Preparation of the Microfibrillated Cellulose and its Application in the Food Packaging Paper

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Yun Zhi Chen ◽  
Zheng Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Base Paper ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Packaging Paper ◽  
Oxidation System

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared from the bleached kraft hardwood pulp using TEMPO/NaClO/NaBr oxidation system and high pressure homogenization. By changing dosages of the TEMPO, NaClO and NaBr, the pressure and times of homogenization, pretreatment and homogenization process were optimized. Experimental investigation indicated that for making MFC of high quality, 0.25%TEMPO, 2.5%NaBr, 60%NaClO (based on oven dry pulp), 20 times of homogenization, pressure of 60MPa in the process of treatment were required. At last, the mechanical and barrier properties were tested after the base paper was coated by homemade MFC. The study suggested that mechanical properties (especially 5 times increase of the folding strength) increased substantially and air permeability decreased by 100times.

The Analysis of Relationships between Surface Porosity and Air Permeability of Paper (board)

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1426-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Gui Xue ◽  
Shuang Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Packaging Paper ◽  
Curve Equation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to scan the surfaces of 9 kinds of food packaging paper, and the surface porosity of them was analyzed according to fractaltheory. To study the relationships between surface porosity and the air permeability of the paper samples, Schopper air permeability tester was used to test the air permeability of the samples. By fitting experimental curve, the relationships between the surface porosity and air permeability were obtained. It demonstrated that the fitting curve described the profile of the experimental values very well and the air permeability depends exponentially on surface porosity over a large range of porosity and the fitting curve equation is Ps=1.132e15.89A.

scholarly journals Improving the Barrier Properties of Packaging Paper by Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Polymer Coating—Effect of the Base Paper and Nanoclay

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Zhenghui Shen ◽  
Araz Rajabi-Abhari ◽  
Kyudeok Oh ◽  
Guihua Yang ◽  
Hye Jung Youn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Base Paper ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Barrier Performance ◽  
Cellulosic Paper ◽  
Packaging Paper ◽  
Coating Formulation

The poor barrier properties and hygroscopic nature of cellulosic paper impede the wide application of cellulosic paper as a packaging material. Herein, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polymer coating was used to improve the barrier performance of paper through its good ability to form a film. Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was used to enhance the water resistance. The effect of the absorptive characteristics of the base paper on the barrier properties was explored, and it was shown that surface-sized base paper provides a better barrier performance than unsized base paper. Nanoclay (Cloisite Na+) was used in the coating formulation to further enhance the barrier performance. The results show that the coating of PVA/AKD/nanoclay dispersion noticeably improved the barrier performance of the paper. The water vapor transmission rate of the base paper was 533 g/m2·day, and it decreased sharply to 1.3 g/m2·day after the application of a double coating because of the complete coverage of the base paper by the PVA-based polymer coating. The coated paper had excellent water resistance owing to its high water contact angle of around 100°. The grease resistance and mechanical properties of the base paper also improved after coating. This work may provide inspiration for improving the barrier properties of packaging paper through the selection of a suitable base paper and coating formulation.

Sustainable coatings on paper for enhancing barrier properties based on hemicellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Li ◽  
Rina Wu ◽  
Jiahui Shi ◽  
Gaosheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Thin Polymer ◽  
Packaging Paper

Abstract Coated paper with enhanced barrier properties was prepared via a simple layered self-assembly method using hemicellulose and starch as biobased coatings. Effect of the coating on properties of cellulose paper was investigated. Barrier properties of the paper was increasingly strengthened as the coating amount of hemicellulose rose. When the paper was coated with starch (10.7±0.3  g / m 2 \text{g}/{\text{m}^{2}} ) and hemicellulose (6.9±0.2  g / m 2 \text{g}/{\text{m}^{2}} ) successively, the oil resistance of the paper was increased from 0 to grade 7. Air permeability and water vapor transmittance was decreased by 93.8 % and 39.7 %, respectively. The water contact angle of the coated paper reached 91.7° when the amount of hemicellulose was 1.5±0.2  g / m 2 \text{g}/{\text{m}^{2}} . The hydrophobicity of the coated paper was superior to the original paper although it was negatively influenced by the increasing amount of hemicellulose. The improvement of barrier properties of the coated paper was mainly ascribed to the formation of a thin polymer network on paper surface through intermolecular interaction via hydrogen bonds as demonstrated in SEM and FTIR-ATR results. Moreover, tensile strength and rupture resistance of the coated paper was improved. The results offered an environmentally friendly and economical strategy for preparation of food packaging paper with good barrier properties using biobased coating materials.

scholarly journals Review on Polysaccharides Used in Coatings for Food Packaging Papers

