APHID DISSEMINATION OF STRAWBERRY VIRUSES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Craig ◽  
H. T. Stultz
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Aulacorthum Solani

In Nova Scotia, strawberry virus disease symptoms appeared in 12% of the Fragaria vesca L. (EMC) plants present in faunal study plots planted in 1961 and in 14% in plots planted in 1962.Latent-C virus and mottle virus were the dominant diseases and were present in approximately equal numbers of the indicator plants. A smaller number of indicator planes were dwarfed but otherwise free of symptoms associated with previously described virus diseases.Known vectors present in the plots included Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Aulacorthum solani (Kalt.), Amphorophura rubi (Kalt.), and Pentatrichopus minor (Forbes). R. porosum was the dominant species.

APHIDS ON STRAWBERRY IN NOVA SCOTIA

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stultz
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
The Third ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Aulacorthum Solani

AbstractFifty-six species were recognized among 6886 aphids identified in 312 collections taken from strawberry plantations in Nova Scotia, 1961–1966. Forty-nine species were classed as errants and seven were classed as colonizers on strawberry. The most numerous colonizers were Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), averaging 71 and 18.5% respectively of all the aphids identified. The other colonizers were Aphis forbesi Weed (1.4%), Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (1.0%). Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (1.0%), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (0.1%), C. minor (Forbes) (0.2%), and Chaetosiphon sp. (0.1%).Colonizers, mostly R. porosum, were observed on strawberry plantations from the time winter cover was removed in the spring until late in November when a winter cover was applied. Alate viviparous females were first observed during the second week of June on both old and new plantations and were most numerous during a period extending from the third week m June until nearly the end of August. Nymphs were first seen on new plantations when the first alatae were observed. Apterous viviparae reached near-maximum numbers early in July and were present, sometimes in relatively high number, until nearly the end of September. Sexuales began to appear late in September, reached peak numbers early in November, and were still present when observations were discontinued late in November. No consistent difference was noted in the numbers of aphids alighting on or colonizing plants of three different commercial strawberry varieties (Sparkle, Catskill, and Robinson). The amount of colonization was markedly greater on the commercial varieties than it was on Fragaria vesca L. (EMC). The significance of the results in relation to the control of aphid-borne viruses is discussed.

Tobacco rosette: a complex virus disease

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Abnormal Tissue

An account is given of a composite virus disease of tobacco for which the name tobacco rosette has been suggested.The two component viruses, named the mottle and vein-distorting viruses respectively, have been separated, and their symptomatology and methods of transmission described. The mottle virus is both sap and aphis-transmitted, but the vein-distorting virus is aphis-borne only.The symptoms and histopathology of the complex disease in the tobacco plant are dealt with in some detail. There are three main types of symptoms: (1) intense rosetting, (2) splitting of the tissues, (3) formation of enations on the under-surface of the leaves.The splitting of the tissues has been examined microscopically, and a number of photomicrographs are given illustrating the formation of the fissures. It is suggested that there is a concentration of virus in the cambium which prevents the formation of the normal xylem. Abnormal tissue and giant cells are formed in the cortex and pith. This appears to set up stresses which cause the splitting.The insect vector of the complex disease is the aphis Myzus persicae Sulz. Another aphis, M. pseudosolani Theob., is also a vector but is less efficient than M. persicae.The writer's thanks are due to Prof. F. T. Brooks, F.R.S., with whom he discussed the histopathology of the rosette disease, to Dr Roy Markham for taking the photographs illustrating Pl. I, figs. 2–5, and to Mr Charles Harpley of the Molteno Institute for his assistance in taking' the photomicrographs.

STUDIES ON THE WITCHES'-BROOM VIRUS DISEASE OF POTATOES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Potato Seedling ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Abrupt Cessation ◽  
Tree Tomato

Plants of the White Rose and Netted Gem potato varieties naturally or artificially inoculated with the witches'-broom of potato virus expressed symptoms only after the progeny of inoculated plants was grown, but symptoms occurred on the foliage of the X virus-immune potato seedling 41956 within eight weeks after grafting. Tomato and tree tomato served as indicator plants on which two apparent strains of the virus could be distinguished. The first strain caused the symptoms on tomato usually associated with the disease on this suscept, but the second strain caused a disease similar to tomato big bud. Attempts to transmit the virus by means of dodder and insects were unsuccessful. An abrupt cessation of cambial activity and consequent underdevelopment of secondary conductive tissue precede the appearance of disease symptoms on potato.

The transmission of a plant virus complex by aphides

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Efficient Vector

An account is given of experiments on the aphistransmission of the composite virus disease of tobacco known as rosette. It is shown that the component viruses—the vein-distorting and mottle viruses—persist for long periods in the body of the aphis, and that as many as twenty consecutive tobacco plants can be infected in 24 hr. serial transfers without the insect having recourse to a fresh source of virus.The aphis Myzus persicae is the most efficient vector, the aphis M. convolvuli being less effective. The aphides M. circumflexus and Macrosiphum gei failed to transmit the virus.It is shown that the mottle virus can only be transmitted by the aphis when it is accompanied in the plant by the other component of the rosette disease, the vein-distorting virus. The latter virus is easily transmitted by the aphis, either alone or in combination with the mottle virus.The writer's best thanks are due to Miss Margaret Short for her assistance with the large numbers of aphis-transmissions, and to Dr Douglas Lea and Dr Roy Markham for suggestions in the course of the work.

