grouped package of carbon fibers. Several correlations, based on the fiber diameter, to predict their transport properties are proposed. The digitally created GDLs and the transport phenomena have been modeled using the open-source library named Open Pore Network Modeling (OpenPNM). The proposed correlations show a good fit with the obtained data with an R-square of approximately 0.98.

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