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronela Nechita ◽  
Mirela Roman (Iana-Roman)
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Paper Coatings ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Packaging Paper

Paper and board show many advantages as packaging materials, but the current technologies employed to obtain adequate barrier properties for food packaging use synthetic polymers coating and lamination with plastic or aluminium foils—treatments which have a negative impact on packaging sustainability, poor recyclability and lack of biodegradability. Recently, biopolymers have attracted increased attention as paper coatings, which can provide new combinations in composite formulas to meet the requirements of food packaging. The number of studies on biopolymers for developing barrier properties of packaging materials is increasing, but only a few of them are addressed to food packaging paper. Polysaccharides are viewed as the main candidates to substitute oil-based polymers in food paper coating, due to their film forming ability, good affinity for paper substrate, appropriate barrier to gases and aroma, and positive effect on mechanical strength. Additionally, these biopolymers are biodegradable, non-toxic and act as a matrix for incorporation additives with specific functionalities for coated paper (i.e., active-antimicrobial properties). This paper presents an overview on the availability and application of polysaccharides from vegetal and marine biomass in coatings for foods packaging paper. The extraction methods, chemical modification and combination routes of these biopolymers in coatings for paper packaging are discussed.

SAFETY OF PAPER PACKAGING MATERIALS WITH POLYMER COATINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
OSYKA Victor ◽  
KOMAKHA Olha ◽  
KOMAKHA Volodymyr
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Base Paper ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Packaging Paper ◽  
Moisture Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Background. Packaging materials that are intended for contact with food are subject to the strictest requirements for their safety. When choosing packaging material for such products, first of all it is necessary to ensure the required level of sanitary and hygienic characteristics. The aim of the study is to assess the safety of moisture-resistant waterproof and moisture-resistant and water-resistant waterproof PPM (paper packaging materials) with a polymer coating. Materials and methods.The object of the study is PPM, made by processing the base paper with coatings based on PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) and PAAEX (polyamidamine-pichlorohydrin). The safety of the developed packaging materials was assessed by organoleptic and physicochemical methods for the presence of foreign tastes and odors, the level of migration of vinyl acetate and epichlorohydrin, the content of zinc, lead, cadmium and microbiological indicators by standard methods. Results. Packaging paper must meet the requirements of current regulations in terms of quality, and its use is allowed subject to compliance with state sanitary norms. Studies of organoleptic characteristics of extracts of paper packaging materials did not reveal the presence of foreign tastes and odors. Determination of the amount of migration of harmful substances, namely vinyl acetate and epichlorohydrin, showed that the transition of the components of the solutions, which are impregnated with paper materials is within acceptable limits. The content of zinc and lead was 25 and 3 times less than the maximum allowed by regulations. The microbiological parameters of the developed paper packaging materials meet the regulatory requirements and allow their use for food packaging. Conclusion. Developed new types of paper packaging materials on the level of migration of toxic compounds (vinyl acetate, epichlorohydrin), heavy metal content and microbiological indicators meet the requirements for packaging both food and non-food products of pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic and other industries.

scholarly journals Improved Oil Resistance of Cellulose Packaging Paper by Coating with Natural Polymer Derived Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feijie Wang ◽  
Liqiang Wang ◽  
Xinchang Zhang ◽  
Shufeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
High Surface Energy ◽  
Packaging Paper ◽  
Application Scope

Abstract Paper is widely used as food packaging due to its good mechanical strength and degradability. However, it has a relatively strong affinity for water and oil, which limits its application scope. In this work, we prepare two types of coated paper to investigate, the influence the air permeability and polarity on the oil resistance of the coated paper. The results showed that reducing the air permeability improved the grease resistance of the coated paper. High surface energy coatings also showed better oil resistance because of their higher content of polar components that resulted in a higher resistance to grease. The mechanical properties of the paper also improved after applying the coating. These natural derived materials offer an alternative to the fluoride-containing materials currently used in the market to improve the wettability of paper.

scholarly journals Low-Density Polyethylene Films Carrying ferula asafoetida Extract for Active Food Packaging: Thermal, Mechanical, Optical, Barrier, and Antifungal Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Razieh Niazmand ◽  
Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh ◽  
Farzaneh Sabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Optical Barrier ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Polyethylene Films ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Ferula Asafoetida

