Development and Performance Evaluation of a Multipurpose Dryer

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 745-752
Author(s):  
C.O. Ilechie ◽  
G.F. Aibangbee ◽  
S.R. Ogblechi ◽  
B.O. Abikoye
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Angle Iron ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Steel Angle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Drying Chamber

In this work an electrically operated thermostatic multipurpose dryer is developed and evaluated. It measures 2,300mm long, 600mm wide and 1,100mm high and consists of 50mm x 50mm mild steel angle iron and aluminium sheet wrapped all over it. The interior of the dryer is painted black to ensure maximum heat retention within the system for faster drying. The multipurpose dryer is constructed with the incorporation of vents to enable uniform air circulation within the system. This is to facilitate uniform drying of specimens. The development of the dryer is to help minimize losses of agricultural produce by drying them to the required moisture content that will enable them to be kept in storage. The dryer was used to determine the moisture content of coconut meat and it was found to be 53.47% and 1.15% wet and dry basis respectively. The dryer could be used to dry all agricultural produce to the required moisture content that will enable them to be preserved. This is achieved by selecting the appropriate temperature graduated on the dryer. The equipment has hot air at a velocity of 18.7m/s distributed uniformly across specimen trays in the drying chamber. As the hot air passes over agricultural produce in trays, the drying process takes place. It has been found that the multipurpose dryer is suitable for drying agricultural produce and other allied produce to the required moisture content up to a maximum temperature of 1100C. The dryer efficiency was determined to be 75%.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Frying Temperature and Time for Preparation of Healthy Falafel Using Air Frying Technology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2567
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fikry ◽  
Ibrahim Khalifa ◽  
Rokkaya Sami ◽  
Ebtihal Khojah ◽  
Khadiga Ahmed Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Frying Temperature ◽  
Simplified Models ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
L Value ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Best Fit

Air-frying is an innovative technique for food frying that uses hot air circulation to prepare healthy products. The objectives of this study were to establish simplified models to reflect the efficacy of the air frying process at varying temperatures and times on the quality attributes of falafel, and to optimize the frying conditions for producing air-fried falafel. Moisture content, color, fat content, hardness, and sensory evaluation of the fried falafel were analyzed under varied temperatures (140 °C, 170 °C, and 200 °C) and time periods (5 min, 10 min, and 15 min). Statistical analysis was then applied to obtain the best fit model that can describe the properties of fried falafel. Results indicated that moisture content, fat content, and L*-value of air-fried falafel were adversely related to the frying temperature and time, but the hardness and ΔE of fried falafel were increased as the frying temperature and time increased. Moreover, an increase followed by a decrease was shown for the appearance, aroma, crispness, taste, and overall preference scores with the increase in frying temperature and time. The regression analysis showed that the proposed models could be properly used for predicting the properties of the fried falafel. In addition, the overlaid plots resulted in the optimum frying temperature of 178.8 °C and time of 11.1 min. Interestingly, the fat content of the air-fried falafel reduced by 45% at optimal frying conditions compared with that for the deep-fat fried one at 180 °C for 7 min (control). In comparison, the air-fried falafel was lower in fat content, higher in hardness with more acceptable appearance and crispness scores than deep-fat fried falafel. Such information could be beneficial to the manufacturers of the falafel to produce an optimal and healthy product.

scholarly journals Development of an Automated Solar Powered Hot-air Supplemented Dryer

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
O. Taiwo Aduewa ◽  
S. Ajiboye Oyerinde ◽  
P. Ayoola Olalusi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Drying Chamber

The world is facing two major challenges: one is to meet the exponential growing demand for energy particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries and other is to deal with global, regional and local environmental impacts resulting from supply and use of conventional energy. The cost-effective technology for solar drying that can be easily adopted among the rural farmers of developing countries needs to be developed in areas where solar energy is abundantly available. As cheap as the solar energy could be, there are associated problems with the stability of the energy for different purposes due to instability of climatic conditions. For this research, a solar powered hot-air supplemented dryer (SPHSD) with a capacity of 20 kg of sliced yam was designed and developed. The SPHSD has three sections which are solar collector chamber, drying chamber and hot-air supplement chamber which is powered with two 150-watt solar panel and a 200 amps solar battery for continuous operation during bad weather. All data were logged digitally for accuracy and test was done using yam slices. Difference in drying time and stability in drying temperature was evaluated using SPHSD and indirect solar dryer. The result shows stability of temperature in the drying chamber when SPHSD was used while the drying temperature fluctuates throughout the indirect solar drying test period. Drying experiment was conducted for 481 minutes (between 0910 hrs to 1713 hrs) reducing the moisture content from 71.91%, 72.1% and 72.8% to 27.95%, 25.78% and 28.23% for MC1, MC2 and MC3in wet basis respectively. Drying experiment was conducted for 832 minutes (between 0901 hrs to 2257 hrs) reducing the moisture content from initial moisture content levels of 72.66%, 71.48% and 71.48% to 13.47%, 12.53% and 12.54% for MC1, MC2 and MC3in wet basis respectively.

