scholarly journals The effects of turnout date to pasture on cattle weight gain

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Nams ◽  
R. C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Peak Weight

The effects of multiple turnout dates on cattle weight gain were assessed in Nova Scotia in 1999 and 2000. Steers and heifers were released into pasture every 1 to 3 d from May 06 to May 28 in 1999 and from Apr. 26 to Jun. 05 in 2000. Cattle turned out to pasture later in the season gained less weight. Turnout date had a similar effect in both years, and 1 d of earlier turnout increased weight by 0.789 kg per animal over the summer. The time for cattle weight to recover after entering the pasture did not vary with turnout date, but it did differ significantly between years, with cattle recovering weight faster in 2000 than in 1999. Rate of weight gain decreased throughout the summer. The results suggest a mechanism for the turnout date effect: that cattle grow fastest on the pasture at the start of the season, and they grow faster on the pasture than in the barn. Thus, the earlier that they are introduced into the pasture, the more time they spend in the pasture during peak weight gain time. Rotational grazing maximizes the effect of turnout date by minimizing potential pasture degradation caused by early turnout. Key words: Pasture, cattle, rotational grazing, recovery period, turnout date, weight gain

The design and conduct of experiments to measure animal and herbage production responses to fertilizer nitrogen under cutting and grazing managements

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Large ◽  
J. M. Cobby ◽  
R. D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Linear Extrapolation ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Fourth Experiment

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted to provide information on the precision of herbage sampling, the degree of replication and the logistics of managing rotational and continuous grazing experiments. In a third experiment the possibility of estimating herbage growth, during the rotational grazing of paddocks for 4 days, by linear extrapolation of measured growth estimates made during the interval between grazings was investigated. A fourth experiment was then conducted to investigate animal and herbage production responses to nitrogen applied at five levels over the range 80–900 kg N/ha with three replicates per treatment.Results from Expts 1 and 2 showed that similar precision could be obtained under both rotational and continuous systems of grazing with the same number of replicates and samples of herbage. There was little advantage in having more than three replicates and four samples per paddock or two replicates and eight samples per paddock. Under continuous grazing a 3-weekly sampling and movement of exclosure cages was indicated. It was also found, from Expt 3 that, under rotational grazing, linear extrapolation of growth from 0–24 days did not reflect growth to 28 days in a consistent manner. Six animals per treatment, permanently in the paddocks, proved adequate for the estimation of live-weight gain.Experiment 4 confirmed that response curves could be fitted with an acceptable degree of precision if there was one low, one very high, and two intermediate levels of nitrogen. Adjustment of the number of animals to maintain sward height at between 5 and 7 cm ensured similar sward conditions and rates of live-weight gain across all treatments.The problems associated with the measurement of herbage production under grazing are discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHIONINE AND LYSINE ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE AND BREAST MEAT YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. HICKLING ◽  
W. GUENTER ◽  
M. E. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Breast Meat Yield

An experiment was conducted with 3840 male Ross × Arbor Acres broiler chicks to test the effects of increasing dietary methionine and lysine on performance and breast meat yield. Supplemental methionine and lysine were fed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in both starter (0–3 wk) and finisher (3–6 wk) diets. Methionine was fed at levels of NRC and 112% NRC. Lysine was fed at levels of NRC and 106% NRC, 112% NRC and 118% NRC. Increasing dietary methionine increased weight gain (P < 0.01), feed efficiency (P < 0.01) from 3 to 6 wk, and breast meat yield (P < 0.01) at 6 wk. Increasing dietary lysine caused a curvilinear response in breast meat yield (P < 0.05). Key words: Broiler, lysine, methionine, breast meat

Bruce birdsfoot trefoil

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1094
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
D. Gehl ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Growth Vigour ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Selection For

Bruce birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a 71-clone synthetic variety developed at the Nappan Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Nappan, Nova Scotia. Bruce was developed through two cycles of mass selection for plant vigour (top and root growth) and winterhardiness, and one cycle of mass selection for re-growth vigour under grazing. In Atlantic Canada, Bruce produced more forage than the check cultivar Leo during 3 post-seeding years. It was also superior in spring growth with high first-cut herbage yields. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, cultivar description

