Key Challenges of E-Government Adoption in Less Developed Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Yahya Al Sharief
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Government Project ◽  
The Government

The Government of Saudi Arabia has given a great attention to the e-Government program and the transformation process that leads to the successful implementation of such program in Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, in recent years e-Government has been the favourable theme for numerous studies and reports. Yet, there is a lack of systematic empirical evidence regarding the key challenges for the e-Government implementation in less developed countries in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular. Consequently, this paper is an exploratory attempt that seeks to analyse the key challenges for implementing e-Government project in Saudi Arabia, as well as to establish the main obstacles to the deployment of such new technology and the associated causes and possible solutions to avoid potential drawbacks and overcome all problems. Using a sample of 50 experts, the author found that trust is the first factor inhibiting wider adoption of e-Government application in Saudi Arabia. The results of this study have major implications for policy makers, as they suggest the notion that the e-Government applications will not work without building a solid trust foundation with citizens.

scholarly journals How Can National Competitiveness of Less Developed Countries be Enhanced? : A Case Study of Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phoxai Inthaboualy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
The Government

<p>The current literature focuses primarily on the national competitiveness of developed or developing economies. However, minimal research exists on understanding the national competitiveness of less developed countries (LDCs) whose strengths in factor endowments, government institutions and the extent of global integration are not the same as those of developed or developing countries. This study aims to fill this research gap by exploring factors contributing to the competitiveness of Laos. Laos is a small, poor and land-locked country in Southeast Asia with rich natural resources. To achieve the study objectives, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior government officials, industrial representatives, professors and NGOs in Laos. The findings suggest three key factors are critical for enhancing Lao competitiveness: factor endowments, the role of government, and global integration. Laos‘ factor endowments include hydropower, mining, agriculture, garment and textile industries, and services. Laos is interacting more with the global economy as it gets set to embrace membership of the World Trade Organisation after approximately 15 years of membership of ASEAN. The government is playing a critical role by developing Lao factor endowments and developing policies required for global integration. However, the country faces challenges of value addition to the existing natural resources, developing and leveraging human capital, and further improvement in rules and regulations.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of dynamics of the drug list in the аffordable medicines program for treatment of cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
V. S. Huz ◽  
O. M. Zaliska
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Government Program ◽  
State Register ◽  
Drug Registry ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Government Project ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
The Cost

The implementation of the government program on reimbursement in Ukraine meets the requirements of WHO to ensure access to drugs, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The list of TN drugs included in the «Affordable medicines» program increased by 22.6% in 2017–2018, and the proportion of compensated TNs has increased completely from 16.2% to 29.1%, that is, every third drug is released free of charge, which provides increased availability for patients with CVD. The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare the list that are available in the State Register of Ukraine for the treatment of CVD, and the range of INNs under the trade name (TN) and producers, which are part of the government program «Affordablee medicines» in dynamics for 2017–2018 years.We conducted an expert evaluation of the demand for drugs and the prospects for expanding the list of drugs in the reimbursement program by questioning pharmacists working in pharmacies involved in a government project in the Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. The objects of the study were the Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the CMU Decisions, the Drug Registry for CVD, the cost for reimbursement in the program «Affordable Medicines». Questionnaires for assessing demand and prospects for expanding the list of reimbursement drugs were conducted. We used methods of comparative and content analysis, as well as logical and graphical analysis. We identified the groups of drugs presented in the «Available drugs» program, mainly foreign suppliers, therefore, the introduction of generic preparations of carvedilol, losartan, simvastatin and spironolactone is promising for domestic production, in order to increase consumption and reduce reimbursement costs, which will ensure availability for consumers. It is advisable to include domestic preparations of isosorbide dinitrate, hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril and atenolol in a program that will expand the list of these drugs in the «Affordable medicines» program. According to the expert opinion of pharmacists from Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, it is expedient to include from the group of lisinopril in the list of available drugs such as Lisinopril-Teva and Enap, and from the combined preparations of Enap H, Vasar H and Co-Preneca, which are often prescribed by doctors and they are in demand by patients.

scholarly journals How Can National Competitiveness of Less Developed Countries be Enhanced? : A Case Study of Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phoxai Inthaboualy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
The Government

<p>The current literature focuses primarily on the national competitiveness of developed or developing economies. However, minimal research exists on understanding the national competitiveness of less developed countries (LDCs) whose strengths in factor endowments, government institutions and the extent of global integration are not the same as those of developed or developing countries. This study aims to fill this research gap by exploring factors contributing to the competitiveness of Laos. Laos is a small, poor and land-locked country in Southeast Asia with rich natural resources. To achieve the study objectives, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior government officials, industrial representatives, professors and NGOs in Laos. The findings suggest three key factors are critical for enhancing Lao competitiveness: factor endowments, the role of government, and global integration. Laos‘ factor endowments include hydropower, mining, agriculture, garment and textile industries, and services. Laos is interacting more with the global economy as it gets set to embrace membership of the World Trade Organisation after approximately 15 years of membership of ASEAN. The government is playing a critical role by developing Lao factor endowments and developing policies required for global integration. However, the country faces challenges of value addition to the existing natural resources, developing and leveraging human capital, and further improvement in rules and regulations.</p>

