The International Law Enforcement Community: Cooperative Efforts in Combatting Human Trafficking

2019 ◽  
pp. 469-485
Author(s):  
Rosalva Resendiz ◽  
Lucas E. Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
Human Trafficking

scholarly journals Selling international law enforcement: Elite justifications and public values

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205316802095678
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Lee ◽  
Lauren Prather
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
Public Support ◽  
International Order ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Norm Enforcement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Law ◽  
Order Increase

International law enforcement is an understudied but indispensable factor for maintaining the international order. We study the effectiveness of elite justifications in building coalitions supporting the enforcement of violations of the law against territorial seizures. Using survey experiments fielded in the USA and Australia, we find that the effectiveness of two common justifications for enforcement—the illegality of a country’s actions, and the consequences of those actions for international order—increase support for enforcement and do so independently of two key public values: ideology and interpersonal norm enforcement. These results imply elites can build a broad coalition of support by using multiple justifications. Our results, however, highlight the tepidness of public support, suggesting limits to elite rhetoric. This study contributes to the scholarship on international law by showing how the public, typically considered a mechanism for generating compliance within states, can impede or facilitate third-party enforcement of the law between states.

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-517
Author(s):  
Marian Nash (Leich)
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Government ◽  
Contemporary Practice

On March 3,1997, President William J. Clinton transmitted to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification as a treaty the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders, signed at Hong Kong on December 20,1996. In his letter of transmittal, President Clinton pointed out that, upon its entry into force, the Agreement would “enhance cooperation between the law enforcement communities of the United States and Hong Kong, and … provide a framework and basic protections for extraditions after the reversion of Hong Kong to the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1997.” The President continued: Given the absence of an extradition treaty with the People’s Republic of China, this Treaty would provide the means to continue an extradition relationship with Hong Kong after reversion and avoid a gap in law enforcement. It will thereby make a significant contribution to international law enforcement efforts.The provisions of this Agreement follow generally the form and content of extradition treaties recently concluded by the United States. In addition, the Agreement contains several provisions specially designed in light of the particular status of Hong Kong. The Agreement’s basic protections for fugitives are also made expressly applicable to fugitives surrendered by the two parties before the new treaty enters into force.

scholarly journals Law Enforcement Response To Human Trafficking According To Law No. 21/2007: Case Study in Benjina, Aru Archipelago Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali Fikri Pandela ◽  
Anhar Ansyory ◽  
Ulfatmi Ulfatmi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Peace Officer ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Generally, there are some distinction on the response to human trafficking that has been particularly ruled in Law No.20/2007 21 about Abolition of Criminal Act Human Trafficking. That law contains legal basis to anticipate and round up activities, ways, or any other exploitations occured on human trafficking. In the process of implementation of criminal act case handling to human trafficking, the peace officer sometimes get difficulties to proof the perpetrator because sometimes it’s an organized crime, moreover it is a trans-national crime. The purpose of this study is to know and to analyze some aspects in law enforcement on human trafficking cases in Indonesia according to Law No. 21/2007 about Abolition of Criminal Act Human Trafficking (case study on human trafficking case in Benjina, Aru Archipelago Regency, and Maluku). So that this study can be a common comprehensive study to handle the human trafficking cases in Indonesia.

INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN COORDINATING THE ACTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergii Melnyk ◽  
◽  
Alina Ignatievа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
International Experience ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Enforcement

The article researched international experience in coordinating the action of law enforcement agencies in modern international law. It is stated that, enforcement agencies are those institutions that enforce the laws, including election-related laws. Enforcement аs an important integrity mechanism as it deters those who might be interested in subverting the system as well as identifies and punishes those who have broken the law. The responsibilities for enforcing laws and codes are usually divided among different agencies, depending on the nature and severity of the problem. Initial investigations may start with the oversight agency, but can be referred to an enforcement agency if it was determined that legal enforcement was required. For example, potential criminal cases uncovered during a routine audit can be referred to the justice system. If the prosecuting authorities decide to pursue the case, they could charge and prosecute the alleged perpetrator, with a court pronouncing sentence if the defendant were found guilty. Jurisdictionally, there can be an important difference between international law enforcement agencies and multinational law enforcement agencies, even though both are often referred to as «international», even in official documents Effective enforcement requires a functioning legal system and a respect for the rule of law. An important factor in maintaining integrity in enforcement is the independence of the judiciary, as justice is supposed to be administered fairly, equally and impartially. The prevention, investigation and cessation of international and many domestic crimes, as well as the prosecution of those responsible for their commission, are not it is always possible alone, without the help of other states and international organizations. Achieving this goal requires states not only to proclaim unilateral declarations of intent, participation in the signing international treaties and the activities of international institutions, but also the actual implementation of joint and agreed activities aimed at combating transnational and domestic organized crime.

