scholarly journals Emerging Options for Emergency Contraception

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMRH.S8145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Koyama ◽  
Laura Hagopian ◽  
Judith Linden
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Ulipristal Acetate ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Copper Intrauterine Device

Emergency post-coital contraception (EC) is an effective method of preventing pregnancy when used appropriately. EC has been available since the 1970s, and its availability and use have become widespread. Options for EC are broad and include the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and emergency contraceptive pills such as levonorgestrel, ulipristal acetate, combined oral contraceptive pills (Yuzpe method), and less commonly, mifepristone. Some options are available over-the-counter, while others require provider prescription or placement. There are no absolute contraindications to the use of emergency contraceptive pills, with the exception of ulipristal acetate and mifepristone. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, side effects, clinical considerations, and patient preferences with respect to EC usage. The decision of which regimen to use is influenced by local availability, cost, and patient preference.

scholarly journals Kontrasepsi Darurat dan Permasalahannya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Erna Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Copper Intrauterine Device

Abstract: Emergency contraception is a contraceptive method that can prevent pregnancy if used immediately following unprotected sex. The use of emergency contraception could reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancy by up to 50%. There are two emergency contraceptive methods, including the emergency contraceptive pill and copper intrauterine device (IUD). Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken immediately following unprotected sex and are most effective when taken within 24 hours. IUD as an emergency contraceptive can be applied five days after unprotected sex, and it does not cause abortion. There is no absolute contraindication for emergency contraception except for known pregnancy, and simply because it is ineffective. The efficacy of emergency contraception can be defined by the proportion of women who become pregnant after using this method and the total pregnancy observed after using the method divided by the estimated number of pregnancies that would occur without using the method.Keywords: emergency contraception; sexual intercourse; pregnancy  Abstrak: Kontrasepsi darurat dapat mencegah kehamilan bila digunakan segera setelah senggama. Penggunaan kontrasepsi darurat dapat menurunkan angka kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan hingga 50%. Terdapat dua metode kontrasepsi darurat, yaitu pil kontrasepsi darurat dan alat kontrasepsi dalam rahim (AKDR) yang menggunakan tembaga. Pil kontrasepsi darurat harus diberikan sesegera mungkin setelah senggama tidak terlindungi, dan paling efektif bila diberikan dalam waktu 24 jam. AKDR sebagai kontrasepsi darurat dapat dipasang hingga lima hari pasca senggama tidak terlindungi. Kontrasepsi darurat terutama bekerja dengan mencegah fertilisasi, dan tidak menggugurkan kehamilan. Tidak ada kontraindikasi absolut untuk penggunaan kontrasepsi darurat kecuali kehamilan yang diketahui, dan ini hanya karena tidak efektif. Efektivitas kontrasepsi darurat dapat didefinisikan dari proporsi wanita menjadi hamil setelah menggunakan metode ini, dan jumlah kehamilan yang diamati setelah penggunaan dibagi dengan perkiraan jumlah kehamilan yang akan terjadi tanpa penggunaan.Kata kunci: kontrasepsi darurat; senggama; kehamilan

scholarly journals Exploring the Availability of Emergency Contraception in New Brunswick Pharmacies: A Mystery-Client Telephone Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Madison Borsella ◽  
Angel M. Foster
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive

Although levonorgestrel-only emergency contraceptive pills (LNg-ECPs) have been available over the counter in Canada for more than a decade, barriers to access persist. We aimed to obtain information about the availability and cost of LNg-ECPs in New Brunswick. Using a mystery-client study design, we called all 207 non-specialty pharmacies in the province posing as a 17-year-old woman seeking something to prevent pregnancy after sex. We evaluated the information provided for accuracy and quality. The overwhelming majority of pharmacies (n = 180, 87%) had at least one brand of LNg-ECPs in stock; the price averaged CAD28.69 (USD21.65). Although the majority of pharmacy representatives provided accurate information about LNg-ECPs, a small number made incorrect statements about the timeframe for use, side effects, and mechanism of action. In nine interactions (4%) pharmacy representatives incorrectly indicated that a male partner could not obtain LNg-ECPs; none indicated that parental involvement was required to procure LNg-ECPs. None of the pharmacy representatives referenced any other modality of emergency contraception, including ulipristal acetate. Our findings suggest that LNg-ECPs are widely available and that most pharmacy representatives are providing accurate medical and regulatory information. However, supporting the continuing education of pharmacists and pharmacy staff, particularly around alternative modalities of emergency contraception, appears warranted.