scholarly journals Design consideration of smart solar dryer for precision drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
TH BIDYALAKSHMI DEVI ◽  
YOGESH B KALNAR
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Solar Battery ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Electrical Effect ◽  
Air Blower ◽  
Drying Chamber

A sensor based solar dryer was designed to control the drying environment for precision drying of agricultural produce. The system entirely used solar energy utilizing both thermal and electrical effect. Paraffin wax (PCM) was used for storage of thermal energy whereas solar battery was used to store the electrical energy. Hot air blower was also provided to supply heat when there is less or no solar radiation. Temperature sensors were provided to control the environment of drying chamber. The exhaust fan started operating depending on the set temperature and thus control the drying environment. Load cells were provided below each tray to measure the dry weight. The drying chamber was made of mild steel with glass wool insulation. The capacity of the designed dryer was 10-15 kg with 6 trays. The designed dryer has target temperature of 55-60oC.

Pengeringan Biji Kakao dengan Pengering Surya Tipe Terowong Berpenggerak Sel Fotovoltaik di Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Palelingan Aman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Heat Collector ◽  
New Construction

<em>A research about cocoa beans drying used solar tunnel dryer with photovoltaic module driven have conducted in Manokwari. Solar tunnel dryer used in this research adapted from type Hohenheim with photovoltaic module and integrated air heat collector has been installed at the Department of Agricultural Technology, Papua State University Manokwari to dried cocoa beans. The objectives of this research were to design solar tunnel dryer and evaluate it�s performance in dryed cocoa beans. The result obtained was a new construction of solar tunnel dryer for cocoa beans with dimensions 6 m of length and 0,9 m of wide. The dryer completed with photovoltaic module to drive the blowers of hot drying air. �Performance test of the dryer showed that drying of 10 kg of cocoa beans with initial moisture content about 70% wet basis needed 13 hours of drying time to achieved final moisture content about 7,17% wet basis. The drying time achieved was faster compared than traditional solar drying that needed 20 hours of drying time. The maximum temperature achieved in drying chamber was 60 <sup>o</sup>C.</em>

scholarly journals Verification of the effect of sleeping environment and humidification on middle-aged people in whole-house air-conditioning ventilation system housing

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02044
Author(s):  
Akemi Iwaki ◽  
Takashi Akimoto ◽  
Naho Misumi ◽  
Takuya Furuhashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Circulation Type ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Skin Moisture

This study focused on the thermal comfort of air circulation-type whole-house air-conditioning ventilation systems. We studied the influence of 24-h continuous whole-house air-conditioning on the living environment in which the occupant is sleeping. A survey was conducted in the summer of 2016 and winter of 2017 to ascertain the influence on the sleeping environment, skin moisture content, and blood pressure. We then compared the results with those of the sleeping environment of residents in air-conditioned housing surveyed the previous year. The sleeping environment when using a personal humidifier around the occupant’s head was examined during winter when the humidity is low. The results indicated that sleep latency was significantly shortened in the 24-h continuous whole-house air-conditioning ventilation system in both summer and winter because the temperature control of the bedroom before going to bed affects the sleep latency. Subjectively, no participants felt dryer than the values measured in the bedroom environment. The results implied that the comfort of the entire building was improved with continuous air-conditioned housing.

Improving the Boiler Efficiency by Optimizing the Combustion Air

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pachaiyappan ◽  
J. Dasa Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Air Preheater ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Combustion

Air pre-heater and economizer are heat transfer surfaces in which air temperature and water temperature are raised by transferring heat from other media such as flue gas. Hot air is necessary for rapid combustion in the furnace and also for drying coal in milling plants. So an essential boiler accessory which serves this purpose is air pre-heater. The air pre-heater is not essential for operation of steam generator, but they are used where a study of cost indicates that money can be saved or efficient combustion can be obtained by their use. The decision for its adoption can be made when the financial advantages is weighed against the capital cost of heater. The efficiency of the boiler increases with the increase in the temperature of the combustion air used in the furnace. This is achieved by the increased temperature of the flue gas in the air preheater and economizer zone. This paper deals with the different ways to obtain the maximum heat from the flue gas travelling through the air preheater and the economizer zone to improve the boiler efficiency.

