scholarly journals Improving the performance of a ploughing tractor by means of an auxiliary carriage with motorized axle

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Volodymyr Nadykto ◽  
Semjons Ivanovs ◽  
Ilmars Dukulis
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Saddle Type ◽  
Draft Resistance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technological Module ◽  
Agricultural Machines ◽  
Ploughing Depth

The article describes the analysis of results from field tests on ploughing units based on a modular draft device (MDD). This device is named MDD-100 and consists of an energy module and a technological module. The energy module is a universal tractor with a rated draft resistance of 16 kN. The technological module is an additional axle, equipped with an active wheel drive, a threepoint hitch linkage, and a saddle-type semi-trailer. During the working process, the draft resistance of the energy and the technological modules of the MDD-100 add up. As a result, the draft resistance of the latter may reach 26 kN, and more. This allows the MDD-100 to be classified as a draft device in traction class 3 and be used with agricultural machines with a large working width. The MDD-100 was tested with a five-bottom mounted plough with a working width of 1.75 m and a draft resistance of 24-28 kN. The best option for driving the MDD-100 with a plough was its movement with the right-side wheels in the furrow. The draft resistance of the plough would decrease by 12.0%, if the option of the MDD-100 outside the furrow is used. This ensured a 12.8% reduction in the skidding of the MDD-100 wheels and a 13.1% decrease of fuel consumption for the ploughing unit. Compared to a 4WD tractor, the use of a modular draft device with a 6WD wheel arrangement offered a greater stability of the ploughing depth.

scholarly journals Traction performance simulation for mechanical front wheel drive tractors: towards a practical computer tool

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Battiato ◽  
E. Diserens ◽  
L. Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Computer Tool ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Drawbar Pull

An analytical model to simulate the traction performance of mechanical front wheel drive MFWD tractors was developed at the Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART. The model was validated via several field tests in which the relationship between drawbar pull and slip was measured for four MFWD tractors of power ranging between 40 and 123 kW on four arable soils of different texture (clay, clay loam, silty loam, and loamy sand). The pulling tests were carried out in steady-state controlling the pulling force along numerous corridors. Different configurations of tractors were considered by changing the wheel load and the tyre pressure. Simulations of traction performance matched experimental results with good agreement (mean error of 8% with maximum and minimum values of 17% and 1% respectively). The model was used as framework for developing a new module for the excel application TASCV3.0.xlsm, a practical computer tool which compares different tractor configurations, soil textures and conditions, in order to determine variants which make for better traction performance, this resulting in saving fuel and time, i.e. reducing the costs of tillage management.

Charles Bonnet syndrome as first manifestation of occipital infarction

2022 ◽  
pp. 112067212110697
Author(s):  
Marta Isabel Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Gema Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
The Right

Purpose To describe a case of Charles Bonnet syndrome as the first manifestation of occipital infarction in a patient with preserved visual acuity. Observations We report a 78-year-old man followed in our department with a two-month-long history of visual hallucinations based on the vision of flowers and fruits intermittently, being perceived as unreal images. Best-corrected visual acuity was stable in the follow-up time being 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Extraocular muscle function testing, pupillary reflexes, biomicroscopy, fundus and optical coherence tomography examinations did not reveal any interesting findings. In order to rule out occipital pathology, orbital-cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was performed, showing an image compatible with the chronic ischemic right occipital lesion. The patient was diagnosed with Charles Bonnet syndrome secondary to occipital infarction and neurology decided that no treatment was required. 24-2 and 10-2 visual field tests showed no remarkable alterations and Full-field 120 point screening test showed nonspecific peripheral defects. Hallucinations improved over the months, being described as not annoying and increasingly infrequent. Conclusions and Importance Charles Bonnet syndrome is a condition characterized by the presence of recurrent and complex visual hallucinations in patients with visual pathway pathologic defects. Visual acuity or visual field loss is not a requirement for diagnosis. Charles Bonnet syndrome should be suspected in all patients with non-disturbing visual hallucinations, even though they present good visual acuteness. It will be essential to perform complementary explorations to identify the underlying pathology that allows the starting of a correct treatment option.

