Study on Quick Testing Instrument for Automobile Fuel Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Bai Xue Fu ◽  
Sheng Hai Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
Total Consumption

Sensor technology and computer control technology are applied to automobile fuel consumption testing in the automobile industry developed countries, the function and precision of the test are developing and perfecting continually. In our country, automobile fuel consumption test mainly applies ordinary consumption test devices, that test item are single-chip, which is applied for testing the flow of time. The display of method mainly based on the pointer instrument and partially on circuit control, so the maintenance and reliability of the test does not excellent. We do research and develop the intelligent one which is called quick testing instrument for automobile fuel consumption, which applies sensor technology, computer control technology and advanced instrument technology, that can be applied for the testing for automobile fuel consumption and data show. It can improve the measurement precision of automobile fuel consumption and degree of automation, with the down cost as high cost-effective consequences. The test instrument can be used for testing instantaneous fuel consumption, average fuel consumption and accumulative total consumption of gasoline engine and diesel engine.

Light-Weight Tire Concept

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
F. Lux ◽  
H. Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Lower Fuel Consumption ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tire Production

Abstract Current demands by the consumer, the automobile industry, and the environment have determined the basis of this investigation. In the past, the requirements—ever faster, ever sportier—were accepted as decisive parameters for the development of our study. In the future, rational and safety-related tire characteristics as well as environmental consciousness will increase, whereas purely performance-related parameters will diminish in their importance. Through our light-weight tire project, we have paved the way for future tire generations. The first priority is the minimal use of material resources; this means a reduction of materials and energy in tire production by using advanced design and production methods without sacrificing performance standards. This benefits the consumer—the final judge of all of our activities—by considerably reducing the rolling resistance, leading to lower fuel consumption. Further design targets include the improvement of rolling behavior and increased comfort by reducing tire weight, and therefore a reduction in unsprung masses on the vehicle.

scholarly journals Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in Italian adolescents: a cost-effective health opportunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Panatto ◽  
P Landa ◽  
D Amicizia ◽  
P L Lai ◽  
E Lecini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
International Setting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Invasive disease due to Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a serious public health problem even in developed countries, owing to its high lethality rate (8-15%) and the invalidating sequelae suffered by many (up to 60%) survivors. As the microorganism is transmitted via the airborne route, the only available weapon in the fight against Nm invasive disease is vaccination. Our aim was to carry out an HTA to evaluate the costs and benefits of anti-meningococcal B (MenB) vaccination with Trumenba® in adolescents in Italy, while also considering the impact of this new vaccination strategy on organizational and ethics aspects. Methods A lifetime Markov model was developed. MenB vaccination with the two-dose schedule of Trumenba® in adolescents was compared with 'non-vaccination'. Two perspectives were considered: the National Health Service (NHS) and society. Three disease phases were defined: acute, post-acute and long-term. Epidemiological, economic and health utilities data were taken from Italian and international literature. The analysis was conducted by means of Microsoft Excel 2010®. Results Our study indicated that vaccinating adolescents (11th year of life) with Trumenba® was cost-effective with an ICER = € 7,912/QALY from the NHS perspective and € 7,758/QALY from the perspective of society. Vaccinating adolescents reduces the number of cases of disease due to meningococcus B in one of the periods of highest incidence of the disease, resulting in significant economic and health savings. Conclusions This is the first study to evaluate the overall impact of free MenB vaccination in adolescents both in Italy and in the international setting. Although cases of invasive disease due to meningococcus B are few, if the overall impact of the disease is adequately considered, it becomes clear that including anti-meningococcal B vaccination into the immunization program for adolescents is strongly recommended from the health and economic standpoints. Key messages Free, large-scale MenB vaccination is key to strengthening the global fight against invasive meningococcal disease. Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in adolescents is a cost-effective health opportunity.

Cyberspace at the Grassroots: E-Governance and Citizen/Stakeholder Perceptions at the Local Level in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 245513332110340
Author(s):  
Habib Zafarullah ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Citizen Perceptions

Bangladesh has experimented with e-governance since the early 2000s and currently ranks among the top 10 least developed countries. The deployment of e-governance at the local level has provided benefits to the rural people, with local councils increasingly using information and communications technology (ICT) to expand community-based delivery systems and augment rural service delivery. One-stop cyber centres provide a range of services that are user-friendly, cost-effective and less time-consuming. This study focuses on five sub-districts to inquire about the range of services provided by the e-service centres there. It has recorded citizen perceptions and the level of their satisfaction and the observations of service providers about the e-service mechanism. It also identifies key challenges in service delivery. Citizen satisfaction was measured using 12 indicators, while the service provider observations focused on social issues, governance, resource and technical issues. The study found several issues requiring attention to consolidate the e-governance system in the country.

