scholarly journals Results of flaw detection of parts of the «shaft - pinion bushing» connection of agricultural machinery reducers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042045
Author(s):  
N Zh Shkaruba ◽  
O A Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Abstract The article has devoted to solving an urgent problem related to the fault detection of the main parts of gearboxes. A study of the dimensions of new and worn parts, forming the connection «shaft - pinion bushing» Ø4ON7/k6 in the gearboxes of agricultural machines had carried out. It was found that the defect in size is 12.45 %, and the defect in shaft size is 8.69 %. It had found that the greatest wear of the holes when reaching 0.082 mm, about 19 % of the gears must be replaced due to the excess of the inner diameter, the shafts wear up to 0.12 mm and about 23 % of the shafts have rejected. It has shown that a transitional fit is assigned in the new joint, as evidenced by the presence of both clearances and interferences, and interferences predominate. The defect to the left of the span of a fit is 0.91 % and to the right is 0.47 %. This indicates that all new holes and shafts can be allowed for assembly, including those provided by defect, but as a result, there will be practically no defect in the joints. When joints have formed from worn parts, above 25 % of rejects at the maximum clearance, therefore, flaw detection and complete control in this case are necessary.

Comparison of the Aditus ad Antrum Diameter on CT between Patients with Chronic Otitis Media and Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Gündoğdu ◽  
Uğur Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right

Background: The middle ear cavity is ventilated through the aditus ad antrum. Aditus blockage contributes to the pathology of otitis media. Objective: To determine the normal values of the aditus ad antrum diameter on computed tomography and to investigate its relationship with chronic otitis media and related pathologies (tympanosclerosis and myringosclerosis). Methods: The temporal CT images of 162 individuals were evaluated retrospectively. In the axial sections, the inner diameter of the aditus was measured at the narrowest point at the cortex. The differences in diameter were compared between diseased and healthy ears. Results: In healthy individuals, the diameter was narrower in women. There was no difference between the right and left ears in healthy subjects. No correlation was found between age and diameter. In male patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter was slightly narrower on both sides but more marked on the left. In female patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter in both ears was slightly narrower. In cases of otitis media and tympanosclerosis, the diameter was less than that of healthy individuals, despite the lack of statistically significant result in all cases. Conclusion: The aditus ad antrum was narrower in diseased ears, indicating that a blocked aditus may contribute to the development of otitis media, as well as mucosal diseases.

Strategies of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Aleksey S. Dorokhov ◽  
Aleksandr V. Denisov ◽  
Aleksey A. Solomashkin ◽  
Valeriy S. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Modern machines are subject to progressive wear that occurs at different rates, which leads to unpredictable failures that reduce the reliability and durability of machines. The strategy of maintenance and repair is aimed at eliminating these problems. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the basic principles of the strategy of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in order to ensure control of the technical condition of machine parts. (Materials and methods) When resource diagnostics is used, , the allowable value of the parameter is set in advance for a part . This value is the tolerance that corresponds to a certain wear rate of the part. The tolerance is set based on the condition that if the current value of the controlled resource parameter during the next diagnosis is less than the set value, then such a part at the current value of the wear rate can be finalized until the next inter-control check. Taking into account the wear rate of the same type of parts from the group when determining the allowable wear during their resource diagnostics becomes an urgent task. (Results and discussions) As a result of research, the article presents "Methodology for determining the main indicators of reliability of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates" and "Methodology for determining the tolerance system of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates". (Conclusions) The article presents the tolerance system that reduces the probability of failure of machine parts in operation. During resource diagnostics, those parts whose resource parameters exceed the tolerance are rejected.

scholarly journals Applications of Discrete Element Method in the Research of Agricultural Machinery: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Hongbo Zhao ◽  
Yuxiang Huang ◽  
Zhengdao Liu ◽  
Wenzheng Liu ◽  
Zhiqi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Element Method ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Design Of Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Operational Processes ◽  
Dem Model ◽  
Agricultural Machines ◽  
Element Method

As a promising and convenient numerical calculation approach, the discrete element method (DEM) has been increasingly adopted in the research of agricultural machinery. DEM is capable of monitoring and recording the dynamic and mechanical behavior of agricultural materials in the operational process of agricultural machinery, from both a macro-perspective and micro-perspective; which has been a tremendous help for the design and optimization of agricultural machines and their components. This paper reviewed the application research status of DEM in two aspects: First is the DEM model establishment of common agricultural materials such as soil, crop seed, and straw, etc. The other is the simulation of typical operational processes of agricultural machines or their components, such as rotary tillage, subsoiling, soil compaction, furrow opening, seed and fertilizer metering, crop harvesting, and so on. Finally, we evaluate the development prospects of the application of research on the DEM in agricultural machinery, and look forward to promoting its application in the field of the optimization and design of agricultural machinery.

scholarly journals Approaches to the robotization of agricultural mobile machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 03014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Serebrenny ◽  
Madin Shereuzhev ◽  
Ivan Metasov
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Autonomous Machines ◽  
Autonomous Movement ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Agriculture is the extremely important and developing economic movement in all times. Automation of agricultural machines occurs by different ways. One way is through the creation of specialized technical solutions for the required technological processes, another way is the construction of automatic agricultural machines, including mobile ones. The state of modern technology allows to create autonomous machines. The agriculture robotization trends are the high precision and unmanned farming. The article considers the issues of robotization of agricultural machinery. Stages of robotization of agricultural mobile machines were analyzed. The factors affecting the autonomous movement of mobile agrorobots were shown.

scholarly journals Improving the performance of a ploughing tractor by means of an auxiliary carriage with motorized axle

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Volodymyr Nadykto ◽  
Semjons Ivanovs ◽  
Ilmars Dukulis
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Saddle Type ◽  
Draft Resistance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technological Module ◽  
Agricultural Machines ◽  
Ploughing Depth