Optimal Control of a General Environmental Space

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Townsend ◽  
D. B. Cherchas ◽  
A. Abdelmessih
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Maximum Principle ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Switching Control ◽  
The Maximum Principle ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
And Performance

This study considers the optimal control of dry bulb temperature and moisture content in a single zone, to be accomplished in such a way as to be implementable in any zone of a multi-zone system. Optimality is determined in terms of appropriate cost and performance functions and subject to practical limits using the maximum principle. Several candidate optimal control strategies are investigated. It is shown that a bang-bang switching control which is theoretically periodic is a least cost practical control. In addition, specific attributes of this class of problem are explored.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing on Residual Buprofezin Levels in Ginseng Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Hyun Ho Noh ◽  
Hyeon Woo Shin ◽  
Dong Ju Kim ◽  
Jeong Woo Lee ◽  
Seung Hyeon Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Processed Products

This study determined residual buprofezin levels in fresh ginseng and evaluated their changes during processing. Supervised field trials were conducted at Yeongju, Geumsan, and Goesan, Korea. Buprofezin 12.5% EC was applied to 5-y ginseng in accordance with the Korean good agriculture practice (GAP). Samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 d after the final application. On day 14 (GAP-equivalent preharvest date), the ginseng was processed to obtain dried and red ginseng. The average buprofezin concentrations on day 0 were 0.076 (Yeongju), 0.055 (Geumsan), and 0.078 mg kg−1 (Goesan). Residual concentrations increased as ginseng was processed into dried and red ginseng. Residue levels in dried ginseng manufactured by hot air drying were higher than in red ginseng obtained by steaming, hot air, and sunlight drying. However, the absolute amount of pesticides decreased by approximately 20–30% as a result of calculating the reduction factor considering the dry yield and moisture content. Therefore, the residual concentration in processed products may vary depending on the processing method, and it is deemed necessary to consider the processing yield and moisture content when evaluating the safety of residual pesticides in dried processed products.

Detection of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying based on multispectral imaging equipment with selected wavelengths

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 727-735
Author(s):  
Jiamei Long ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Leiqing Pan ◽  
Kang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air

Abstract Moisture content and carotenoid content are important indicators for evaluating the drying process of carrot slices. There are growing attention to develop non-destructive methods as effectively analytical tools in quality assurance of drying carrot slices. In this study, the characteristic wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying were extracted based on hyperspectral imaging technology. A multispectral imaging equipment was built after that, and the wavelengths of filters were determined according to the characteristic wavelengths. Based on the successive projection algorithm (SPA), the optimal wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content were further determined, and prediction models of both were established based on the system. There were 12 filters selected in this study. The results showed that a support vector machine (SVM) prediction model for moisture content was established based on seven optimal wavelengths with 0.991 for the coefficient of determination of prediction set (R 2 p ) and 10.318 for the residual prediction residual (RPD). Based on eight optimal wavelengths, a SVM prediction model for carotenoid content was also established with 0.968 for R 2 p and 5.337 for RPD. The prediction performance is close to or even better than that based on hyperspectral. The study confirmed the feasibility of using the multispectral imaging equipment to measure the moisture and carotenoid content of carrot slices during drying based on selected wavelengths, laying a foundation for the further preparation of a portable multispectral detector for the quality of dry products.

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Maximum Heat Production and Cooling Effectiveness of Three Different Drill Types (Conical vs. Cylindrical vs. Horizontal) during Implant Bed Preparation—An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9961
Author(s):  
Stefan Ihde ◽  
Bartosz Dalewski ◽  
Łukasz Pałka
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Disc Cutters ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
Implant Bed

The aim of this experimental study was to verify thermal diffusion differences, by measuring the maximum temperature achieved with different drill shapes. Synthetic bone blocks of type I density made from solid rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam were used to perform the drilling procedures. The experiment was conducted at three different rotation speeds: 800, 3000 and 5000 rpm. Conical drills (with and without an internal cooling hole) were compared with horizontal drills and disc drills. The temperature during drilling for implant bed preparation was estimated with the use of thermocouples and an infrared (IR) camera. The temperature during drilling with disc cutters for lateral basal implants did not exceed 33 ∘C and the temperature decreased in proportion to higher drill speed. The results indicate that the tested design is safe and will not cause bone overheating.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document