scholarly journals Incidence and distribution of Sweetpotato viruses and their implication on sweetpotato seed system in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard Mbewe ◽  
Andrew Mtonga ◽  
Margret Chiipanthenga ◽  
Kennedy Masamba ◽  
Gloria Chitedze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Membrane Enzyme ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Clean Seed

AbstractA survey was carried out in 19 districts to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and its implication on the sustainability of clean seed system in Malawi. A total of 166 leaf samples were collected and tested for the presence of 8 viruses using nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA). SPVD foliar symptoms were observed in 68.42% of the surveyed districts. There were significant variations in disease incidence and severity (p < 0.001) among districts, with the highest incidence in Mulanje (28.34%). Average SPVD severity score was 3.05. NCM-ELISA detected sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV, 30.54%), sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV, 31.14%), sweet potato mild speckling virus (SPMSV, 16.17%), sweet potato C-6 virus (SPC6V, 13.77%), sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV, 22.16%), sweet potato collusive virus (SPCV, 30.54%), sweet potato virus G (SPVG, 11.38%), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, 7.78%) either in single or mixed infections. Data from this study indicate a significant SPVD occurrence in the country, and the consequence implications towards national sweetpotato seed system.

scholarly journals Storage Root Yield of Sweetpotato as Influenced by Sweetpotato leaf curl virus and Its Interaction With Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus in Kenya

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477-1486
Author(s):  
Bramwel W. Wanjala ◽  
Elijah M. Ateka ◽  
Douglas W. Miano ◽  
Jan W. Low ◽  
Jan F. Kreuze
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

In this study, the effect of a Kenyan strain of Sweetpotato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) and its interactions with Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) on root yield was determined. Trials were performed during two seasons using varieties Kakamega and Ejumula and contrasting in their resistance to sweetpotato virus disease in a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments replicated three times. The treatments included plants graft inoculated with SPLCV, SPFMV, and SPCSV alone and in possible dual or triple combinations. Yield and yield-related parameters were evaluated at harvest. The results showed marked differences in the effect of SPLCV infection on the two varieties. Ejumula, which is highly susceptible to SPFMV and SPCSV, suffered no significant yield loss from SPLCV infection, whereas Kakamega, which is moderately resistant to SPFMV and SPCSV, suffered an average of 47% yield loss from SPLCV, despite only mild symptoms occurring in both varieties. These results highlight the variability in yield response to SPLCV between sweetpotato cultivars as well as a lack of correlation of SPLCV-related symptoms with yield reduction. In addition, they underline the lack of correlation between resistance to the RNA viruses SPCSV and SPFMV and the DNA virus SPLCV. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Lettuce Chlorosis Virus Disease: A New Threat to Cannabis Production

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadad ◽  
Luria ◽  
Smith ◽  
Sela ◽  
Lachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Deprivation ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Race Pcr ◽  
Complete Viral Genome

In a survey conducted in Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis) authorized farms in Israel, plants showed disease symptoms characteristic of nutrition deprivation. Interveinal chlorosis, brittleness, and occasional necrosis were observed in older leaves. Next generation sequencing analysis of RNA extracted from symptomatic leaves revealed the presence of lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV), a crinivirus that belongs to the Closteroviridae family. The complete viral genome sequence was obtained using RT-PCR and Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The two LCV RNA genome segments shared 85–99% nucleotide sequence identity with LCV isolates from GenBank database. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle Eastern Asia Minor1 (MEAM1) biotype transmitted the disease from symptomatic cannabis plants to un-infected ‘healthy’ cannabis, Lactuca sativa, and Catharanthus roseus plants. Shoots from symptomatic cannabis plants, used for plant propagation, constituted a primary inoculum of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cannabis plant disease caused by LCV.

scholarly journals Effects of sweet potato feathery mottle virus, sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus and their co-infection on sweet potato yield in Western Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 758-766
Author(s):  
E. B. Tibiri ◽  
K. Somé ◽  
J. S. Pita ◽  
F. Tiendrébéogo ◽  
M. Bangratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Western Burkina Faso

AbstractTo determine the effects of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and their co-infection on sweet potato yield, twelve sweet potato varieties were assessed in a hotspot area in Western Burkina Faso. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete-block design with the twelve varieties in three replications. Data were collected on plant growth parameters, plant virus symptoms and yield parameters. Additional testing for selected sweet potato viruses was done using a nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA) and RT-PCR. SPFMV and SPCSV were the viruses detected in this study. Varieties Djakani and Ligri were virus-free and had the highest average yields out of twelve sweet potato varieties assessed. Field monitoring indicated that 58% of plants were found to be virus-infected. The results suggest that severe symptoms were associated with sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) and yield reduction. However, the interaction of SPCSV with other viruses, which may result in synergistic negative effects on sweet potato yield and quality, needs further research.

A VIRUS DISEASE OF RHUBARB IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stace-Smith ◽  
G. G. Jacoli
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rheum Rhaponticum ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Test Plants

Severe mottling and stunting was observed in a planting of rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.) in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. A virus was mechanically transmitted from the young leaves of infected plants to a range of herbaceous test plants. The virus was also transmitted by the aphid Myzus persicae Sulz. from rhubarb to petunia and back to rhubarb seedlings. From the symptoms on herbaceous hosts, transmission by aphids, and measurements of electron micrographs, the virus was identified as turnip mosaic virus. Reciprocal serological reactions with type isolates of turnip mosaic virus confirmed this.

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