scholarly journals Reemergence of Anopheles funestus as a Vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Western Kenya after Long-Term Implementation of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. McCann ◽  
Mary J. Hamel ◽  
William A. Hawley ◽  
Edward D. Walker ◽  
Eric Ochomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of new long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets against Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae from central and northern Mozambique

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Abílio ◽  
Pelágio Marrune ◽  
Nilsa de Deus ◽  
Francisco Mbofana ◽  
Pedro Muianga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets

scholarly journals Exploring the Mechanisms of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in a Highly Plasmodium-Infected Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Sensu Stricto from Sahel of Northern Nigeria

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Sulaiman S. Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad M. Mukhtar ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Amen N. Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
Sahel Region

The Nigerian Government is scaling up the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria control, but the lack of surveillance data, especially in the Sudan/Sahel region of the country, may hinder targeting priority populations. Here, the vectorial role and insecticide resistance profile of a population of a major malaria vector Anopheles funestus sensu stricto from Sahel of Nigeria was characterised. An. funestus s.s. was the only vector found, with a high human blood index (100%) and a biting rate of 5.3/person/night. High Plasmodium falciparum infection was discovered (sporozoite rate = 54.55%). The population is resistant to permethrin (mortality = 48.30%, LT50 = 65.76 min), deltamethrin, DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and bendiocarb, with mortalities of 29.44%, 56.34% and 54.05%, respectively. Cone-bioassays established loss of efficacy of the pyrethroid-only long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs); but 100% recovery of susceptibility was obtained for piperonylbutoxide (PBO)-containing PermaNet®3.0. Synergist bioassays with PBO and diethyl maleate recovered susceptibility, implicating CYP450s (permethrin mortality = 78.73%, χ2 = 22.33, P < 0.0001) and GSTs (DDT mortality = 81.44%, χ2 = 19.12, P < 0.0001). A high frequency of 119F GSTe2 mutation (0.84) was observed (OR = 16, χ2 = 3.40, P = 0.05), suggesting the preeminent role of metabolic resistance. These findings highlight challenges associated with deployment of LLINs and indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Nigeria.

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