AN ANNOTATED LIST OF AND KEYS TO THE IMMATURE BLACK FLIES OF ALBERTA (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (S134) ◽  
pp. 5-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Immature Stages ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Veterinary Importance

AbstractFifty-one species or species complexes of black flies are recorded from Alberta representing the following genera: Cnephia Enderlein (1), Ectemnia Enderlein (2), Gymnopais Stone (1), Mayacnephia Wygodzinsky and Coscarón (1), Metacnephia Crosskey (3), Prosimulium Roubaud (12), Simulium Latreille (29), Stegopterna Enderlein (1), and Twinnia Stone and Jamnback (1). An annotated list summarizes what is known about the bionomics and distribution of each species in the province, including notes on their medical and veterinary importance, where applicable. Illustrated keys to the larvae and pupae of Alberta genera and species are provided. Also included in the keys are 3 species that may occur in the province (one of these in the genus Greniera Doby and David), but whose presence has yet to be verified. A review of some structural characters used for the identification of immature stages of black flies is given. Notes on nomenclature of some characters are also provided. A total of 188 figures, including detailed distribution maps for each species in Alberta, are given.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of immature stages of Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly of medical and veterinary importance

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 3675-3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Martins Mendonça ◽  
Rodrigo Rocha Barbosa ◽  
Lucas Barbosa Cortinhas ◽  
Jacenir Reis dos Santos-Mallet ◽  
Margareth Maria de Carvalho Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Immature Stages ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria ◽  
Veterinary Importance

scholarly journals Co-occurring cryptic species pose challenges for conservation: a case study of the African dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemusspp.) in Cameroon

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Smolensky
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Threatened Taxa ◽  
Population Structures

AbstractThe conservation status of threatened taxa may be obfuscated by the detection of cryptic species complexes, in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. African dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemusspp.) are hunted throughout their range but their conservation status is unknown. Few population assessments have been carried out and there has been a taxonomic revision of the number of species in the genus. The similar morphologies ofOsteolaemus tetraspisandOsteolaemus osbornipose a challenge for conservation in Cameroon, where they are still managed as a single species. Nocturnal spotlight surveys were conducted in three regions during August–November 2010 and December 2011–February 2012 to provide population assessments ofO. tetraspisandO. osborniand raise awareness of the two species in Cameroon. The mean encounter rates ofO. tetraspisandO. osborniwere 1.02 ± SD 1.34 (65 individuals in 39 surveys) and 0.61 ± SD 0.38 (three in four surveys) crocodiles per km, respectively. TheO. tetraspispopulation comprised juveniles predominantly and had a male-biased sex ratio. The fewO. osbornidetected comprised both adults and juveniles. Both species are threatened in Cameroon, based on low encounter rates, young population structures and the threats of habitat loss and hunting pressure. This study provides distribution maps and serves as a baseline to quantify population trends and inform conservation strategies.

Taxonomic Synopsis of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) in Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 416 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISA SILVA CÂNDIDO ◽  
WANDERLEIA DE VARGAS ◽  
LUÍSA MARIA DE PAULA ALVES BEZERRA ◽  
VIDAL DE FREITAS MANSANO ◽  
MOHAMMAD VATANPARAST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Representative Species

Eriosema is a pantropical genus occurring mostly in savanna vegetation and grasslands of tropical environments, with approximately 150 species and two centers of diversity, one in Africa with about 110 species, and the other in the Neotropics with about 40 species. Considering the large number of Eriosema taxa in Brazil, including five recently described, and the lack of recent study that encompasses all species that occur in the country, a taxonomic synopsis of the Brazilian species of Eriosema was needed and is presented here. Herbaria collections, including type specimens, were consulted and field work was carried out in Brazil. Our study records 35 Eriosema species in Brazil, which concentrates most of the diversity of the genus in the Americas (85%; 35 out of 41 species). Most of this diversity occurs in the Central Brazilian savannas, particularly in the states of Goiás (29 taxa, eight endemic), and Minas Gerais (26 taxa, four endemic). Among all American species in the genus, Eriosema simplicifolium and E. crinitum have the broadest geographical distributions, and occur throughout Brazil and most part of the American continent. They form species complexes and future detailed studies will be necessary in order to understand taxon boundaries and delimitations. An identification key, taxon descriptions, information about type specimens as well as information on the habitat, phenological and geographical records, together with distribution maps, images of representative species in the field and the main morphological characters are provided to assist in the correct identification of this group of savanna plants. We also present 15 lectotypifications, out of which three are second-step.

scholarly journals Society Islands beach bum black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4311 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS A. CRAIG ◽  
NEAL L. EVENHUIS
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Society Islands

Aspects of the body of work on the Central and Western Pacific black fly Simulium (Inseliellum) are briefly reviewed. Female adults collected from beaches in Tahiti and Raiatea are described as Simulium (Inseliellum) littopyga n. sp., Simulium (Inseliellum) littosocius n. sp. and Simulium (Inseliellum) littosodalis n. sp.. Immature stages of the three species are not associated. 

