The Vestibular System Modeling in the Head and Eye Movement Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 2434-2437
Author(s):  
Chang Yuan Wang ◽  
Bing Yao ◽  
Hong Zhe Bi ◽  
Hong Bo Jia
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
System Response ◽  
Movement Response ◽  
Movement System

Head and eye movement is eye movement response to head movements ,the eyes are the signals generated by the vestibular system is movement.The vestibular system is important to feel the organs and tissues of the body movement,Can be said that the vestibular system response to head movement, eye movement associated with the vestibule.We can use eye movements comparing with normal eye movements to detect whether the dizziness,in this process the modeling of the vestibular system is very important.Paper summarizes the response of head and eye movement system, vestibular system in the head and eye movement systems vestibular system exercise and Research at home and abroad, raised modeling method of the head and eye movement system when turn the head.

scholarly journals Automated Analysis of Body Movement in Emotionally Expressive Piano Performances

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Castellano ◽  
Marcello Mortillaro ◽  
Antonio Camurri ◽  
Gualtiero Volpe ◽  
Klaus Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Musical Score ◽  
Motion Cues

EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION IN MUSIC PERFORMANCE includes important cues arising from the body movement of the musician. This movement is related to both the musical score execution and the emotional intention conveyed. In this experiment, a pianist was asked to play the same excerpt with different emotionally expressive intentions. The aim was to verify whether different expressions could be distinguished based on movement by trying to determine which motion cues were most emotion-sensitive. Analyses were performed via an automated system capable of detecting the temporal profiles of two motion cues: the quantity of motion of the upper body and the velocity of head movements. Results showed that both were sensitive to emotional expression, especially the velocity of head movements. Further, some features conveying information about movement temporal dynamics varied among expressive conditions allowing emotion discrimination. These results are in line with recent theories that underlie the dynamic nature of emotional expression.

Eye-head coordination in cats

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Guitton ◽  
R. M. Douglas ◽  
M. Volle
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
Gaze Shifts ◽  
Gaze Shift ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Motor Strategy

Gaze is the position of the visual axis in space and is the sum of the eye movement relative to the head plus head movement relative to space. In monkeys, a gaze shift is programmed with a single saccade that will, by itself, take the eye to a target, irrespective of whether the head moves. If the head turns simultaneously, the saccade is correctly reduced in size (to prevent gaze overshoot) by the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). Cats have an oculomotor range (OMR) of only about +/- 25 degrees, but their field of view extends to about +/- 70 degrees. The use of the monkey's motor strategy to acquire targets lying beyond +/- 25 degrees requires the programming of saccades that cannot be physically made. We have studied, in cats, rapid horizontal gaze shifts to visual targets within and beyond the OMR. Heads were either totally unrestrained or attached to an apparatus that permitted short unexpected perturbations of the head trajectory. Qualitatively, similar rapid gaze shifts of all sizes up to at least 70 degrees could be accomplished with the classic single-eye saccade and a saccade-like head movement. For gaze shifts greater than 30 degrees, this classic pattern frequently was not observed, and gaze shifts were accomplished with a series of rapid eye movements whose time separation decreased, frequently until they blended into each other, as head velocity increased. Between discrete rapid eye movements, gaze continued in constant velocity ramps, controlled by signals added to the VOR-induced compensatory phase that followed a saccade. When the head was braked just prior to its onset in a 10 degrees gaze shift, the eye attained the target. This motor strategy is the same as that reported for monkeys. However, for larger target eccentricities (e.g., 50 degrees), the gaze shift was interrupted by the brake and the average saccade amplitude was 12-15 degrees, well short of the target and the OMR. Gaze shifts were completed by vestibularly driven eye movements when the head was released. Braking the head during either quick phases driven by passive head displacements or visually triggered saccades resulted in an acceleration of the eye, thereby implying interaction between the VOR and these rapid-eye-movement signals. Head movements possessed a characteristic but task-dependent relationship between maximum velocity and amplitude. Head movements terminated with the head on target. The eye saccade usually lagged the head displacement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Direct Response of the Crab Carcinus to the Movement of the Sun

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
G. A. HORRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Minimum Latency ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
Sensory Ability

1. The eyes of the crab follow the movement of the sun if stationary landmarks, which would arrest the eye movement, are obscured. 2. Therefore, even if the eyes do not move when the crab is in a normal environment, the sun's movement is certainly seen by the crab. 3. The eye movements in response to tilting the whole animal only partially compensate for the body tilt. Therefore an obvious contrasting object such as the sun is not absolutely stabilized on the retina in tilting. 4. This sensory ability of the crab could form the basis of a compass response with a minimum latency of 10 sec.

scholarly journals Metasurface-based Augmented Reality Headset Equipped with an Eye Movement Monitoring System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
tara afra ◽  
mohammad reza salehi ◽  
Ebrahim Abiri
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Rectangular Waveguide ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Display System ◽  
Movement System ◽  
Movement Monitoring

Abstract In this paper, a metasurface-based waveguide display equipped with an eye movement monitoring system is presented. In the suggested device, the functions of the eye movement system and AR are completely independent of each other and are designed in two separate sections at wavelengths 775 nm and 635 nm respectively. In the next part, in order to investigate the effects of the shape of the waveguide on FOV and efficiency, a multifunctional display system comprise of a single rectangular waveguide with two sensitive polarization channels are designed to operate as an AR and eye movement monitoring system simultaneously at visible and IR wavelengths respectively. In both devices, monitoring eye movements can be done over the range of -24º to 24º and the digital images are displaced in the user’s FOV based on horizontal eye positions. Although the first suggested system is heavier than one, its FOV is almost more than twice of the second system. The results indicate that metasurface-based waveguide technology can be considered as an appropriate platform for developing wearable eye movement systems.

scholarly journals Sensory Basis and Functional Role of Eye Movements Elicited During Locomotion in the Land Crab Cardisoma Guanhumi

1990 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. JON P. BARNES ◽  
P. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Optokinetic Responses ◽  
Land Crabs ◽  
Cardisoma Guanhumi

Eye movements in the horizontal plane and the rotatory component of body movement have been continuously recorded in land crabs, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, walking freely in an arena. The results show that the eyes compensate for locomotor turns by moving in the opposite direction to the body, thus reducing the image motion of surrounding objects on the retina. Gains often approach unity, so that stabilization of the rotatory component of self-generated image motion is good. Of the three compensatory eye reflexes that could contribute to these responses, optokinetic responses play a major role, since the gain of the responses of freely walking blinded crabs was about half that of crabs that could see. Since blinded crabs held above a ball moved their eyes whenever they rotated the ball about a vertical axis (i.e. turned), a significant role for leg proprioceptor-driven eye movements is also presumed. It is unclear whether vestibular nystagmus, driven by the statocysts, also has a role to play. In contrast to the high-gain compensatory responses that accompany turns, the translatory component of locomotion elicits compensatory eye movements only under the most favourable circumstances, when the crab walks along a runway facing a set of stripes. Even then, the responses are of very low gain (0.02-0.09). Amongst several possible factors, this is partly because lateral ommatidia, which drive the optokinetic responses, will face the poles of the flow field during sideways walking, and partly because stationary contrasts (as occur at the poles of the flow field) reduce the gain of optokinetic responses. It is argued that, by compensating for turns but not translatory locomotor movements, crabs effectively separate the rotatory from the translatory components of the visual flow field around them. Since only the former can be used in course control, while only the latter provides information on ground speed and the three-dimensional layout of the environment, such a separation makes good functional sense.

Importance of the vestibular system in visually induced nausea and self-vection

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Johnson ◽  
Fred A. Sunahara ◽  
Jack P. Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Head Movements

The objective of this study was to determine the importance, if any, of the non-auditory labyrinth of the inner ear in visually induced nausea and self-vection in subjects exposed to a moving visual field with and without concomitant pitching head movements. Subjects teated were 15 normals, 18 unilateral labyrinthectomies and 6 bilateral labyrinthectomies. The findings show a higher incidence of pseudo-Coriolis induced nausea in normal subjects compared to unilateral and bilateral labyrinthectomized subjects. When the subjects were exposed to the moving visual field only (no head movement), pronounced self-vection occurred in all subjects, but with earlier onset in the bilateral labyrinthine defective subjects as compared to normal and unilateral defective subjects. The subjective intensities of self-vections reported by labyrinth-defectives were much more pronounced as compared to normal subjects, and it is apparent that visual input in these subjects achieves much more importance in maintaining compensatory eye movements, and the gain of neck reflexes is enhanced. The findings that visual stimulation is more effective in producing the disabling effects after labyrinthine destruction could possibly be explained by enhancement of vision after loss of labyrinthine sensory input, and the gain in neck reflexes is also enhanced after labyrinthectomy.

scholarly journals Paroxysmal eye–head movements in Glut1 deficiency syndrome

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (17) ◽  
pp. 1666-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni S. Pearson ◽  
Roser Pons ◽  
Kristin Engelstad ◽  
Steven A. Kane ◽  
Michael E. Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Glut1 Deficiency ◽  
Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gaze Saccades

Objective:To describe a characteristic paroxysmal eye–head movement disorder that occurs in infants with Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 101 patients with Glut1 DS to obtain clinical data about episodic abnormal eye movements and analyzed video recordings of 18 eye movement episodes from 10 patients.Results:A documented history of paroxysmal abnormal eye movements was found in 32/101 patients (32%), and a detailed description was available in 18 patients, presented here. Episodes started before age 6 months in 15/18 patients (83%), and preceded the onset of seizures in 10/16 patients (63%) who experienced both types of episodes. Eye movement episodes resolved, with or without treatment, by 6 years of age in 7/8 patients with documented long-term course. Episodes were brief (usually <5 minutes). Video analysis revealed that the eye movements were rapid, multidirectional, and often accompanied by a head movement in the same direction. Eye movements were separated by clear intervals of fixation, usually ranging from 200 to 800 ms. The movements were consistent with eye–head gaze saccades. These movements can be distinguished from opsoclonus by the presence of a clear intermovement fixation interval and the association of a same-direction head movement.Conclusions:Paroxysmal eye–head movements, for which we suggest the term aberrant gaze saccades, are an early symptom of Glut1 DS in infancy. Recognition of the episodes will facilitate prompt diagnosis of this treatable neurodevelopmental disorder.

scholarly journals Eye tracker as an implied social presence: awareness of being eye-tracked induces social-norm-based looking behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoo Keat Wong ◽  
Ian D. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Impact

Human behaviour is not only influenced by the physical presence of others, but also implied social presence. According to Risko and Kingstone (2011), an eye tracker can represent an implied social presence which could influence individuals’ gaze behaviour. This study examines the impact of awareness of being eye-tracked on eye movement behaviour in a laboratory setting.  During a classic yes/no face recognition task, participants were made to believe that their eye movements were recorded (or not recorded) by eye trackers. Their looking patterns with and without the awareness of being eye-tracked were compared while perceiving social (faces, faces-and-bodies) and non-social (inanimate objects) video stimuli. Area-of-interest (AOI) analysis revealed that misinformed participants (who were not aware that their eye movements were being recorded) looked more at the body (chest and waist) compared to informed participants (who believed they were being eye-tracked), whereas informed participants fixated longer on the mouth and shorter on the eyes of female models than misinformed participants did. These findings highlight the potential impact of an awareness of being eye tracked on one’s eye movement pattern when perceiving a social stimulus. We therefore suggest that even within laboratory settings an eye tracker may function as an implied social presence that leads individuals to modify their eye movement behaviour according to socially-derived inhibitory norms.

scholarly journals Comparing mastoid and posterior cervical muscles vibration effects on eye movement in normal subjects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Shaabani ◽  
Najmeh Naghibi ◽  
Enayatollah Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Rehabilitation Hospital ◽  
Slow Phase Velocity

Background and Aim: Vibration is a method for stimulating the vestibular system. This met­hod can unmask asymmetry between two vesti­bular systems (such as unilateral peripheral ves­tibular disorders). The occurrence of vibration-induced nystagmus (VIN) in healthy subjects can affect the diagnosis of patients with uni­lateral peripheral vestibular disorders. Thus, the evaluation of VIN in healthy subjects is critical to help the diagnosis of unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders. Methods: This study was carried out on 72 hea­lthy subjects (mean ± SD age: 27.12 ± 4.97 years) in the Auditory and Balance Clinic of Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital. Vibration sti­mulation with a frequency of 30 and 100 Hz was used on mastoid and posterior cervical mus­cles (PCMs) and simultaneously eye movements were recorded and analyzed using videonystag­mography. Results: The mastoid vibration with a frequ­ency of 30 and 100 Hz, respectively produced VIN in 16.67% and 27.78% of subjects and VIN observed in PCMs vibration with a frequency of 30 and 100 Hz in 4.17% and 9.72% of the subjects. Conclusion: The occurrence of VIN in healthy subjects was more probable with mastoid vib­ration in 100 Hz. In this study, VIN was pre­dominantly horizontal, its direction was toward the stimulated side, and its slow phase velocity was lower than 5 deg/s. These criteria could be used for differentiation between normal and abnormal subjects.

The Development of Inhibition of Return in Early Infancy

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Boylan Clohessy ◽  
Michael I. Posner ◽  
Mary K. Rothbart ◽  
Shaun P. Vecera
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Attention System ◽  
Movement System

The posterior visual spatial attention system involves a number of separable computations that allow orienting to visual locations. We have studied one of these computations, inhibition of return, in 3-, 4-, 6-, 12-, and 18--month-old infants and adults. Our results indicate that this computation develops rapidly between 3 and 6 months, in conjunction with the ability to program eye movements to specific locations. These findings demonstrate that an attention computation involving the mid-brain eye movement system develops after the third month of life. We suggest how this development might influence the infant's ability to represent and expect visual objects.

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