B2B E-Commerce Institutionalization in SMEs in Less Developed Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almaaf Bader Ali A ◽  
Jian-Jun Miao ◽  
Quang-Dung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Organization Learning ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The adoption of e-commerce technologies is an organization-learning process. Existing literature on the adoption has not been adequately addressed on this nature. This study develops a model and instrument to investigate the determinants of both initial adoption of e-commerce and its sophisticated extent in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in less developed countries' context. A model is tested empirically by using the data collected in Saudi Arabia. Since the sophistication of e-commerce is essential to gain full benefits from the technology, it is important to understand well influential factors of a decision of sophisticated adoption. Therefore, this present study is a necessary contribution to the literature.

A substitute for poor institutions? Interorganizational affiliations in the alliance formation process

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Rossmannek ◽  
Olaf N. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Alliance Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alliance Partners

Purpose This study aims to investigate how the home country institutional development influences the alliance formation process. Design/methodology/approach A network of strategic alliances between 95 airlines over a 5-year period is analyzed with stochastic actor-oriented models [i.e. Simulation investigation for empirical network analysis (SIENA)]. Robustness analyses use a subsample of these airlines over a period of 10 years. Findings The results demonstrate that the membership in a firm group and a high share of state ownership are more beneficial for the number of alliances if the firm originates from a country with low institutional development. Practical implications Firms from less developed countries can use affiliations (e.g. to firm groups or the government) as signals to attract international alliance partners. Social implications Policymakers from less developed countries should support the development of (local) firm groups to stimulate interorganizational cooperation. Originality/value Firms form alliances based on two aspects: preferences for alliance partners and attractiveness to potential partners. Prior studies outlined that institutional development affects the preferences of firms for alliance partners. This study demonstrates how the institutional development influences the attractiveness to potential partners.

Implementing card technology in government: different approaches, different outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Palmer ◽  
Mahendra Gupta ◽  
James Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine plastic and virtual purchasing card use by US Government agencies, with particular focus on how successful implementation might inform governmental entities of potential improvements in the cost, quality and time associated with the digitization of their procure-to-pay processes. Specifically, the paper will: analyze the evolution of card-based payments by US Government agencies, compare the value stream of plastic and virtual cards to governmental entities, analyze the value of card use as a significant and sustainable contributor to greater governmental efficiency and examine the opportunity in the portability of successful card technology implementation strategy. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined data published by the US federal government relating to agency budgets and commercial card use and combining it with industry performance metrics, projected potential savings and efficiencies for the government and its agencies. Findings The US Government acknowledges significant administrative cost savings and cash rebates based on its spending on commercial cards. An analysis of US Government spending indicates that changing patterns of card spending are primarily driven by activities of one agency – the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Through the incorporation of advances in card technology, escalation of transaction amounts and leveraging card spending data transparency, the VA has continued to increase its use of and benefit from card technology, while other agencies have languished. By replication of VA strategy, the US Government at large has the potential for billions in card-related savings. Research limitations/implications The study implies that a large swathe of governmental agencies, after having adopted new technology (e.g. purchasing cards), are hesitant to use the new technology, a problem that afflicts most implementation efforts. Countermeasures to offset agency resistance to change should be considered and deployed. Practical implications Taxpayers demand much of government. The burden of governmental failure to exploit the benefits of innovation (such as card technology) falls on the shoulders of taxpayers. When the government cannot exploit technologies that are commonly used in the private sector, the failure lowers citizen respect for the capability of government employees and the ability of government writ large to solve problems. Social implications Governmental failure to exploit the benefits of technology dispirits the citizenry, yielding a desire for change that may be disproportionate to the problem at hand. Originality/value The study combines General Services Administration, US Treasury and market data points to make a unique assessment of the benefits derived through 20 years of governmental commercial card use.

E-Government in Less Developed Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 1170-1185
Author(s):  
Riyad Eid ◽  
Raja Yahya Alsharief
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Government ◽  
Shed Light

In recent years, e-Government has been the favourable theme for numerous studies and reports. Yet, there is a lack of systematic evidence regarding the key challenges for the e-Government implementation in less developed countries. Consequently, This chapter is devoted to a comprehensive review of literature relevant to shed light on the e-Government in less developed countries, its importance, and finally the effect of the e-Government on the government activities. It also discusses some applications which have been tried by a number of less developed countries and the results they have achieved.