The physical, thermal, mechanical, optical, microstructural, and barrier properties of low-density polyethylene films (LDPE) containing ferula asafoetida leaf and gum extracts were investigated. Results showed a reduction in elasticity and tensile strength with increasing extract concentration in the polymer matrix. The melting temperature and enthalpy increased with increasing concentration of extracts. The films containing extracts had lower L∗ and a∗ and higher b∗ indices. The films containing leaf extract had more barrier potential to UV than the gum extracts. The oxygen permeability in films containing 5% of leaf and gum extracts increased by 2.3 and 2.1 times, respectively. The morphology of the active films was similar to bubble swollen islands, which was more pronounced at higher concentrations of gum and leaf extracts. FTIR results confirmed some chemical interactions of ferula extracts with the polymer matrix. At the end of day 14th, the growth rate of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisea in the presence of the PE-Gum-5 reduced more than PE-Leaf-5 (3.7 and 2.4 logarithmic cycles, respectively) compared to the first day. Our findings showed that active LDPE films have desire thermo-mechanical and barrier properties for food packaging.

scholarly journals Production of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Fast-Growing Poplar and Olive Tree Pruning by Physical Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6445
Author(s):  
David Ibarra ◽  
Raquel Martín-Sampedro ◽  
Bernd Wicklein ◽  
Úrsula Fillat ◽  
María E. Eugenio
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pfi Refining ◽  
Tree Pruning

Motivated by the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on the environment, the need arises to produce materials and energy from renewable sources. Cellulose, the main biopolymer on Earth, plays a key role in this context, serving as a platform for the development of biofuels, chemicals and novel materials. Among the latter, micro- and nanocellulose have been receiving increasing attention in the last few years. Their many attractive properties, i.e., thermal stability, high mechanical resistance, barrier properties, lightweight, optical transparency and ease of chemical modification, allow their use in a wide range of applications, such as paper or polymer reinforcement, packaging, construction, membranes, bioplastics, bioengineering, optics and electronics. In view of the increasing demand for traditional wood pulp (e.g., obtained from eucalypt, birch, pine, spruce) for micro/nanocellulose production, dedicated crops and agricultural residues can be interesting as raw materials for this purpose. This work aims at achieving microfibrillated cellulose production from fast-growing poplar and olive tree pruning using physical pretreatment (PFI refining) before the microfibrillation stage. Both raw materials yielded microfibrillated cellulose with similar properties to that obtained from a commercial industrial eucalypt pulp, producing films with high mechanical properties and low wettability. According to these properties, different applications for cellulose microfibers suspensions and films are discussed.

scholarly journals Evolution of biobased and nanotechnology packaging – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-515
Author(s):  
Tom Lindström ◽  
Folke Österberg
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
End Of Life Issues

AbstractThis review deals with the evolution of bio-based packaging and the emergence of various nanotechnologies for primary food packaging. The end-of life issues of packaging is discussed and particularly the environmental problems associated with microplastics in the marine environment, which serve as a vector for the assimilation of persistent organic pollutants in the oceans and are transported into the food chain via marine and wild life. The use of biodegradable polymers has been a primary route to alleviate these environmental problems, but for various reasons the market has not developed at a sufficient pace that would cope with the mentioned environmental issues. Currently, the biodegradable plastics only constitute a small fraction of the fossil-based plastic market. Fossil-based plastics are, however, indispensable for food safety and minimization of food waste, and are not only cheap, but has generally more suitable mechanical and barrier properties compared to biodegradable polymers. More recently, various nanotechnologies such as the use of nanoclays, nanocellulose, layer-by-layer technologies and polyelectrolyte complexes have emerged as viable technologies to make oxygen and water vapor barriers suitable for food packaging. These technological developments are highlighted as well as issues like biodegradation, recycling, legislation issues and safety and toxicity of these nanotechnologies.

scholarly journals Nanocomposites Materials of PLA Reinforced with Nanoclays Using a Masterbatch Technology: A Study of the Mechanical Performance and Its Sustainability

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Helena Oliver-Ortega ◽  
Josep Tresserras ◽  
Fernando Julian ◽  
Manel Alcalà ◽  
Alba Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Food Tray ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Being Moved

Packaging consumes around 40% of the total plastic production. One of the most important fields with high requirements is food packaging. Food packaging products have been commonly produced with petrol polymers, but due to environmental concerns, the market is being moved to biopolymers. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most promising biopolymer, as it is bio-based and biodegradable, and it is well established in the market. Nonetheless, its barrier properties need to be enhanced to be competitive with other polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Nanoclays improve the barrier properties of polymeric materials if correct dispersion and exfoliation are obtained. Thus, it marks a milestone to obtain an appropriate dispersion. A predispersed methodology is proposed as a compounding process to improve the dispersion of these composites instead of common melt procedures. Afterwards, the effect of the polarity of the matrix was analyzing using polar and surface modified nanoclays with contents ranging from 2 to 8% w/w. The results showed the suitability of the predispersed and concentrated compound, technically named masterbatch, to obtain intercalated structures and the higher dispersion of polar nanoclays. Finally, the mechanical performance and sustainability of the prepared materials were simulated in a food tray, showing the best assessment of these materials and their lower fingerprint.

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