An Electrotherapy Based on the Natural Sequence of Motor Unit Action Potentials: A Laboratory Trial

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Kidd ◽  
JA Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

An electrotherapy based on a computer analysis of results obtained by analytical electromyography has been put to laboratory trial. Twenty-seven normal subjects received comparative regimes of electrotherapy each of which occupied three continuous hours each day for seven weeks. A comparison of the effectiveness on increasing fatigue resistance to voluntary effort of the first dorsal interosseus in the right, dominant hand was made. All electrotherapies employed had a mean frequency of stimulation of approximately 10Hz. The difference between them was found in the changes of pattern of stimulation which was exactly based on the changing patterns of discharge of slow motor units in normal muscle as it was progressively fatigued. The ability of the electrotherapies to induce fatigue resistance of the muscle was directly related to the extent of fatigue of the motor unit from which the pattern of discharge, which formed the basis of the technique, had been extracted. Electrotherapies with patterns randomized from naturally occurring patterns are shown to be without effect on increasing the fatigue resistance of normal muscle. The significance of the results from the points of view of rehabilitation and of signal analysis are discussed.

Evolution of a U.S.-ECE Improved Headlamp Beam

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
R.G. Mortimer ◽  
P.L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Visibility Distance ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S

Conventional U.S. and European headlamps were used as a basis for comparison with three experimental mid beams in field tests to evaluate visibility and glare of alternative “meeting” beams. Mean visibility distances of targets to the left of the drivers, at the center line of the two lane road used, were about half of those for the targets at the right side of the lane. Visibility distance of targets at the left of the lane were slightly greater with the ECE low and the mid beam using the ECE low beam than the other beams, but only close to the meeting point. Mean visibility of targets on the right of the lane was up to 24% greater with mid beams than either U.S. or ECE low beams. Discomfort glare was rated the same for all beams for targets on the right; but less for the ECE low beam and the mid beam using the ECE low beam than the mid beams using the U.S. low beam when observing targets on the left. It was concluded that improved meeting beams should use headlamps similar to the ECE low beam for urban driving, augmented by a third lamp such as the U.S. “type III” lamps used in these tests to form the “ECE-US mid beam” for use as a meeting beam on two lane and divided highways.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Harvesting Quality of Redcurrant with a Trailed Combine

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Grażyna Szmajda ◽  
Tomasz Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Moisture Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Rain Fall

AbstractField tests on the quality of shaking off redcurrant fruit Rosetta cultivar with a half-row trailer harvester “Marek” produced by Dom-Wid were carried out. The tests were performed at two average working speeds ῡ1 = 0.47 m·s−1; ῡ2 = 0.60 m·s−1 and two rotational speeds of a tractor n1 = 1500 rpm; n2 = 1900 rpm. The length and diameter of shoots of redcurrant, length of a bunch, number of fruits in a bunch and mass of fruit were measured. Weather conditions were presented: rain fall, air temperature and moisture. Analysis of results showed that the working speed and the rotational speed has a significant impact on the quality and amount of the yield. At the highest rotations, the harvesting quality of fruit by a harvester was the worst and was 77.15%.

scholarly journals Results of flaw detection of parts of the «shaft - pinion bushing» connection of agricultural machinery reducers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042045
Author(s):  
N Zh Shkaruba ◽  
O A Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Abstract The article has devoted to solving an urgent problem related to the fault detection of the main parts of gearboxes. A study of the dimensions of new and worn parts, forming the connection «shaft - pinion bushing» Ø4ON7/k6 in the gearboxes of agricultural machines had carried out. It was found that the defect in size is 12.45 %, and the defect in shaft size is 8.69 %. It had found that the greatest wear of the holes when reaching 0.082 mm, about 19 % of the gears must be replaced due to the excess of the inner diameter, the shafts wear up to 0.12 mm and about 23 % of the shafts have rejected. It has shown that a transitional fit is assigned in the new joint, as evidenced by the presence of both clearances and interferences, and interferences predominate. The defect to the left of the span of a fit is 0.91 % and to the right is 0.47 %. This indicates that all new holes and shafts can be allowed for assembly, including those provided by defect, but as a result, there will be practically no defect in the joints. When joints have formed from worn parts, above 25 % of rejects at the maximum clearance, therefore, flaw detection and complete control in this case are necessary.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Friction and Resistance, Generating Sources of Optimal Points in the Energy Field of Agricultural Aggregates Working Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Petru Cârdei ◽  
Alexandros Alexiou ◽  
Mircea Bădescu ◽  
Valentin VladuŃ ◽  
Nicolae Constantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nonlinear Friction ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Resistance To Deformation ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The paper presents a point of view on the main sources that can generate some optimal points in the energy field of the agricultural machines working processes. It looks like a possible source of the existence of optimal points in the energetic field of work processes of agricultural machinery and equipment, are the coefficients of friction and specific resistance to deformation of soil. In the news models these coefficients became nonlinear functions. Similar forms are given for all three coefficients and is shown the existence of optimal points. They make some considerations about this method and include results obtained using it.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Challenges of Tehran Metro Line 7 (South Northern Route)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Farzad Sadjadi ◽  
Ahad Bagherzadeh Khalkhali
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Geological Hazards ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
The Right

