Placement of Relay Stations in WiMAX Network Using Glowworm Swarm Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-67
Author(s):  
Sangeetha J ◽  
Keerthiraj Nagaraj ◽  
Ram Prakash Rustagi ◽  
Balasubramanya Murthy K N
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Region ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Hardware Complexity ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Glowworm Swarm Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The Relay Station (RS) deployment problem for WiMAX networks is studied. Unlike Base Station (BS), RS does not need a wire-line backhaul and has much lower hardware complexity. Hence, usage of RSs can significantly minimize the deployment cost and maximize the network coverage of the system. To solve the RS deployment problem, the authors have used a nature inspired technique known as Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO). Different cases have been considered for a single fixed BS, to find the feasible number of RSs and its optimal placement in WiMAX networks. Computational experiments are conducted to show the effect of RS deployments in different distribution scenarios. This article also shows the impact of placing RSs at optimal locations to serve given Mobile Stations (MSs) that are distributed arbitrarily in a given geographic region such that the cost is minimized, and the network coverage is maximized. The results obtained from the GSO algorithm are compared with k-means algorithm and it is observed that GSO performs better than k-means algorithm.

scholarly journals Optimal Block Diagonalization precoding scheme for MU-MIMO Downlink channel Using Particle Swarm Optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.17) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Shivangini Saxena ◽  
Dr R.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Block Diagonalization ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Mimo Downlink ◽  
The Impact

As wireless communication turns out to be more common, the interest for higher rates of data transfer and continuous availability is expanding. Future wireless systems are provisioned to be very heterogeneous and interconnected. Higher data rates and Quality of Service (Qos) are two major expectations from any wireless technology. Fading is the main phenomenon which restricts the realization of Qos demand and higher data rates in wireless technologies. Fading is caused by obstacles in signal path which degrades the received signal’s quality. To mitigate the impact of fading on communication system the application of precoding techniques can be used. In this regard, this paper presents optimization of Block-Diagonalization (BD) based linear precoding scheme for multi-user multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems. Simulation environment consists of a MIMO downlink scenario where a single base station (BS) with  antennas transmits to K receivers each with  antenna. The application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to find the optimal number of received antennas so as to reduce system complexity while maintaining Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the system. MATLAB based simulation scenario is presented and evaluated over Rayleigh fading environment. Simulation results validate that the performance of Block– Diagonalization scheme can be improved up to 5dB with the application of Particle Swarm Optimization technique. 

scholarly journals Metaheuristic Quantum Glowworm Swarm Optimization based Clustering With Secure Routing Protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Maganti ◽  
M.Ramesh Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Glowworm Swarm Optimization ◽  
Secure Routing Protocol

Abstract Mobile adhoc network (MANETs) comprises a collection of independent, compact sized, and inexpensive sensor nodes, which are commonly used to sense the physical parameters in the geographical location and transmit it to the base station (BS). Since clustering and routing are considered as the commonly used energy efficient techniques, several metaheuristic algorithms have been employed to determine optimal cluster heads (CHs) and routes to destination. But most of the metaheuristic techniques have failed to achieve effective clustering and routing solutions in large search space and the chance of generating optimal solutions is also considerably reduced. To resolve these issues, this paper presents a new Metaheuristic Quantum Glowworm Swarm Optimization based Clustering with Secure Routing Protocol for MANET, named QGSOC-SRP. The presented QGSOC-SRP technique follows two stage processes, namely optimal CH selection and route selection. Firstly, the QGSO algorithm derives a fitness function using four variables such as energy, distance, node degree, and trust factor for optimal election of secure CHs. Secondly, the SRP using oppositional gravitational search algorithm (OGSA) is applied for the optimal selection of routes to BS. The traditional GSA is inspired by the law of gravity and interaction among masses. To improve the effectiveness of the GSA, OGSA is derived based on the oppositional based learning concept for population initialization and generation jumping. For validating the effective results of the presented OGSOC-SRP technique, a set of experiments were performed and the results are determined interms of distinct measures.

scholarly journals Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generators Based on Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyu Yang ◽  
Junqing Jia ◽  
Wenli Wu ◽  
Wenchao Cai ◽  
Dong An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
The Impact

To solve the problems of environmental pollution and energy consumption, the development of renewable energy sources becomes the top priority of current energy transformation. Therefore, distributed power generation has received extensive attention from engineers and researchers. However, the output of distributed generation (DG) is generally random and intermittent, which will cause various degrees of impact on the safe and stable operation of power system when connected to different locations, different capacities, and different types of power grids. Thus, the impact of sizing, type, and location needs to be carefully considered when choosing the optimal DG connection scheme to ensure the overall operation safety, stability, reliability, and efficiency of power grid. This work proposes a distinctive objective function that comprehensively considers power loss, voltage profile, pollution emissions, and DG costs, which is then solved by the multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are verified based on the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus distribution network.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

Return on Invesment (ROI) of Software Product: A Systematic Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rizqa Raaiqa Bintana ◽  
Putri Aisyiyah Rakhma Devi ◽  
Umi Laili Yuhana
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Software Product ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rational Consideration ◽  
Actual Return ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Investment Models ◽  
The Impact

The quality of the software can be measured by its return on investment. Factors which may affect the return on investment (ROI) is the tangible factors (such as the cost) dan intangible factors (such as the impact of software to the users or stakeholder). The factor of the software itself are assessed through reviewing, testing, process audit, and performance of software. This paper discusses the consideration of return on investment (ROI) assessment criteria derived from the software and its users. These criteria indicate that the approach may support a rational consideration of all relevant criteria when evaluating software, and shows examples of actual return on investment models. Conducted an analysis of the assessment criteria that affect the return on investment if these criteria have a disproportionate effort that resulted in a return on investment of a software decreased. Index Terms - Assessment criteria, Quality assurance, Return on Investment, Software product

Modelling the cost of ill health in Health&WealthMOD (Version II): lost labour force participation, income and taxation, and the impact of disease prevention

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Schofield ◽  
Rupendra Shrestha ◽  
Emily Callander ◽  
Richard Pervical ◽  
Simon Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact
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