Application of Configuration Technology in Traffic Light Control System Based on PLC

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Peng Yao ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Ji You Fei
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Light Control ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Software Simulation ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Traffic Light Control

Configuration technology is a new technology for monitoring in the current society; it is the result of the development of computer control technology. To traffic light control system, it is to combine the use of configuration technology and procedures related to PLC, and through software simulation and traffic lights light changes, traffic light control system could achieve the monitoring problem, and if the system is in good condition, its application can save a lot of labor powers and materials.

scholarly journals SPECIAL TUTORIAL CLASSES TO UPGRADE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS ENROLLED IN MATHEMATICS FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE AT STOU

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Sakorn Boondao
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Tutorial Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Teaching Programs

Unlike distance education institutions in developed countries Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University makes very limited use of assignments in its teaching programs. The main means of interaction between tutors and students consists of free face-to-face tutorials conducted three times per semester in provincial centers throughout the country. In courses with low enrolments (less than 1000 students) such tutorials have recently been deemed not to be cost effective. Alternative regional or central intensive programs have been developed. These involve 20 hours of tutorial classes and assignment work over two weekends in the final month of the semester and count for 30% of the assessment. A small charge is made for registration. The Mathematics for Social Science course was affected by this change. Since mathematics is a difficult subject for students, (only about 30% normally passed the course) the special tutorial program was used to help students in the second semester of 2006. Students were more interested in this approach than in the regular face-to-face tutorials. After the project was advertised, 98 students applied. While this was more than three times the number who had attended the free tutorials in the previous semester, it was not sufficient to justify tutorials in the four regions. Instead, three classes were conducted in Bangkok. Only 71 of the original applicants attended. During the program the better students were asked to assist those who needed help. Student questionnaires indicated that more than half identified themselves as weak in mathematics, most had completed year 12 and just over three-quarters had never attended regular face-to-face tutorials. They were asked to rank items about the classes on a five-level scale. The availability of up to 30% of the marks for the course was the major attraction. Most indicated that they were pleased with the classes, and gained more knowledge; while assignments, as well as the solutions given after submission, helped them understand the contents. Having classmates help them with learning also encouraged them with their study. They felt that they needed more time to study and do assignment work, and would like more marks to be allocated for the assignments. It was found that the achievement of students who attended the special tutorial classes was significantly higher than that of those who did not. The pass rate in this semester dramatically increased compared to the previous semester, 50.72% and 30.34% respectively. But when comparing students' final exam scores for both groups, it was found that there was no significant difference in the scores. However students were satisfied with these special tutorial classes.

scholarly journals Management of Hypertension: A Bangladeshi Perspective

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
SM Mustafa Zaman ◽  
Mohammad Salman ◽  
Kaniz Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications

Hypertension is a silent killer. Bangladeshis are racially predisposed to cardiovascular disease, and the increasing burden of hypertension has only added to the problem. Economic constraints and the allure of additional benefits without adverse effects have made lifestyle modifications an attractive proposition in developing and developed countries alike. Blood pressure is a continuum and any increase above optimum level confers additional independent risk of cardiovascular disease. We review screening, diagnosis and management using lifestyle measures and pharmacotherapy. We then discuss the barriers and challenges to implementing this approach and what can be done regarding prevention, screening, lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy in our country. By adopting a comprehensive population based approach including policy level interventions directed at promoting lifestyle changes; a healthy diet (appropriate calories, low in saturated fats and salt and rich in fruits and vegetables), increased physical activity, and a smoking free society, properly balanced with a high risk approach of cost effective clinical care, Bangladesh can effectively control hypertension and improve public health. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v39i1.6232 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2010; 39(1): 40-43

Optimization of Mode Switching Timing Control for a Lean-Burn Gasoline Engine With a Prototype Passive SCR System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakota Strange ◽  
Pingen Chen ◽  
Vitaly Y. Prikhodko ◽  
James E. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nox Storage ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Passive Scr

Passive selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has emerged as a promising NOx reduction technology for highly-efficient lean-burn gasoline engines to meet stringent NOx emission regulation in a cost-effective manner. In this study, a prototype passive SCR which includes an upstream three-way catalyst (TWC) with added NOx storage component, and a downstream urealess SCR catalyst, was investigated. Engine experiments were conducted to investigate and quantify the dynamic NOx storage/release behaviors as well as dynamic NH3 generation behavior on the new TWC with added NOx storage component. Then, the lean/rich mode-switching timing control was optimized to minimize the fuel penalty associated with passive SCR operation. Simulation results show that, compared to the baseline mode-switching timing control, the optimized control can reduce the passive SCR-related fuel penalty by 6.7%. Such an optimized mode-switching timing control strategy is rather instrumental in realizing significant fuel efficiency benefits for lean-burn gasoline engines coupled with cost-effective passive SCR systems.

Third generation of advanced high-strength steels: Processing routes and properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Nanda ◽  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Virender Singh ◽  
Arnab Chakraborty ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels

The automobile industry is presently focusing on processing of advanced steels with superior strength–ductility combination and lesser weight as compared to conventional high-strength steels. Advanced high-strength steels are a new class of materials to meet the need of high specific strength while maintaining the high formability required for processing, and that too at reasonably low cost. First and second generation of advanced high-strength steels suffered from some limitations. First generation had high strength but low formability while second generation possessed both strength and ductility but was not cost effective. Amongst the different types of advanced high-strength steels grades, dual-phase steels, transformation-induced plasticity steels, and complex phase steels are considered as very good options for being extended into third generation advanced high-strength steels. The present review presents the various processing routes for these grades developed and discussed by different authors. A novel processing route known as quenching and partitioning route is also discussed. The review also discusses the resulting microstructures and mechanical properties achieved under various processing conditions. Finally, the key findings with regards to further research required for the processing of advanced high-strength steels of third generation have been discussed.

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