Detection of the Intermediates in Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate by Temperature Raising Rate Factor

Detection of intermediates is the general way to investigate a reaction mechanism, because the intermediates connect the reactants and the products, the intermediates can reflect some internal relationships between the reactants and the products. By studying the the structures of intermediates, the reaction process and reaction mechanism can thus be understood. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective material as halogen-free flame retardants, it has six crystalline forms.In preparation of APP, the factor of temperature raising rate is investigated, some intermediates are detected, the XRD spectra of these intermediates are discussed. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Detection of the Intermediate in Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate by Temperature Factor

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.193 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 193-196

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Yue Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Temperature Factor ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Preparation Process ◽

Crystalline Forms ◽

Long Chain

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a long chain polyphosphate salt, it has six crystalline forms. In preparation of APP, temperature is significant to controllably obtain a certain crystalline forms. In this paper, the effect of temperature is investigated during the preparation process of APP. Some intermediates are detected, the XRD spectra of these intermediates are discussed. The results show that temperature at 2800C is suitable for preparation of form II. With temperature increasing, water insolubility increases. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Study on Raw Materials Ratio Factor in Synthesis of Ammonium Polyphosphate with Crystalline Form V

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.285 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 285-288

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Yue Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Crystalline Form ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Hydrogen Phosphate ◽

Ammonium Hydrogen ◽

Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽

A non-P2O5 process to prepare ammonium polyphosphate is studied in this paper, the effect of raw materials is investigated. The XRD spectra of synthesized product are studied in detail. Results show that when the ratio of Mono-ammonium hydrogen phosphate to urea is 0.8:1, ammonium polyphosphate form V is the mostly occurrence. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Effect of Wet Ammonia on Crystalline Forms of Ammonium Polyphosphate

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2176 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 634-638 ◽

pp. 2176-2179

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Wen Yan Chen ◽

Yue Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Engineering Plastics ◽

Reaction Atmosphere ◽

Crystalline Forms ◽

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has six crystalline forms, in which form II is commercially applied as flame retardant in engineering plastics such as PP and ABS, form V is extensively studied recently. In preparation of APP, the reaction atmosphere is significant to controllably obtain a certain crystalline forms. In this paper, the effect of wet ammonia is investigated. The results show that low concentration of wet ammonia is suitable for preparation of form II, while dry ammonia is suitable for preparation of form V. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Effect of Ammonia on Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.828 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 228-229 ◽

pp. 828-831

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Xian Zhi Duan

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Crystalline Form ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Hydrogen Phosphate ◽

Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽

Ammonia Atmosphere ◽

Xrd Techniques ◽

Diammonium Hydrogen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was prepared by process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate at different ammonia atmosphere. XRD techniques were used to characterize the crystalline form of this product. Results showed that ammonium had significant effect on the crystalline form of prepared ammonium polyphosphate. The results were informative for controllable preparation ammonium polyphosphate in industrial production.

Ammonium Polyphosphate Crystalline Transformation from Form II to Form V

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.832 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 228-229 ◽

pp. 832-835

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Xian Zhi Duan

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Crystalline Forms ◽

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective intumescent flame retardant, it has different crystalline forms and therefore, different application. The crystalline transformation from form II to form V was measured. The results were informative for controllable preparation ammonium polyphosphate in industrial production.

Selection of Dehydration Temperature to Prepare Ammonium Polyphosphate with Crystalline Form V by Phosphoric Acid Process

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.203 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 668 ◽

pp. 203-206

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Yue Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Crystalline Form ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Ammonia Atmosphere ◽

Acid Process ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Selection Of

Ammonium polyphosphate form V (APP-V) is prepared by melting phosphoric acid and melamine in ammonia atmosphere. The effect of dehydration temperature is studied by detailed investigation of the XRD patterns during the synthesis process. Results show that temperature higher than 3000C is suitable for preparation of APP-V. However, some impure other crystals are still coexisted in the synthesized product. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production

Detection of the Intermediate in Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate by Ammoniating Rate Factor

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.189 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 189-192

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Yue Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Preparation Process ◽

Ammonia Atmosphere ◽

Crystalline Forms ◽

Ammonia atmosphere is significant to controllably obtain a certain crystalline forms. In this paper, the effect of ammoniating rate is investigated. Some intermediates are detected during the preparation process of APP, the XRD spectra of these intermediates are discussed. The results show that low ammoniating rate is suitable for preparation of APP form II. With ammoniating rate increasing, most of the crystals transform to APP V in the intermediate and water insolubility of the product increases. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Study on the Preparation and Properties of APP by Non-P2O5 of Polyphosphoric Acid

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4260 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 687-691 ◽

pp. 4260-4264

Author(s):

Huai Ming Du ◽

Rong Zhen Luo ◽

Bin Huang ◽

Feng Zhen Zhang ◽

Jie Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Polyphosphoric Acid ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Polymerization Degree ◽

Halogen Free ◽

Low Solubility

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a well known component of halogen-free flame retardants. Low solubility Ammonium polyphosphate was prepared by polyphosphate acid and urea. The crystal structure of prepared APP was characterized by FTIR and XRD, its thermal stability was tested and compared with those of commercial APP-I and APP-II, and its water solubility was measured and compared with commercial APP-I and APP-II. The conclusion is drawn that synthesized product belongs to the APP-II, and has similar properties as commercial APP-II. Under the optimal conditions, the polymerization degree of APP was 665.4, and the content of NH3-N and P2O5 were 14.36% and 69.84% (wt).

Effect of Temperature on Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2166 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 634-638 ◽

pp. 2166-2169

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Wen Yan Chen ◽

Yue Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Crystalline Form ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Hydrogen Phosphate ◽

Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽

Crystalline Forms ◽

Diammonium Hydrogen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with crystalline form II is usually synthesized in temperature 280-3100C, APP with crystalline form V is usually synthesized in temperature 340-3500C. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the effect of temperature on crystalline forms of APP was studied and discussed in detail. The results were informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Study on Crystalline Transformation in Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2264 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 634-638 ◽

pp. 2264-2267

Author(s):

Gou Sheng Liu ◽

Wen Yan Chen ◽

Yue Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Crystalline Forms ◽

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has six crystalline forms, different crystalline forms can transform from one form to another. In this paper, the effect of crystalline seed on crystalline transformation is investigated, results show that adding crystalline seed APP II at higher temperature is helpful to form APP II. The transformation between form II and form V at different reaction conditions are also investigated, including blowing wet ammonia to the reaction mixture. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.