The effects of calcium and phosphorus supplementation on the performance of Scottish Blackface hill ewes, with particular reference to the premature loss of permanent incisor teeth

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Live Weight Gain

SUMMARYA subclinical calcium or phosphorus dietary deficiency on many hill pastures and a relationship between this and the premature loss of permanent incisor teeth are postulated. The effects of small individual supplements of calcium (12 g calcium carbonate suspended in water) or phosphorus (13 g monosodium phosphate in solution) supplied three times a week between mid-February and the end of May to Scottish Blackface ewes which grazed reseeded pasture in April and May were compared with those of no mineral supplement and with those of no mineral supplementon hill pastures throughout.Neither supplement had any significant effect on the number or weights of lambs born or reared on reseeded pastures. Both resulted in significantly greater ewe live-weight gain during the treatment period, in a significant improvement in the firmness and permanence of the incisor teeth, and in significantly higher serum Ca levels during lactation. All effects increased with advancing age.The use of hill pastures during late pregnancy and early lactation without any mineral supplement could result in significantly poorer ewe live-weight gain during the treatment period depending on season. This was also associated with significantly lighter single lambs at 6 weeks and with slower deterioration of the incisor teeth.It is suggested that minerals lost from the body during lactation on reseeded pastures are not replaced during the autumn recovery period on hill pastures and that a gradual depletion occurs throughout life, leading possibly to demineralization of the alveolar bone and premature loss of the incisor teeth. It is suggested that this is indicative of a higher mineral requirement for maintenance of the permanent dentition than is necessary for normal acceptable growth andreproductive performance. Mineral content of hill herbage may therefore be too low to supply requirements at the levels of OM intake normal on hill pastures.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MONENSIN ON THE LH RESPONSE TO GnRH OR ESTRADIOL AND THE OVULATORY RESPONSE TO PMSG IN GILTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
R. S. KORCHINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Gnrh Infusion ◽  
Surge Height

To test the effects of monensin on endocrine responsiveness, 43 gilts of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were individually fed a 16% crude protein basal diet (CT, n = 22) or the basal diet incorporating 33 mg kg−1 monensin (M, n = 21) for 25 d. Gilt weights and feed intakes were recorded at 7-d intervals for 21 d. Monensin did not significantly affect weight gain or feed intake but feed conversion was improved (P < 0.03). At 21 d, M (n = 6) and CT (n = 7) gilts were fitted with vena caval canulae and infused with 50 μg GnRH. Blood samples were obtained at 10-min intervals from 30 min before to 60 min after GnRH infusion. After a 48-h recovery period, these gilts received an injection of estradiol-17 B (E2) and further blood samples taken at the time of injection, at 24 and 36 h then at 6-h intervals until 78 h. All serum samples were assayed for LH and FSH concentrations. The LH response to GnRH was not affected by monensin, peak values being achieved in both groups 30 min after infusion. Serum FSH was not significantly influenced by GnRH in either group. Following E2 injection, the LH surge height was greater (P < 0.09) in monensin-fed gilts and a treatment by time interaction was evident (P < 0.001). Serum FSH was elevated in both groups but was unaffected by monensin. At 21 d, non-blood sampled gilts received an injection of 750 IU PMSG and were slaughtered 10 d later. An ovarian examination indicated that monensin-fed gilts tended (P < 0.1) to have a lower ovulation rate (13.2 ± 1.0 vs. 17.4 ± 1.9 for M and CT gilts, respectively). These data suggest that the feeding of monensin to gilts alters hypothalamic/pituitary responsiveness to stimulation and may enhance growth performance. Key words: Gilts, monensin, LH, FSH

A preliminary examination of potential interactions between deoxynivalenol (DON) and other selected Fusarium metabolites in growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Rotter ◽  
H. L. Trenholm ◽  
D. B. Prelusky ◽  
K. E. Hartin ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Potential Interactions

