Structural and Electrical Study of Boron Doped Ceria Ceramics Electrolytes for SOFC

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jafar Hussain ◽  
Basharat Ahmed ◽  
M. Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Rizwan Raza ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

Abstract The world’s present reserves in terms of fossil fuels are exhausting speedily. Such rapid energy consumption can be caused of unsustainable worldwide progress. Therefore, the researcher’s challenge is to identify the most efficient and economical energy conversion method to provide a viable replacement for the ongoing conventional energy converters. In this context, fuel cell technology (solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)) can play a key role and convert hydrocarbon energy into electrical energy. The conventional electrolyte YSZ based SOFCs work at high temperature ∼1000 °C. In this present research, the new ceramics electrolytes materials boron doped ceria (BDC) have been developed by auto-combustion technique. The prepared materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM. The crystallite sizes of all prepared samples are in the range of 50–80 nm applying Scherer’s formula. The electrical studies and fuel cell performance have been completed at temperature ≤ 700 °C. The doping of boron into ceria has significantly improved the electrical conduction of pure ceria oxide which has been studied using four-probe setup. The maximum ionic conductivity and power density of B0.20:Ce0.80 (molar ratio) electrolyte material named as E4 have been achieved and found to be 0.09 S/cm at 700 °C and 198.125 mW/cm2 at 650 °C. It has been observed that all electrochemical results are consistent with the doping of boron into ceria.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite Calcium Doped Ceria Electrolyte With Alkali Carbonates (NK-CDC) for SOFC

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Abbas ◽  
Rizwan Raza ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf Chaudhry ◽  
Bin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Calcium Doped ◽  
Co Precipitation

The entire world’s challenge is to find out the renewable energy sources due to rapid depletion of fossil fuels because of their high consumption. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are believed to be the best alternative source which converts chemical energy into electricity without combustion. Nanostructured study is required to develop highly ionic conductive electrolyte for SOFCs. In this work, the calcium doped ceria (Ce0.8Ca0.2O1.9) coated with 20% molar ratio of two alkali carbonates (CDC-M: MCO3, where M = Na and K) electrolyte was prepared by co-precipitation method in this study. Ni based electrode was used to fabricate the cell by dry pressing technique. The crystal structure and surface morphology was characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The particle size was calculated in the range of 10–20nm by Scherrer’s formula and compared with SEM and TEM results. The ionic conductivity was measured by using AC Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method. The activation energy was also evaluated. The performance of the cell was measured 0.567W/cm2 at temperature 550°C with hydrogen as a fuel.

Preparation of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 Thin Films by Electrophoretic Deposition and their Fuel Cell Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ichiboshi ◽  
Kenichi Myoujin ◽  
Takayuki Kodera ◽  
Takashi Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (Samaria-doped ceria: SDC) precursors were synthesized by carbon-assisted spray pyrolysis. SDC thin films were prepared by electrophoretic deposition using the SDC precursor particles. The as-prepared SDC thin films were sintered at 1600 °C for 10 h. Uniform films with a thickness of approximately 20 μm were obtained. A fuel cell using the prepared thin films showed a maximum power density of 60.6 mW/cm2 and an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.63 V at 700 °C.

Residual Stress Control to Optimize Pzt Mems Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Kennedy ◽  
D.F. Bahr ◽  
C.D. Richards ◽  
R.F. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Pzt Film ◽  
Bulge Testing

ABSTRACTFlexing piezoelectric membranes can be used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. The overall deflection of individual membranes is impacted by the residual stress in the system. Membranes comprised of silicon dioxide, Ti/Pt, lead- zirconate- titanate (PZT), and TiW/Au layers deposited on a micromachined boron doped silicon wafer were examined for both morphology and residual stress. By characterizing the membrane residual stress induced during processing with x-ray diffraction, wafer curvature, and bulge testing and identifying methods to reduce stress, the membrane performance and reliability can be optimized. For Zr:Ti ratios of 52:48, the residual stress in the PZT was 350 MPa tensile, with an overall effective stress in the composite membrane of 150 MPa. A reduction of stress was accomplished by changing the PZT chemistry to 40:60 Zr:Ti in the PZT to obtain a stress in the PZT of 160 MPa tensile and an overall effective membrane stress of 100 MPa. The crystallization of the 52:48 PZT film at 700 °C causes a 28% reduction in the thickness of the film.

Performance Investigation of Dual Layer Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia–Samaria-Doped Ceria Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Milcarek ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Michael J. Garrett ◽  
Jeongmin Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

The performance of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)–samaria-doped ceria (SDC) dual layer electrolyte anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (AS-SOFC) was investigated. Tape-casting, lamination, and co-sintering of the NiO–YSZ anode followed by wet powder spraying of the SDC buffer layer and BSCF cathode was proposed for fabrication of these cells as an effective means of reducing the number of sintering stages required. The AS-SOFC showed a significant fuel cell performance of ∼1.9 W cm−2 at 800 °C. The fuel cell performance varies significantly with the sintering temperature of the SDC buffer layer. An optimal buffer layer sintering temperature of 1350 °C occurs due to a balance between the YSZ–SDC contact and densification at low sintering temperature and reactions between YSZ and SDC at high sintering temperatures. At high sintering temperatures, the reactions between YSZ and SDC have a detrimental effect on the fuel cell performance resulting in no power at a sintering temperature of 1500 °C.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sulfated Zirconia and Zirconium Phosphate Nanocomposite Membranes on Fuel Cell Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudzani Sigwadi ◽  
Touhami Mokrani ◽  
Phumlani Msomi ◽  
Fulufhelo Nemavhola
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Deterioration