The Palermo Convention and the Fight against Terrorism

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Julie Alix
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
S Model

Abstract This paper addresses the international law enforcement models applied to organized crime and terrorism and their interconnections, arguing that the approach adopted by the Palermo Convention should serve as a model for the fight against terrorism from several points of view. More specifically, the Palermo Convention demonstrates the feasibility and relevance of a global cooperation instrument which, in the case of terrorism, is still lacking. Moreover, the Palermo Convention adopts a global approach combining a preventive and a repressive dimension, differently from the more traditional anti-terrorism conventions. A rapprochement in the legal framework for fighting organized crime and terrorism is desirable also in light of their frequent overlaps; arguably, this rapprochement should follow the UNTOC’s model rather than the one of administrative and military repression that is often applied in combating terrorism.

Crime Concealment as an Element of the Method of Committing Slave Trade and Slave Labor Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Kalyuzhnyi ◽  
◽  
Nikolai G. Shurukhnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Beauty Contests ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Travel Abroad

The authors examine the patterns of concealment of illegal activities in human trafficking and slave labor use, as well as patterns of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the disclosure and investigation of the analyzed crimes. The aim of the article is to substantiate the data on the concealment of the investigated crimes for their subsequent use in the disclosure and investigation of the analyzed illegal activity. In the research, the authors used legal, sociological and other methods of scientific knowledge: logical, comparative legal, statistical, modeling, and a number of others. The authors relied on the materials of 130 criminal cases on encroachments on human trafficking and slave labor use, the results of interviewing 320 law enforcement officers, scientific developments of other researchers on the issue under consideration, as well as statistical data from the Main International and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The study of the materials of criminal cases shows that the basis for the disclosure and investigation of perpetrators' criminal activities should be based on the regularities of the method of concealing the crimes under consideration reflected in the following typical forms: (1) concealment of the fact and traces of preparation for committing a crime: a) placing veiled ads with offers of employment, training, marriage services in the media, social networks, leaflets, etc.; b) holding fake “beauty contests”, “draw games”, and similar events, participants of which are offered work or study abroad; c) disseminating deliberately false information in order to attract future victims of slave trade and illegal exploitation in certain social groups: prostitutes, drug addicts, unemployed, homeless people, etc.; d) conspiring in finding accomplices, means of communication, places of detention of victims, means of physical and psychological pressure on the victim; (2) conspiracy of the direct commission of a crime: a) disguising it as legitimate; b) falsifying documents that allow victims to travel abroad; c) concealing places of detention of victims and organizing victim safe-keeping; d) seizing identity documents from victims; e) using SIM cards registered to unauthorized persons, f) veiled advertising of activities to search for consumers of sexual and other services; (3) disguise or destruction of traces of the committed crime: destruction of clothing and belongings of the victim, erasing the traces left. Thus, in the course of the analysis of the literature and criminal case materials on human trafficking and slave labor use, forensically significant data on the concealment of the investigated crimes were substantiated; the knowledge of these data should be used in the course of the disclosure and investigation of such crimes.

Combating Human Trafficking

2015 ◽  
pp. 286-302
Author(s):  
Michael Pittaro
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Police Leadership ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
The World ◽  
Trafficking Victims

Human trafficking is one of the fastest and continuously evolving transnational crimes of this century, preceded only slightly by gun and drug trafficking; yet it is projected that human trafficking will soon surpass both unless government and nongovernmental officials throughout the world take immediate, collaborative action to deter and punish traffickers and educate and protect prospective trafficking victims. For that reason, combating human trafficking requires ongoing national and international communication, cooperation, and collaboration, particularly amongst law enforcement leadership across the globe. Only then will law enforcement be able to limit the ability of traffickers to operate freely and help prevent future victims from being trafficked. The primary purpose of drawing international attention to this chapter is in illuminating the challenges of police leadership in combating incidents of transnational human trafficking as well as to propose plausible to assist and support future global leadership and collaboration within and across police agencies.

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