The performance of growing pigs fed 2 mg kg−1 of one of several Fusarium graminearum metabolites (sambucinol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, culmorin, dihydroxycalonectrin) with and without 6 mg kg−1 deoxynivalenol (DON) was examined in three preliminary studies. The only significant effects (P < 0.05) were seen in feed consumption, weight gain and feed efficiency due to the presence of DON in the diet. In addition, the appearance and degree of folding of the esophageal portion of the stomach were also different between pigs fed the DON-free and DON-contaminated diets, though the degree of significance varied between trials. Some small differences were seen in growth and feed consumption for certain metabolites, notably sambucinol and culmorin, with and without DON, but they were not significant (P > 0.05). The data indicate that, at the dietary concentrations used, the fungal metabolites tested in combination with DON do not interact with DON in growing pigs to any marked degree. Key words: Deoxynivalenol, DON, pigs, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, culmorin, sambucinol, dihydroxycalonectrin

DISTRIBUTION OF CHRYSOLINA SPP. (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN EASTERN ONTARIO, 18 YEARS AFTER THEIR INITIAL RELEASE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 937-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Fields ◽  
John T. Arnason ◽  
Bernard J.R. Philogène
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Hypericum perforatum L., St. John's - wort (Hypericaceae), is a cosmopolitan weed that, when eaten by livestock, causes photodermatitis, reduced weight gain, and, in extreme cases, death (Giese 1980). Chrysolina hyperici (Forester) and Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dramatically reduced populations of H. perforatum when introduced into Australia (Clark 1953) and the United States (Holloway and Huffaker 1951; Holloway 1957). These species also have served as effective biocontrol agents when introduced into central British Columbia (Smith 1958), Ontario, and Nova Scotia (Harris and Maw 1984). This paper surveys the distribution of Chrysolina spp. in eastern Ontario, 18 years after initial release of both species.

Artificial hybridization between Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) from Nova Scotia, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Young Kim ◽  
Stephen J. O'Leary ◽  
David J. Garbary
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Maximum Development

Reciprocal crosses between male and female gametes of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) LeJolis and Fucus vesiculosus L. were made from plants collected at Tor Bay, Nova Scotia. Crosses within each species were viable and resulted in normal zygote development. Hybrids occurred in low frequency in the cultures (ca. 1–5%) and developed either an initial rhizoid or underwent one or two internal divisions. Hybrid zygotes did not develop further. More developing embryos were observed in crosses when F. vesiculosus provided the eggs, and these zygotes developed longer rhizoids. Maximum development was to three or four cells, which occurred in ca. 10 days. By 5 weeks, all zygotes had disintegrated. Nuclear diameter was the same in both species (6 μm) although almost twice as much nuclear DNA was present in A. nodosum than in F. vesiculosus. Nuclei in hybrids were larger than in the parental species. Key words: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucales, hybridization, Phaeophyta.

The effect of stevia as a feed sweetener on weight gain and feed consumption of broiler chickens

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Wood ◽  
A. Lirette ◽  
D. C. Crober ◽  
H. Y. Ju
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Male Chicken

One thousand day-old male chicken broilers housed in 16 floor pens to 42 d of age were used to study the effect of stevia on weight gain and feed consumption. The experimental design was a randomized complete block consisting of four diets (0%, 0.0085%, 0.0425% and 0.085% stevia) each replicated four times. Stevia did not appear to improve feed consumption or weight gain of broilers when used as a feed additive at the concentrations tested in this study. Key words: Broilers, stevia, feed additive, growth performance

NATURE OF SMECTITES IN SOILS DEVELOPED ON BASALTIC SAPROLITE AND BASALTIC AND GRANITIC TILL IN NOVA SCOTIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-883
Author(s):  
G. K. RUTHERFORD ◽  
LORETTA LI ◽  
G. J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Layer Silicates ◽  
Kings County ◽  
Trioctahedral Smectite

In Kings County Nova Scotia, soils have developed over pre-Wisconsinan basaltic saprolite and basaltic and granitic till. The clay fraction of the soil developed on the saprolite is predominantly a trioctahedral smectite and apparently has not been significantly changed by post-Wisconsinan weathering. The clay fraction of the Aej horizon of the soil developed on granitic till is dominantly composed of dioctahedral layer silicates, mainly mica with some montmorillonite and vermiculite, and that developed on basaltic till by smectite and vermiculite. Key words: Basaltic saprolite, trioctahedral smectite, post-Wisconsinan weathering

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