scholarly journals Insulin, glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate responses to a medium-chain triglyceride-based sports supplement: A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Wood ◽  
Christopher Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

There is a current trend in endurance sports to move athletes towards a low-carbohydrate diet or use periods of low carbohydrate consumption to increase both health and performance. As a result, a market is developing for sports supplements to provide nutritional support during training and racing for athletes who follow a low-carbohydrate lifestyle. PHAT FIBRE (PF) is a powdered sports supplement that includes medium-chain triglycerides suspended in a digestion-resistant carbohydrate and is tailored to the needs of low-carb athletes. Eleven healthy participants were administered 25 g of PF after an overnight fast. After 30 minutes, median blood glucose increased by 6 mg/dl from 94 mg/dl to 100 mg/dl (p = 0.002). At the same time points, median blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increased from 0.3 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L. The increase in BHB was significant (p = 0.02) after excluding one outlier who had elevated levels of fasting BHB. Insulin levels did not change significantly at any point during the study. In a single participant, a revised formulation of PF (PFv2) produced a 0.6 mmol/L increase in BHB with no effect on blood glucose. These data suggest that PF can provide a source of energy for the low-carb athlete by supporting ketone production without negatively impacting insulin or blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Efecto del consumo de hidratos de carbono en los deportes de resistencia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ricardo LÓPEZ-SOLÍS ◽  
Brenda Hildeliza CAMACHO-DÍAZ ◽  
Roberto CAMPOS-MENDIOLA ◽  
María Araceli ORTÍZ-RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of carbohydrate consumption on endurance sports. Due to the promotion of physical activity by health authorities, participation in endurance sports is increasing. Regardless of the level, athletes look for ways to optimize their performance through training and nutrition. In consequence, research in the field of sports nutrition has focused on those strategies that can improve performance. Fatigue during prolonged exercise is associated with depletion of muscle glycogen and reduced blood glucose concentrations. Therefore, carbohydrate feeding during exercise has shown that it can improve capacity and performance, because it helps maintain blood glucose levels, as well as, increase carbohydrate oxidation rates and preserve glycogen, finding better results when are consumed multiple-tranportable carbohydrates for absortion (e.g., fructose and glucose), since in this way is possible to increase absorption rates, gastric emptying and fluid absorption, in addition to decrease gastrointestinal distress.

Introducing a very low carbohydrate diet for a child with type 1 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019
Author(s):  
Caroline de Souza Bosco Paiva ◽  
Maria Helena Melo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a serious autoimmune disease for which no cure is available. The treatment includes insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. The goal is to keep blood glucose levels close to normal most of the time to delay or prevent complications. Despite the increase in the use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors in recent years, the management of type 1 diabetes remains suboptimal in terms of glycaemic control and normal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. This article discusses the case of a child with type 1 diabetes who was successfully treated with a very low-carbohydrate diet, resulting in normal levels of HbA1c and normal blood glucose 95% of the time in a range of 70–180 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L−10 mmol/L). Therefore, further studies are needed to verify how a very low carbohydrate diet impacts child development.

scholarly journals Prolonged diabetic ketoacidosis associated with canagliflozin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Sloan ◽  
Tania Kakoudaki ◽  
Nishant Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
List Type ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Summary We report a case of a 63-year-old man who developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) associated with canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. He presented acutely unwell with a silent myocardial infarction, diverticulitis and DKA with a minimally raised blood glucose level. Standard therapy for DKA was initiated. Despite this, ketonaemia persisted for a total of 12 days after discontinuation of canagliflozin. Glucosuria lasting for several days despite discontinuation of the medications is a recognised phenomenon. However, this is the longest duration of ketonaemia to be reported. The cause of prolonged SGLT-2 inhibition remains uncertain. Deviation from the normal DKA treatment protocol and use of personalised regimens may be required in order to prevent relapse into ketoacidosis while avoiding hypoglycaemia in those that develop this condition. Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet. In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated. Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor. Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.

scholarly journals Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with type 1 diabetes: an interventional study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Turton ◽  
Grant D. Brinkworth ◽  
Helen M. Parker ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
David Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition characterised by pancreatic beta cell destruction and absolute insulin deficiency. The varying impact of dietary factors on blood glucose levels is well-known, yet there remains a lack of consensus surrounding the optimal dietary approaches to achieve glycaemic control in T1D. The aim of this research is to assess the efficacy of a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet in adults with T1D. We will set out to determine whether significant differences in T1D management outcomes exist between a LC diet and habitual diets higher in carbohydrate. Our primary hypothesis is that a LC diet will result in improved T1D management compared to habitual diets higher in carbohydrates. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a 28-week single arm within-participant intervention study involving a 4-week control period, a 12-week intervention period and a 12-week follow-up. We plan to recruit 20 adults (18-60 years) with T1D (duration ≥6 months) who have suboptimal glycaemic control (HbA1c&gt;7.0%). The primary outcome is haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and secondary outcomes include glycaemic variability, frequency of hypoglycaemia, total daily insulin, and quality of life. This LC diet will start at 50 g of digestible carbohydrate per day and then there will be opportunity to increase or decrease within a broader range of 25-75 g/day according to individual blood glucose levels and personal preference.  Participants will meet individually with the study dietitian for a total of six fortnightly sessions to receive dietary instruction, strategies, and education. Participants will continue to work with a member of their usual diabetes care team for specific advice regarding insulin management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><em> </em>Current dietary management strategies for T1D appear to be lacking in effect and additional dietary therapies, including LC diets, require urgent consideration. Therefore, an interventional study investigating a patient-led LC dietary approach will be of important clinical relevance for healthcare practitioners and may help to better inform clinical practice guidelines for T1D management.</p><p><strong>Trial Registration<em>: </em></strong>https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621000764831.aspx <em></em></p>

scholarly journals Differential effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet on body composition and metabolic profile in obese diabetic db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001303
Author(s):  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Shigefumi Yokota ◽  
Mika Shimizu ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
Masashi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

IntroductionTreatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation. However, their mechanisms of action differ, and the effects on the body remain unclear. We investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and LCD on body composition and metabolic profile using the db/db mouse model for obesity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsEight-week-old male db/db mice were divided into four groups: mice receiving normal diet and vehicle or canagliflozin (Cana) administration and mice receiving LCD and vehicle or Cana administration for 8 weeks. Consumed calories were adjusted to be equal among the groups.ResultsBoth Cana administration and LCD feeding resulted in significant weight gain. Cana administration significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels with preservation of pancreatic β cells. However, LCD feeding did not improve plasma glucose levels but deteriorated insulin sensitivity. LCD feeding significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content; these effects were not observed with Cana administration. Combined treatment with LCD did not lead to an additive increase in blood β-ketone levels.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors and LCD exert differential effects on the body. Their combined use may achieve better metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Low-Carbohydrate Diet Inhibits Different Advanced Glycation End Products in Kidney Depending on Lipid Composition but Causes Adverse Morphological Changes in a Non-Obese Model Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2801
Author(s):  
Tomoko Kaburagi ◽  
Kazuma Kanaki ◽  
Yuko Otsuka ◽  
Rumi Hino
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
End Products

Low carbohydrate diets (LC diets) have been noted for adverse health effects. In addition, the effect of lipid composition on an LC diet is unclear. In this study, we used an LC diet containing two different lipids, lard (LC group) and medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT-LC group), to examine the effect of an LC diet in non-obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed the control diet or one of the experimental diets ad libitum for 13 weeks. Increased renal weight and glomerular hypertrophy, as well as enlargement of intraglomerular small vessels with wall thickening, were seen in the LC and MCT-LC groups. Renal AMP-activated protein kinase activity was significantly decreased only in the LC diet group. On the other hand, epididymal adipose tissue weight and adipocyte area were markedly decreased only in the MCT-LC group. A positive effect was also observed in the kidney, where different advanced glycation end products, Nε-(carboxyethyl)-lysine and Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine, were inhibited depending on the lipid composition of the LC diet. Our findings suggest that, in non-obese conditions, low dietary intake of carbohydrates had both positive and negative impacts. The safety of diets low in carbohydrates, including the effects of fatty acid composition, requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of a nutritional Formulation in patients with ANgelman Syndrome (FANS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Herber ◽  
Edwin J. Weeber ◽  
Dominic P. D’Agostino ◽  
Jessica Duis
Keyword(s):  
Angelman Syndrome ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Abstract Background Ketogenic and low-glycemic-index diets are effective in treating drug-resistant seizures in children with Angelman syndrome. Cognition, mobility, sleep, and gastrointestinal health are intrinsically linked to seizure activity and overall quality of life. Ketogenic and low-glycemic diets restrict carbohydrate consumption and stabilize blood glucose levels. The ketogenic diet induces ketosis, a metabolic state where ketone bodies are preferentially used for fuel. The use of exogenous ketones in promoting ketosis in Angelman syndrome has not been previously studied. The study formulation evaluated herein contains the exogenous ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate to rapidly shift the body towards ketosis, resulting in enhanced metabolic efficiency. Methods/design This is a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to assess the safety and tolerability of a nutritional formula containing exogenous ketones. It also examines the potential for exogenous ketones to improve the patient’s nutritional status which can impact the physiologic, symptomatic, and health outcome liabilities of living with Angelman syndrome. Discussion This manuscript outlines the rationale for a study designed to be the first to provide data on nutritional approaches for patients with Angelman syndrome using exogenous ketones. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03644693. Registered on 23 August 2018. Last updated on 23 August 2018.

Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Cats with Glargine Insulin Improves Glycaemic Control and Results in Higher Probability of Remission than Protamine Zinc and Lente Insulins

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Marshall ◽  
J.S. Rand ◽  
J.M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glargine Insulin ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Glycaemic control and remission probabilities were compared in 24 newly diagnosed diabetic cats treated twice daily with either glargine, protamine zinc (PZI) or lente insulin and fed a low carbohydrate diet. After day 17, the probability of remission was substantially higher for cats with lower mean 12 h blood glucose concentrations on day 17, irrespective of insulin type. Glargine-treated cats had lower mean 12 h blood glucose concentrations on day 17 than PZI- or lente-treated cats, and all eight glargine-treated cats achieved remission compared to three PZI- and two lente-treated cats. The probability of remission was greater for cats treated with glargine than cats treated with PZI or lente insulin. In newly diagnosed diabetic cats, twice daily treatment with glargine provides better glycaemic control and higher probability of remission compared to twice daily treatment with PZI or lente insulin. Good glycaemic control soon after diagnosis is associated with increased probability of remission and should be the goal of insulin therapy.

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