The Triatominae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of Veracruz, Mexico: geographic distribution, taxonomic redescriptions, and a key

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3487 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉSAR ANTONIO SANDOVAL-RUIZ ◽  
LUIS CERVANTESPEREDO ◽  
FREDY SEVERO MENDOZA-PALMERO ◽  
SERGIO IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Triatomine Bugs

An annotated list of the triatomine bugs from Veracruz, Mexico, is presented. The list is mainly based on field collections, but also on literature review and museum collections. Ten species in five genera and two tribes are known in the state. Two species, Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille), the most common and widely distributed, and Triatoma gerstaeckeri (Stål), are the most important vectors of Chagas disease in the region. Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Champion), Belminus costarricensis Herrer, Lent & Wygodzinsky, and Eratyrus cuspidatus (Stål) are confined to sylvan habitats in the south of the state. Triatoma rubida (Uhler) probably represent a misidentification. The presence of Meccus pallidipennis Stål, Panstrogylus geniculatus (Latrielle), Triatoma barberi Usinger, and Triatoma infestans (Klug) are fortuitous. GARP distribution maps are provided for T. dimidiata and T. gerstaeckeri. A key to species and photographs of the adults of the ten species are also included.

scholarly journals Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Hita-Garcia ◽  
Ziv Lieberman ◽  
Tracy L Audisio ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Evan P Economo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Ct Data

Abstract Discothyrea Roger, 1863 is a small genus of proceratiine ants with remarkable morphology and biology. However, due to cryptic lifestyle, Discothyrea are poorly represented in museum collections and their taxonomy has been severely neglected. We perform the first comprehensive revision of Discothyrea in the Afrotropical region through a combination of traditional and three-dimensional (3D) cybertaxonomy based on microtomography (micro-CT). Species diagnostics and morphological character evaluations are based on examinations of all physical specimens and virtual analyses of 3D surface models generated from micro-CT data. Additionally, we applied virtual dissections for detailed examinations of cephalic structures to establish terminology based on homology for the first time in Discothyrea. The complete datasets comprising micro-CT data, 3D surface models and videos, still images of volume renderings, and colored stacked images are available online as cybertype datasets (Hita Garcia et al. 2019, http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3qm4183). We define two species complexes (D. oculata and D. traegaordhi complexes) and revise the taxonomy of all species through detailed illustrated diagnostic character plates, a newly developed identification key, species descriptions, and distribution maps. In total, we recognize 20 species; of which, 15 are described as new. We also propose D. hewitti Arnold, 1916 as junior synonym of D. traegaordhi Santschi, 1914 and D. sculptior Santschi, 1913 as junior synonym of D. oculata Emery, 1901. Also, we designate a neotype for D. traegaordhi to stabilize its status and identity, and we designate a lectotype for D. oculata. The observed diversity and endemism are discussed within the context of Afrotropical biogeography and the oophagous lifestyle.

Ecological segregation of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in northern Saskatchewan, Canada

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2113-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. H. Ciborowski ◽  
Peter H. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Habitat Differentiation ◽  
Stream Size ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

We contrasted degree of habitat differentiation of cytospecies groupings with morphotaxon groupings of black flies collected within a small region offering extensive, spatially continuous simuliid larval habitat. Relative abundance of larvae was correlated with 16 physical and chemical attributes of 20 sites on streams near Uranium City, Saskatchewan. Chromosomal and morphological analyses demonstrated the presence of 20 species distributed among 14 morphotaxa. Principal components analysis of physical and chemical measurements distinguished five statistically independent groups of variables that were related to (i) stream size, (ii) pH, conductivity, and turbidity, (iii) oxygen saturation and substrate particle size, (iv) proximity to lake outlets, and (v) current velocity. Cytospecies belonging to species complexes tended to reach maximum relative abundances at different points along environmental gradients related to stream size and proximity to lake outlets. Cluster analysis of similarity in relative abundance of cytospecies among the 20 sites delineated seven groups. Reanalysis of sites according to morphotaxon data produced six groups. There was only partial congruence between groupings of the two analyses. Cytotaxonomic group sites were each characterized by a distinctive combination of stream size and proximity to an outlet. In contrast, sites classified as having similar morphotaxa were not environmentally distinct from river sites characterized by different morphotaxon assemblages. Thus, simuliid cytospecies represent distinct ecological entities, each adapted to particular suites of environmental variables.

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF CANADA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227-1230
Author(s):  
David J. Lewis ◽  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Maritime Canada

AbstractTwenty species of black flies are now recorded from the Maritime Provinces of Canada. These include five species of Prosimulium, two species of Cnephia, and 13 species of Simulium. With the exception of S. vernum Meigen, all species have been previously recorded from maritime Canada. The known biology of these black flies is summarized and includes information on overwintering stages, larval and pupal habitats, adult emergence and feeding habits, and seasonal occurrence and abundance.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution of preimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of a sub-basin of the Uruguay river basin, southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e946
Author(s):  
Patricia Maria Limberger ◽  
David Augusto Reynalte Tataje ◽  
Darlan Novicki ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marmilicz Junior ◽  
Milton Norberto Strieder
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Blood Sucking

Adult females of most black flies species (Diptera, Simuliidae) exhibit a blood-sucking habit. Immature stages develop in water courses and are important in the ecology of lotic environments. We aim to understand the distribution of immature simuliids in the hydrographic sub-basin of the Comandaí river, in Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For that purpose, simuliids were sampled in three stretches (source, intermediate and mouth) of nine streams, distributed along the three main regions of the sub-basin. Evaluations of the influence of abiotic factors in different spatial and temporal scales were made. Sampling was carried out in two seasons: between September and November 2016 (spring), and between April and July 2017 (autumn). In total, 17,146 individuals were sampled (larvae of last instars and pupae), which resulted in the identification of eleven Simuliidae species. The most abundant species were Simulium pertinax Kollar (77.55%), followed by Simulium incrustatum Lutz (14.56%) and Simulium subpallidum Lutz (2.35%). Regarding the identification of indicator species, S. pertinax, Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon, S. subpallidum and Simulium orbitale Lutz stood out in mouth stretches, and Simulium rubrithorax Lutz in source stretches. Environmental variables such as conductivity, altitude, canopy cover and stream width were interpreted as important conditioning factors for the distribution of simuliid immature stages. In general, we concluded that Simuliidae are more abundant during spring in the study area, mainly downstream. This information may contribute to the implementation of efficient measures to control species of health importance in southern Brazil.  

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