To investigate the effect of acidic nanoparticles on proton conductivity, permeability and fuel cell performance, a commercial Nafion® 117 membrane was impregnated with zirconium phosphates (ZrP) and sulfated zirconium (S-ZrO2) nanoparticles. The tensile test, water uptake, methanol crossover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the ca-pacity of nanocomposite membrane to function in a fuel cell. The modified Nafion® membrane obtained the higher water uptake and a lower water content angle than the commercial Nafion® 117 membrane, indicating that it has a greater impact on conductivity. Under strain rates of 40, 30 and 20 mm/min, the nanocomposite membranes demonstrate more stable thermal deterioration and higher mechanical strength, which offers tremendous promise for fuel cell applications. When compared to 0.113 S/cm and 0.013 S/cm, respectively, of commercial Nafion® 117 and Nafion® ZrP membranes, the modified Nafion® membrane with ammonia sulphate acid had the highest proton conductivity of 7.891 S/cm. When tested using a direct single cell methanol fuel cell, it had the highest power density of 183 m. cm-2 which is better than commercial Nafion® 117 and Nafion® ZrP membranes.

CFD Simulations of Flow and Pressure Distributions in Column Flow Type Fuel Cells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ridenour ◽  
Zhigi Ma ◽  
Naresh Kumar Selvarasu ◽  
Eugene S. Smotkin ◽  
Chenn Q. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Flow Channels

Fuel cells are a growing new technology that can be applied in order to harness electrical energy out of hydrogen and hydrated air. When testing these devices however, pressure drops along the apparatus are strongly discouraged due to the fluctuation in gas volumetric flow rate that they incur. The design of the flow channels is critical to the fuel cell performance and water management. In this research, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to analyze the gas manifold and a column channel inside of a fuel cell. The effect of the flow channel parameters on the flow rate and pressure drops are investigated to provide useful information to optimize the design of flow channels.

Extremophiles in Sustainable Bioenergy Production as Microbial Fuel Cells

2022 ◽  
pp. 286-307
Author(s):  
Mukta Kothari ◽  
Leena Gaurav Kulkarni ◽  
Divita Gupta ◽  
Rebecca Thombre
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Engineering Constraints

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is considered one of the renewable sources of energy for the production of bioelectricity from waste. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental considerations, MFC haa garnered increasing importance as it is a sustainable and environmentally-friendly method of generation of bioenergy. In MFC, electroactive bacteria (EAB) and biofilms are harnessed to convert organic substances to electrical energy. Extremophiles survive in extreme environments, and they have demonstrated potential applications in microbial electrical systems (MES) and MFC technology. The key limitations of MFC are the low power output and engineering constraints of the fuel cell. Hence, it is imperative to understand the genetics, key metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms of the EAB for enhancing the power generation in MFC. This chapter gives a brief overview of the scope and applications of extremophiles in wastewater treatment, bioelectricity, and biohydrogen production using MFC, eventually enhancing the functional efficiency of MFC.

The Effect of Gas Channels-Electrode Interface Area on SOFCs Performance

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C. Moreno-Blanco ◽  
Francisco Elizalde-Blancas ◽  
Abel Hernandez-Guerrero ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Rubio-Arana
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Current Collectors ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Electrode Interface ◽  
Flow Distributor

It is well known that the main overpotentials during the operation of a fuel cell are activation, ohmic and concentration overpotentials. In order to operate more efficiently these devices that convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy, it is necessary to reduce as much as possible the overpotentials aforementioned. Some of the components of a fuel cell are the so called current collectors. These components affect the fuel cell performance mainly by means of two overpotentials, the ohmic and concentration overpotentials. The second one, is however, affected indirectly by the current collector design, since it may only help to distribute more uniformly the gases over the electrodes. The activation overpotential is basically not affected because it is mainly related with the electrode properties such as the exchange current density. In this work, the effect of the current collectors design on the performance of planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) is assessed by means of fully three-dimensional numerical simulations by comparing the V-I and power density curves of a planar cell. The goal of this study is not to find the optimal design of the current collectors but a way in which the overpotentials relate with their design in order to propose some helpful recommendations during the design process of these fuel cell components. These recommendations may lead to design an improved or optimal flow distributor.

scholarly journals Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Mg Substituted Nanocrystalline Li Ferrite Obtained by the Method Auto-Ignition Sol-Gel

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
B.K. Ostafiychuk ◽  
L.S. Kaykan ◽  
Y.S. Kaykan ◽  
A.B. Hrubyak ◽  
M.O. Nykoliuk
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Phase Spinel

The ultrafine particles of magnesium-substituted lithium ferrites of the general formula were synthesized by a low-temperature gel-citrate auto-combustion method. The structural characteristics of the samples were obtained on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM (emission electron spectroscopy) analyzes. XRD studies have confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure with crystallite sizes around 15 - 30 nm. The M-H loop was recorded using an F-64 ferrometer for all formulations at room temperature and 50 Hz and the hysteresis parameters obtained. The hysteresis loop of the obtained samples showed a clear saturation at the applied field ± 60 E and by its very nature the loop is very symmetrical. Dielectric parameters such as dielectric steel, resistivity (s) and conductivity of samples () were investigated as a function of frequency in the range of 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz and in the temperature range 293 - 493 K using an impedance spectrometer. The dielectric constant of the samples revealed a normal frequency dependence of the dielectric, indicating that the dispersion is due to the polarization of the boundaries of the Maxwell-Wagner type grains and the jump of the electron between ions.

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