The relationship between dew and airborne particles is important in urban ecosystems, but the capability of dew to remove airborne particles remains unclear. During 2015 in Changchun, China, 74 dew and particle samples were collected simultaneously to investigate their chemical characteristics under normal, fog, and haze conditions. Analyses included measuring total dissolved solids, total suspended particulates, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, major cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), major anions (F−, Cl−, SO42-, and NO3-), and organic and elemental carbon. Results showed that air quality deteriorated during haze but improved in fog. The particle size distributions, major cations, and carbonaceous species documented in the dew and airborne particles demonstrated consistent synchronous patterns with values descending in the order haze > normal > fog conditions. We found that dew is a good indicator of near-surface air quality. Specifically, its water-soluble ions and carbonaceous species could be used to distinguish emission sources and to identify the presence of secondary organic carbon. Dew is more effective at removing airborne particles in normal weather than in haze or fog conditions; PM2.5 removal rates were 21.5%, 15.2%, and 13.7% on normal, foggy, and hazy days, respectively. Dew condensation processes reduce concentrations of gaseous and particulate pollutants in the near-surface layer.
Chemical Characterization of Fine Atmospheric Particles of Water-Soluble Ions and Carbonaceous Species in a Tropical Urban Atmosphere over the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain