Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Zinc Layered Hydroxide-3-4-Dichlorohenoxy Acetic Acid (ZLH34D) Nanocomposite

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
Norhafiza Mohd Salleh ◽  
Siti Halimah Sarijo ◽  
Anizah Kalam
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Zinc Layered Hydroxide ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A herbicide, 3,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (34D) was successfully intercalated into the zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) by direct reaction with zinc oxide (ZnO) to form a new organic-inorganic zinc layered hydroxide-3,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetate (Z34D) under an aqueous environment. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.5 using 2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The pure phase and well-ordered was synthesized at 0.3 M Z34D. PXRD patterns show well-ordered nanohybrid material with basal spacing at 26.1 Å. The percentage loading of 34D in the Z34D is 57.5 % (w/w) calculated based on the percentage of carbon in the sample. FESEM shows the ZnO precursor has very fine granular structure and transformed into agglomerate structure when the nanohybrid are formed. This work shows that the nanohybrid of Z34D can be synthesized using simple, direct-reaction method.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Layered Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrid of 4-Chlorophenoxyacetate-zinc-Layered Hydroxide with Sustained Release Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zobir Hussein ◽  
Nor Farhana binti Nazarudin ◽  
Siti Halimah Sarijo ◽  
Mohd Ambar Yarmo
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Zinc Layered Hydroxide

A zinc-layered hydroxide-4-chlorophenoxy acetate (4CPA) organic-inorganic nanohybrid was prepared using a simple direct reaction of 4CPA anions with ZnO under an aqueous environment to be used as a controlled release formulation of the herbicide, 4CPA. The concentration of the active agent, 4CPA, was found to be a controlling factor for the formation of a pure phase well-ordered nanolayered hybrid in which it could be synthesised at 0.2 M 4CPA. ZnO shows a well-defined grain structure of variable size in the nanometre range. However, the formation of the 4CPA-ZLH nanohybrid resulted in a flake-like fibrous structure. On heating at 500°C for 5 h under atmospheric conditions, the nanohybrid transformed back to a well-defined grain structure, as previously observed with the starting material, ZnO. The release of 4CPA was found to occur in a controlled manner and was generally governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics.

scholarly journals ONE-POT-TWO-STEP SYNTHESIS OF BIOLUBRICANT BASE STOCK FROM RUBBER SEED OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.O . Madojemu ◽  
E.A. Elimian ◽  
M.C. Ejimadu ◽  
C.O. Okieimen ◽  
F.E. Okieimen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Stock ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Physico Chemical

Biolubricant base stock was synthesized in this work from rubber seed oil in a one-pot-two-step process of epoxidation and hydroxylation. Rubber seed oil was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. The in situ epoxidation of the rubber seed oil with peracid (hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid) was analysed and optimized considering three process variables with their range of values given as temperature of 35-50 , time of 60-180 mins and mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to acetic acid of 1:0.25-1:1 by applying the central composite design of response surface methodology. The ring opening reaction (hydroxylation) of the epoxide to polyhydroxylated oil (lubricant basestock) with ethanol was carried out using the optimum conditions obtained from the epoxidation process. The rubber seed oil, epoxide and lubricant basestock were characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties using standard methods and in terms of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Maximum epoxide content of 4.85% and maximum conversion of 71% of rubber seed oil to epoxide was achieved at a temperature of 50􀀀 , reaction time of 180 mins and 1: 0.39 mol/mol of hydrogen peroxide to acetic acid. The predicted values of the epoxidation process reasonably agreed with the experimental ones and model R-squared value of about 95% showed that response surface method can reasonably predict the epoxidation process using a quadratic polynomial model. There was 75% conversion of the epoxide to polyhydroxylated oil (biolubricant basestock), which represents a very high yield. The formation of epoxides and polyhydroxylated oil lead to modification (improvement) in the properties of rubber seed oil as confirmed by the physico-chemical properties and FTIR spectra analysis of the oil, epoxide and lubricant basestock. The study showed that chemical derivatives of rubber seed oils are an attractive, renewable, and ecofriendly alternative to mineral oils for lubricant formulations.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of Chitosan films

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luminita Balau ◽  
Gabriela Lisa ◽  
M. Popa ◽  
V. Tura ◽  
V. Melnig
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Thermal Investigations ◽  
Fourier Transform Ir ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Chitosan Films ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractChitosan films obtained by dry phase inversion were prepared from an aqueous solution of chitosan in acetic acid. The films, of thickness less than 20 μm, were transparent, very flexible and had smooth surfaces. Increasing the film thickness induced an increase of the internal tensions and the consequent formation of a rough surface. Structural investigations by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform IR analysis, showed that the chitosan films, as prepared, are amorphous. Further annealing to evaporate acetic acid and water traces, changed the amorphous phase into a more ordered phase, characterized by diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 9, 17, 20 and 23 degrees. Thermal investigations by TG, DTG, and DTA revealed that the decomposition of the chitosan films as prepared proceeds in two stages, starting from 180°C and 540°C.

scholarly journals INTERCALATION OF OLYGOMER OF HYDROXYL-CHROMIUM INTO NATURAL KAOLINITE

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Rodiansono Rodiansono ◽  
Reda Ariyantie ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
N2 Sorption

Preparation of a kaolin-hydroxyl chromium composite and characterization of its physico-chemical properties were conducted. The olygomer hydroxyl-chromium was prepared by adding Na2CO3 to 0.1 M chromium nitrate solution (ratio OH/Cr = 2) and then dried at 110 oC and 400 oC for 4 h. Characterization of kaolin-hydroxyl chromium composite includes determination of acidity, functional groups, basal spacing, and surface area (BET-N2 sorption analyzer). The result showed that intercalation of hydroxyl chromium resulted in the decreasing of basal spacing but increased the specific surface area of kaolin. Drying of the intercalated kaolin at 400 oC decreased surface area, total volume pore and pore radius. FT-IR spectra showed that hydroxyl-chromium detected at wavelength of 2925 and 2855 cm-1.   Keywords: natural kaolin, intercalation, olygomer hydroxyl-chromium, kaolin-hydroxyl chromium composite

The effect of mutant genes at the r, rb, rug3, rug4, rug5 and lam loci on the granular structure and physico-chemical properties of pea seed starch

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Y. Bogracheva ◽  
P. Cairns ◽  
T.R. Noel ◽  
S. Hulleman ◽  
T.L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Pea Seed

scholarly journals Removal Properties of Anionic Dye Eosin by Cetyltrimethylammonium Organo-Clays: The Effect of Counter-Ions and Regeneration Studies

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fethi Kooli ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mostafa Abboudi ◽  
Souad Rakass ◽  
Hicham Hassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bromide Solution ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The organo-clays (OCs) were prepared by a cation exchange reaction between surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium, C16TMA) from different counterions (Bromide, Chloride, and Hydroxide). The effect of the counterions was investigated on the physico-chemical properties of the prepared organo-clays. The highest uptake of organic cations (1.60 mmol/g) was achieved using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide solution and the lowest value (0.93 mmol/g) was obtained after modification with cetyl trimethylammonium hydroxide solution starting from the same initial ratio of mmol/g of clay greater than 2.40. The arrangement of C16TMA cations within the interlayer space was assumed to be perpendicular with a tilt angle of 32° to the plane of clay sheets instead of being parallel to the clay surface using C16TMAOH solution at the same ratio. Different techniques were used to characterize these materials. The thermal stability of these organ-clays was investigated using an in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The decomposition of the surfactant moiety occurred at temperatures higher than 215 °C and was accompanied with a shrinkage of the basal spacing value to 1.42 nm. These materials were applied in the removal of an acid dye “eosin.” The removed amount of eosin depended on the initial concentrations and the content of surfactants in the organo-clays. The removal of eosin was found to be an endothermic process. The maximum amount of 90 mg/g was achieved. The preheated treatment temperature of two selected OCs did affect the removal properties of eosin. A progressive reduction was observed at temperatures higher than 200 °C. The regeneration of spent OCs was studied and acceptable removal efficiency was maintained after 4 to 6 cycles depending on the used initial concentrations.

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