The article describes the analysis of results from field tests on ploughing units based on a modular draft device (MDD). This device is named MDD-100 and consists of an energy module and a technological module. The energy module is a universal tractor with a rated draft resistance of 16 kN. The technological module is an additional axle, equipped with an active wheel drive, a threepoint hitch linkage, and a saddle-type semi-trailer. During the working process, the draft resistance of the energy and the technological modules of the MDD-100 add up. As a result, the draft resistance of the latter may reach 26 kN, and more. This allows the MDD-100 to be classified as a draft device in traction class 3 and be used with agricultural machines with a large working width. The MDD-100 was tested with a five-bottom mounted plough with a working width of 1.75 m and a draft resistance of 24-28 kN. The best option for driving the MDD-100 with a plough was its movement with the right-side wheels in the furrow. The draft resistance of the plough would decrease by 12.0%, if the option of the MDD-100 outside the furrow is used. This ensured a 12.8% reduction in the skidding of the MDD-100 wheels and a 13.1% decrease of fuel consumption for the ploughing unit. Compared to a 4WD tractor, the use of a modular draft device with a 6WD wheel arrangement offered a greater stability of the ploughing depth.

scholarly journals V-belt transmissions of agricultural machines

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
N.P. Balovnev ◽  
◽  
Y.I. Brovkina ◽  
L.A. Dmitrieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Loading ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Guide Roller ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The article is devoted to the analysis of design features and operating conditions of V-belt trans-missions of agricultural machinery. When designing these gears, it is recommended to give prefer-ence to gears made according to an open circuit or with a tension roller located outside the belt con-tour, to avoid cross and semi-cross gears, as well as multi-pulley gears with crossing shaft axles. To make the wider use of more progressive types of belts. It was shown that the features of V-belt transmissions of agricultural machinery require clarification of the methods for calculating trans-missions with progressive types of V-belts and automatic belt tensioning methods. It was noted that special attention should be paid to transmissions with multi-profile belts, which calculation has not been sufficiently reflected in domestic regulatory documents. The advantages of such belts are es-pecially noticeable under variable and shock loading. Based on the analysis, the recommendations for clarifying the calculation of belt drives with multi-profile belts were given. Analytical dependencies are proposed for determining the value of the nominal power transmitted by one belt (stream) of a multi-profile belt, allowing automation of the calculation of V-belt transmissions of agricultural machinery. For gears with a tension or guide roller that add an extra (sometimes reverse) bend of the belt, it is proposed to determine the coeffi-cient taking into account different degrees of bending on the pulleys according to a graph built tak-ing into account the linear hypothesis of summation of damages. It is recommended to calculate gears with spring-loaded tensioning rollers and design tensioning devices for such transmissions using a special method that takes into account the belt tensioning method. At the same time, the required value of the pre-tension of the belt can be significantly re-duced, which will have a positive effect on its resource, without losing the traction capacity of the transmission itself. Expressions are given for finding the value of the pre-tension of belts, both for gears with tension due to the elasticity of the belt, and for gears with spring-loaded tension rollers. Conclusions and directions for further research are formulated.

scholarly journals Technical dynamic capabilities in the opinion of Polish producers from the agricultural machines sector1

Management ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-284
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nogalski ◽  
Przemysław Niewiadomski ◽  
Agnieszka Szpitter
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Summary The main aim of this paper is to develop a model of key technical dynamic capabilities providing implementation flexibility of manufacturing companies of the Polish agricultural sector. Achieving the main target required to formulate sub-targets, to which the following have been included: the query of subject literature remaining in a direct relation to the topic of the research, which, in the authors’ intention, will find its expression in the developed definition of technical dynamic capabilities. At the design level, it is essential to search for the answer to the question: what technical capabilities imply dynamic flexibility of the Polish manufacturers of the agricultural machinery sector?, while, at the empirical level, to prioritize individual technical dynamic capabilities and determine what deficiencies in this area are characteristic for the studied companies.

Experimental Study on Compression Strain of Polyurethane Rubber for Isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Compression Strain ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Great Damage

Earthquake will cause great damage to a large number of buildings and structures, resulting in a large number of casualties and huge economic losses, so reducing the earthquake disaster has become an urgent problem for earthquake engineering workers. Isolation technology emerges at the right moment, and gradually becomes an effective technology of building seismic mitigation. The most effective isolation technology is to use rubber isolation bearing, but the change of the compression strain field of rubber material has no feasible law so far, and the properties of rubber material will directly affect the performance of the isolation bearing, resulting in the reduction of the isolation effect of buildings or structures. Therefore, this paper studies the change of strain field of rubber under compression.

TECHNICAL PROGRESS OF THE PEASANT HOLDING IN KOSTROMS PROVINCE IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Kirill Baldin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Economic Consciousness ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The article is devoted to the distribution of advanced agricultural machinery among peasants of Kostroma Province in the early 20th century. The economic consciousness of most peasants at this time was very conservative. They used outdated machinery and traditional land-processing techniques. The author considers the propaganda of new technology among peasants, Zemstvo demonstrated to them the advantages of new machines. After that, Zemstvo offered equipment to peasants for rent. In order for it to be available, rental fees were minimal and the network of rent points was branched. After that, the Zemstvo offered peasants to buy agricultural achines. This could be done in the agricultural warehouses that were available in each county. At the same time, the Zemstvo did not receive great benefit from the sale of equipment. The peasants used mainly agricultural machines that were produced in Russia. The activities of Zemstvo contributed to the technical progress of Russia’s agriculture, many peasants already had ploughs, seedlings, sorting machines and other advanced equipment. Of course, not all peasants could buy such machines because of their pretty high cost.

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