scholarly journals When the Employer Neglects his Contractual Obligation Push and Pull Factors for Employees to Come to Work Which is not Paid: A Case of Zimbabwean Parastatals

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maunganidze F ◽  
Mashavira N ◽  
Mapira N
Keyword(s):  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Contractual Obligation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Push And Pull

Internal migration in Italy. Long-run analysis of push and pull factors across regions and macro-areas of the country.

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
Piras Romano
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Push And Pull

The great majority of empirical studies on internal migration across Italian regions either ignores the long-run perspective of the phenomenon or do not consider push and pull factors separately. In addition, Centre-North to South flows, intra-South and intra-Centre-North migration have not been studied. We aim to fill this gap and tackle interregional migration flows from different geographical perspectives. We apply four panel data estimators with different statistical assumptions and show that long-run migration flows from the Mezzogiorno towards Centre-Northern regions are well explained by a gravity model in which per capita GDP, unemployment and population play a major role. On the contrary, migration flows from Centre-North to South has probably much to do with other social and demographic factors. Finally, intra Centre-North and intra South migration flows roughly obey to the gravity model, though not all explicative variables are relevant.

Foreign Labour Migration, Economic Growth and Remittances in Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwer
Keyword(s):  
Working Environment ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Push And Pull

This paper examines the history and current situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal, which is in increasing trend. This paper highlights on some major push and pull factors, impacts of labour migration and remittances. The role and impacts of remittances in Nepal are also another key issue of this paper. The objective of paper is to discuss historical aspects and highlights the role of remittances in Nepal. The paper is developed with the help of secondary sources of information and discussed only on Nepalese foreign labours. The existing exploitative working environment in destinations of Nepalese migrations labpurs, lack of skills and trainings among labour migrants including government to government agreement between labour sending (Nepal) and labour receiving countries to protect rights of labour migrants also has been discussed. This paper also highlights the need of effective foreign labour policies based on scientific research. There is need of reliable and proper environment of investment of remittances in productive sectors as well as use of migrant's skills and knowledge to achieve prosperity of nation.

scholarly journals Returning Migrants in the People’s Republic of China: Challenges and Perspectives—Evidence from Chongqing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar Tadevosyan ◽  
Shaojun Chen ◽  
Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Push And Pull

This working paper examines the push and pull factors that shape return migration in the People’s Republic of China. This study draws on primary qualitative research in Dianjiang County of Chongqing Municipality. The push and pull factors are associated with the availability of assets both in migration destinations and back at home that the migrants can draw upon to support their livelihoods. These assets comprise financial, human, and social capital; family relations; access to social security, housing and infrastructure; and productive assets such as land.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI ANTARA TENAGA KERJA PENDATANG LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN TERHADAP PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Septiani Riwanti ◽  
Dwi Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor

This research is aimed to know the difference of perception between National Migrant Workers of Men And Women Against Push And Pull Factors. The variable of push factors used in this research is that of job field, low wage, seeking capital and necessity of life. And pull factors are job opportunities, high wages, distance and culture. Then the data is processed using SPSS 20 software with parametric metode that is independent sample t test. The result of the research revealed that there is no difference of perception between men and women on the job field (push factor), there is no difference of perception between men and women to low wages (push factor), there is no difference of perception between men and women against looking for capital (push factor), there are differences of perceptions between men and women on the necessity of life (push factor), there are differences of perceptions between man and woman to job opportunity (pull factor), there are differences of perceptions between men (pull factor), there are differences in perceptions between men and women on the distance factor (pull factor) and there are differences in perceptions between men and women to the pull factor

scholarly journals Push and Pull Factors of Transnational Street Begging in South Western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Adekunle Ojedokun ◽  
Adeyinka Abideen Aderinto
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Push And Pull

Street begging in Nigeria has traditionally been dominated by indigenous beggars. However, a growing trend in the phenomenon in recent times is the involvement of migrant beggars in streets. Against this background, this paper examined the push and pull factors of transnational street begging in South Western Nigeria. The study was exploratory and cross-sectional in design. Anomie-strain theory was adopted as conceptual framework. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select 395 respondents. Survey questionnaire and in-depth interview were the methods of data collection. Transnational street beggars attributed their involvement in street begging to different socio-economic and environmental challenges in their home-countries. Most of them (53.4%) migrated to Nigeria for better opportunity. The Federal Government of Nigeria is urged to put in place a mechanism through which refugees who are genuinely in need can be helped and/or distinguished from migrants who have permanently taken to street begging as their means of livelihood.

scholarly journals IASL Conferences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Push And Pull

There are many reasons for librarians’ attendance at professional conferences and equally many why their attendance is either regular or irregular. This research was conducted to find out the push and pull factors that affected members’ attendance at annual conferences from 1998-2010. It also sought to ascertain whether virtual conferences would be accepted as an alternative to face-to-face conferences. A quantitative approach was used to conduct the research. Four hundred-fifty five members were randomly selected as the sample. Eighty-eight (88) responded. The findings revealed that participants attended mainly for professional development and only a very small number attended regularly over the 13 years. The main reason identified for the irregular attendance was the geographic location. A slight majority mentioned that they would recommend virtual conferences although there were disadvantages. Among the recommendations was the need for IASL to group countries by geographical regions to give members a better opportunity to attend more regularly.

Leaving Terrorism Behind

Small Arms ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Mia Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Psychological Dynamics ◽  
Push And Pull

In several countries including Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, rehabilitation programs dedicated specifically to children seek to reduce the risk that children rescued from terrorist groups may re-enter those groups upon release from detention. The capture or rescue of child militants poses exceptional social and legal challenges, and some extraordinary efforts are underway to help children reintegrate into the communities from which they were recruited or coerced into involvement. The chapter explores the various push and pull factors that are at the heart of the disengagement process, and will explore these especially in light of the core psychological dynamics at play in the initial involvement pathways.

Professor Hamlet’s dilemma: to retire or not to retire?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. McDaniel ◽  
Beverlee B. Anderson ◽  
Jennifer Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Faculty Retirement ◽  
Contractual Agreements ◽  
Push And Pull

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to explore the experiences of tenured academic retirees and the decision-making process leading to their retirements. The inquiry addressed the research question, What were the factors that most influenced the decision to retire?Design/methodology/approachTwenty retirees from a public university were interviewed. The interview began with a multipart question about the variables that influenced the decision to retire – the positive and negative factors that “pushed against” and “pulled towards” retirement. The researchers coded the interviews, identifying common themes that contributed to responding to the research questions. Data analysis was done using the constant comparative procedure. The analysis interpreted the data to form three propositions to serve as prompts for further study.FindingsThree propositions addressed the participants' “tipping point” where retirement was more attractive than remaining employed, the relative importance of financial vs other factors and the strong role of familial/personal factors pulling toward retirement.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in a university system with contractual agreements on retirement policies and benefits and therefore might not be generalizable to dissimilar institutions. Three propositions form the basis for further research to validate. The new conception of “push” and “pull” factors can serve as a basis for future research.Practical implicationsDefined Phased Retirement Plans are recommended as a “win-win” for faculty members and the institution.Originality/valueThis paper reconceptualizes the definitions of push and pull factors in the literature on faculty retirement and enriches the understanding of the complex factors influencing the decision to retire.

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