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacology of Hormonal Emergency Contraceptive Pills

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia M. J. Matyanga ◽  
Blessing Dzingirai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

Emergency contraceptives play a major role in preventing unwanted pregnancy. The use of emergency contraceptives is characterized by myths and lack of knowledge by both health professionals and users. The main objective of this paper is to summarize the clinical pharmacology of hormonal methods of emergency contraception. A literature review was done to describe in detail the mechanism of action, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and drug interactions of hormonal emergency contraceptive pills. This information is useful to healthcare professionals and users to fully understand how hormonal emergency contraceptive methods work.

scholarly journals Choosing Plan B Over Plan A: Risk Compensation Theory and Contraceptive Choice in India

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-294
Author(s):  
Pallavi Shukla ◽  
Hemant Kumar Pullabhotla ◽  
Mary Arends-Kuenning
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Compensation ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Compensation Theory ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Choice

Abstract Can women's contraceptive method choice be better understood through risk compensation theory? This theory implies that people act with greater care when the perceived risk of an activity is higher and with less care when it is lower. We examine how increased over-the-counter access to emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) accompanied by marketing campaigns in India affected women's contraceptive method choices and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Although ECPs substantially reduce the risk of pregnancy, they are less effective than other contraceptive methods and do not reduce the risk of STIs. We test whether an exogenous policy change that increased access to ECPs leads people to substitute away from other methods of contraception, such as condoms, thereby increasing the risk of both unintended pregnancy and STIs. We find evidence for risk compensation in terms of reduced use of condoms but not for increases in rates of STIs.

scholarly journals LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Sunita Ghike ◽  
Savita A Somalwar ◽  
Sulbha A Joshi ◽  
Anjali S Kawthalkar ◽  
Sheela H Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Protection Rate ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

ABSTRACT Hormonal emergency contraceptive drugs designed to prevent undesired pregnancy are available over the counter. In spite of availability of various contraceptive techniques, couple protection rate in our country is still inadequate. A large number of couples prefer to use emergency contraceptive pill instead of regular contraceptives. Though hormonal emergency contraceptives pills are highly effective and safe with fewer side effects, their failure rate is high when used in periovulatory period with increased chances of ectopic pregnancy. How to cite this article Jain SH, Ghike S, Gawande MS, Joshi SA, Kawthalkar AS, Somalwar SA. LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):87-88.

scholarly journals Emergency Contraceptives: Knowledge, Attitude and Prescription Practice of Primary Healthcare workers in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwest Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Mansur O. Raji ◽  
Sahiha Wakkala ◽  
Ummu Salma Mustapha ◽  
Usman Danmalam ◽  
Ismail A Raji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives ◽  
Prescription Practice

Background: Emergency contraception refers to methods of contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse. About thirty percent of all pregnancies, and 61% of all unintended pregnancies, ended in an induced abortion in Nigeria, and many women with unwanted pregnancies decide to end them by abortion. Healthcare providers' knowledge and attitude towards emergency contraception is very important for dissemination of awareness, consumer acceptance and use of contraceptives, as health care workers interact with large numbers of women and are reliable sources of information. This study aimed to assess healthcare workers' emergency contraception knowledge, attitude and prescription practice. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. Healthcare workers providing services in Primary Health care facilities of Sokoto metropolis were studied. Using formula for sample size estimation for crosssectional study, a total of 419 respondents were recruited into the study using systematic sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and data was collected by means of Open Data Kit for android App and analysed using IBM SPSS statistical software package version 23. Univariate and bivariate analysis were conducted; level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Few (39.9%) respondents knew that Intra uterine contraceptive devices can be used for emergency contraception, only 15.4% knew how emergency contraceptives work. Most (75.4%) believed that emergency contraceptives should be available only on prescription; and 30.5% felt that emergency contraceptive pills promote irresponsible behaviour. More than half of the respondents (56.5%) had prescribed within the last one month, 48.7% of them prescribed less than 5 times within the month. Only 27(8.0%) have ever prescribed emergency contraceptive pills in advance of need. Conclusion: The study respondents had good knowledge of emergency contraceptives, albeit, with some misconceptions, they also demonstrated good attitude, however, the prescription practice was fair.

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