ANALISIS FAKTOR KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI PADA KEINGINAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGADOPSI E-VOTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Hanifatul Azizah
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voting System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

[Id]Berkembangnya penggunaan mesin e-voting dan meningkatnya penerapan pemilu dalam jaringan (daring) mengindikasikan bahwa masyarakat percaya akan performansi teknologi informasi dalam meningkatkan proses pemilu. Kesuksesan implementasi teknologi informasi mutlak dibutuhkan, Sebagai dukungan kesuksesan tersebut diperlukan analisis yang mendalam. Sebelum mengimplementasikan teknologi e-voting, pemerintah perlu mengetahui tingkat kesediaan (willingness) masyarakat untuk menggunakan teknologi baru. Tingkatan tertentu bahwa ekspektasi seseorang dapat terpenuhi dengan baik adalah definisi dari kepercayaan (trust). Kepercayaan masyarakat teridentifikasi sebagai faktor utama untuk mempengaruhi niat/ kemauan masyarakat menggunakan sebuah teknologi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh dari faktor kepercayaan terhadap niat untuk menggunakan e-voting. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah model yang menggambarkan niat masyarakat untuk menggunakan e-voting (Intention to use) dengan mengidentifikasi kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap teknologi (trust of technology). Trust dibagi menjadi beberapa faktor yang lebih spesifik. Kuisioner kertas disebarkan kepada 370 masyarakat negara Indonesia dan 346 di antaranya valid. Kuisioner disebarkan secara langsung oleh surveyor kepada masyarakat yang telah memiliki hak pilih dan disebar secara merata kepada golongan umur yang bervariasi, serta tingkat Pendidikan maupun profesi yang beragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi Trust of Technology (TOT) dapat meningkatkan niat masyarakat untuk menggunakan e-voting (Intention to Use E-voting - ITU). Ditemukan juga beberapa faktor dapat mempengaruhi pengaruh positif terhadap kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap teknologi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah diharapkan untuk memperhatikan fakto-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepercayaan masyarakat yang berujung niat dan kemauan masyarakat untuk menggunakan e-voting sebelum menerapkan e-voting tersebut.Kata Kunci: Kepercayaan, Keinginan, Keamanan, Validitas, Pemilu.[En]Increasing adoption of the electronic voting machine and rising pilot testing of internet voting suggests people believe that ICT can improve the electoral process. Since every new technology adoption needs to achieve successful implementation, deeper analysis on several sides was needed to support it. Before implementing a particular e-voting technology, the government needs to know the level of citizen willingness to adopt those new technologies. The expectancy that promise of an individual or group can be relied upon is defined as trust. The citizen trust can be identified by certain factors that lead to intention to use actual system. This study analyzes the impact of trustworthiness on citizen intention to use e-voting system in a developing country. The research proposes a model of e-voting adoption intention by investigating citizen trustworthiness from trust of technology (TOT). The trust was expanded to more specific unique factors. Offline questionnaires were spreaded to 370 respondents and 346 of them were valid. Questionnaires were distributed directly by surveyors to people who have the right to vote and distributed equally for a wide range of ages, as well as varying levels of education and professions. The results indicate that higher TOT increase citizen intention to use e-voting, and also several key determinants have positive influence on the citizen trust. This result suggested that government should first comply with several factors in citizen trustworthiness before conducting an e-voting system.

Privatization and Public Regulation

Paradigm ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Simrit Kaur ◽  
S.P. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Regulation ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

In many developing and developed countries, privatization through transfer of ownership from public to the private hands is considered as a cure for most of the problems faced by the public sector enterprises (PSEs.) However, policy makers tend to forget that both the systems – private and public – are imperfect. If market failure necessitates the need for government intervention, then failures associated with the government require more market friendly policies. This implies that at any point of time both systems will coexist i.e. privatization will go hand in hand. The present article attempts to discuss the modalities of privatization options and public regulation adopted by India.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY MODEL TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF ACTIVITY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Niema
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Government Project ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

In the conditions of growing demands of society to the government, project activities cover not only traditional industries, but also the sphere of public administration. Critically important for the success of organization is the team (rather than individual) level of knowledge, skills of staff, and a certain maturity of the organization as a whole in the field of project management. However, the project activities of local self-governments cannot be considered effective or fully compliant with the modern requirements. The level of project competence of management teams of many territorial communities is still not sufficient for the implementation of tasks and functions, the production of relevant project ideas and their successful implementation. The aim of the research is to describe of project management maturity model for its implementation into the activities of the local self-governments from the positions of effectiveness of project management. The entry of the local self-government to a high level of project management maturity will reduce the negative impact of the human factor, systematically focus activities on meeting the needs of the community on a project basis, improve the quality of project management processes, and reduce unproductive costs. Methods used – analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical generalization and comparison.  

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