Tunneling in urban areas, has raised the level of difficulty and challenge in respecting the constraints deriving from human presence and, therefore, the necessity for the study of geological and geotechnical properties and parameter, classification of the soils according to their engineering behavior, choosing the right TBM, determine groundwater level and determining possible geological hazards. In this paper some geological and geotechnical study took place along the tunnel route. This investigation is done by the result of 73 machinery borehole and 32 manual borehole that took place in the process of studying the tunnel route and continued by the result of field tests and laboratory tests and according to the result, the geological zone classified in 6 zone in tunnel route; due to the result of Cerchar abrasivity test and since Alluvial soil is the main soil in most of the tunneling route, the excavation soil classified as highly abrasive. In some part of tunneling there is a risk of clogging due to the high amount of clay. Based on the results of Lofran tests the permeability of most of the classified soils in route of the tunnel was obtained less that 10E-7 m/s.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Potentiometric Methods Used For Crack Detection In Forging Tools

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Jozef Pilc ◽  
Mário Drbúl ◽  
Dana Stančeková ◽  
Daniel Varga ◽  
Juraj Martinček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Working Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Increased use of forging tools in mass production causes their increased wear and creates pressure to design more efficient renovation process. Renovation is complicated because of the identification of cracks expanding from the surface to the core material. Given that the production of forging tools is expensive, caused by the cost of tool steels and the thermo-chemical treatment, it is important to design forging tool with its easy renovation in mind. It is important to choose the right renovation technology, which will be able to restore the instrument to its original state while maintaining financial rentability. Choosing the right technology is difficult because of nitrided and heat-treated surface for high hardness and wear resistance. Article discusses the use of non-destructive method of detecting cracks taking into account the size of the cracks formed during working process.

scholarly journals FODDER CUTTER MACHINE INJURIES OF HAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Kishor Man Shrestha ◽  
Bipan Shrestha ◽  
Prakriti Raj Kandel ◽  
Rajiv Baral ◽  
Alok Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hand Injury ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Functional Capability ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Introduction: Fodder cutter machine injuries of the hand are common accidents faced in agriculture sectors requiring a specialist and contributing to severe disability and morbidity which directly affect the functional capability of an individual. However studies on these injuries have not been conducted in this country (Nepal) so we conducted this study to identify epidemiological risk factors (age, sex, site of injury, day of injury and the severity of the injury) attending Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS-TH),  Bhairahawa. Material and Methods: This is hospital based observational study conducted at UCMS-TH, Bhairahawa among the patients attending with hand injury caused by fodder cutting machine. The study period was from August 2011 to August 2013.Results: Fifty five patients (31.7%), out of 175 patients with hand injury attending the casualty department of the hospital were caused by fodder cutter machines. The injury was more common in children below 15 yrs with the mean age of 15.755 yrs (2-57 yrs) while playing in the field (72.7%). Out of that in 25.5% of cases the injury had occurred on Saturday being a weekly holiday in Nepal. In the present study, 60% of cases were males and 49.1 % of cases had fracture of bones with high incidence of injury of the right hand which was 52.7%. Most of the cases having fractures were of Gustilo II variety (51.8%) and 90% of cases were of minor to moderate grades of severity of hand injury on grading by HISS grading.Conclusion: In the present study, most of the injuries of hand were caused by fodder cutter machine that leads to the potential for serious handicap more commonly in the children below 15yrs. So, the efforts should be made by concern authorities for improving the knowledge for safe handling and production of safer agricultural machines to reduce the accidents as well as provision of standard but affordable healthcare for victims of the accidents to reduce the accidental disability.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 14-18

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