scholarly journals Characterization, classification and suitability evaluation of soils under sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation at the Sugar Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
O.N. Ajala ◽  
T.A. Adjadeh ◽  
J.O. Olaniyan ◽  
T.O. Isimikalu ◽  
E.K. Nartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Suitability Evaluation ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
The University

A reconnaissance survey conducted at the University of Ilorin Sugar Research Farm (USRF) revealed four dominant soils at Site 1 (USRF1) and one at Site 2 (USRF2). The soils were characterized and classified according to both the Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). Also, the suitability of the soils for sugarcane cultivation was evaluated using the limitation approach. While the USRF1 soils were reddish, the USRF2 soil was greyish due to poor drainage. The USRF1 soils were loamy sand with the AB-horizons of pedons II and III being gravelly. Pedon V had sandy loam surface, sandy clay loam subsurface and clay loam subsoil. The USRF1 soils were moderately acid while the USRF2 soil was slightly acid to slightly alkaline. Exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) content of the USRF2 soil which averaged 4.00 cmolc kg–1 was 2-3 times higher than that of the USRF1 soils. The USRF2 soil also contained higher Mg2+, K+ and Na+, 2-3 folds higher effective cation exchange capacity and > 10 folds higher soil organic carbon (with mean of 11.60 g kg–1) and total nitrogen (mean of 0.94 g kg–1). Under ST, pedons I and IV classified as Typic Haplustepts, II and III as Lithic Haplustepts and V as a Kanhaplic Haplustalf. Under WRB, pedons I and IV classified as Eutric Regosols (arenic), II and III as Endo-pisoplinthic Cambisols (arenic) and V as a Gleyic Lixisol (loamic). Pedon V was highly suitable (85.25%), I and IV moderately suitable (64.53%), II marginally suitable (47.40%) and III unsuitable (35.62%) for sugarcane cultivation.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of The Soils of Bukuru-Jos, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base

Twelve profile pits were sunk, four in each of the three locations of Bukuru, the study area. Proper soil profile description was done and recorded to obtain field characterization data after which thirty-six soil samples were collected from all the genetic horizons for soil characterization. Bukuru soils showed higher sand fraction (71%) than silt (12%) and clay (17%) at the topsoil but showed increased clay content at the subsoil. While Gyel and Fwarti locations soils were sandy loam, Rabi location soil was sandy clay loam. Soil pH, Organic carbon (Org. C), Total Nitrogen (Total N), and Available phosphorus (Avail. P) were 6.2, 6.3 gkg- 1, 1.9 gkg-1 and 4.82 mgkg-1respectively and were graded low. Exchangeable bases were dominated by Ca2+ and Mg2+. Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Cal- cium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) were 0.24 cmolkg-1, 0.06 cmolkg-1, 15.7 cmolkg-1 and 2.60 cmolkg-1 respectively. While Na+ and K+ were graded low, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were graded high. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was 18.82 cmolkg-1, and was graded high. All the soil samples analysed showed high per- centage base saturation (PBS), above 90%. The low values of Org. C, Total N, Na and K and the characteristic sandiness of Bukuru soils in the surface horizon indicated the low fertility status of Bukuru soils. Bukuru soils were classified using the Keys to Soil taxonomy of the USDA as “Typic isothermic kandic us- talfs”. This was correlated to “Lixisols” in the World Reference Base (WRB) of FAO at a higher level and "Rhodic/Chromic" as a principal qualifier. .

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Jalingo Metropolis, North-east, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Osujieke D.N ◽  
Obasi N.S. ◽  
Imadojemu P.E ◽  
Ekawa M. ◽  
Angyu M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
North East ◽  
World Reference Base

The study was aimed at the characterizing and the classifying of soils of Jalingo metropo- lis in Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. Profile pit was dug on each of the three different sites of the study area as identified using free survey. The profile pits were described and sampled bases on horizon differentiation for laboratory analyses. A total of 10 samples were collected. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine their coefficient of variation. The result indicated that the horizons were mostly reddish when moist at different contrasting level. The textural classes were mostly loamy sand while the sub-angular blocky structure was observed in the entire subsurface horizons. The horizons of the pedons were well drained. Sand fraction had means of 826.80 g/kg, 816.80 g/kg and 766.8 g/kg for pedons 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Clay fraction increased in an in- creasing soil depth which formed an argillic horizon. Sand fraction, bulk density and parti- cle density recorded low variation (≥0 % ≤5.22 %) in among the pedons. Soil pH(H2O) had a mean of 6.40 in pedon 1, 6.43 in pedon 2 and 6.41 in pedon 3. Organic carbon ranged from ≥2.0 g/kg ≤0.43 g/kg while cation exchange capacity ranged from ≥4.58 cmol/kg ≤5.01 cmol/kg among the pedons. The percent base saturation had a mean of 66.6 %, 65.1 % and 66 % in pedon 1, 2 and 3. Hence, pedons 1 and 2 were classified as Grossarenic Kandiustalfs (Arenic Lixisols), while pedon 3 was classified as Arenic Kandi- ustalfs (Loamic Lixisols) according to USDA soil taxonomy and correlated with world reference base.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS FORMED FROM DIFFERENT GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Chike Onyeke Madueke ◽  
Ikokwu Kalu Okore ◽  
Ebubechukwu Chizoba Maduekeh ◽  
Akudo Ogechukwu Onunwa ◽  
Maduabuchi Johnbosco Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Clay Shales ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Study Sites

Data on the nature, properties and potentials of soils is grossly inadequate in the rainforest belt of southeastern Nigeria. As such, policymakers and other land users have tended to subscribe to unduly generalized ideas about the soils of the region. This has led to improper land use planning and aggravated land degradation. This necessitated the need for the comparative evaluation of the nature and potentials of the soils of the region to determine their degree of variability. Profile pits were dug in four towns underlain by different geologic formations: Umungwa (Benin Formation), Umuawa Ogii (Nsukka Formation), Ikpem (Igbaku Sandstones) and Amuro (Imo Clay Shales). The soils were characterized and classified using the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Taxonomy and land capability classification. The variability of soils across the different sites was subsequently analysed using the coefficient of variation (CV). The results show that the variability of sand across the study sites was moderate (20 – 21 %), silt was high (63 %), clay ranged from moderate (34 %) to high (52 %), while hydraulic conductivity was very high (128 – 144 %). Similarly, with regards to the chemical properties, soil pH and base saturation ranged from moderate (20 – 49 %) to high (52 %), while effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and aluminium saturation were high (70 – 77 %). It was concluded that the soils of southeastern Nigeria are very heterogeneous. Undue generalization should consequently be discouraged.

scholarly journals Soils in an agricultural landscape of Jokioinen, south-western Finland

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. YLI-HALLA ◽  
D. L. MOKMA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
High Area ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Topographic Depressions

Eleven pedons in an agricultural landscape at elevations 80-130 m above sea level in Jokioinen, south-western Finland were investigated and classified according to Soil Taxonomy, the FAO-Unesco system (FAO), and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources system (WRB). The soils were related to geomorphology of the landscape which is characterized by clayey fields and forested bedrock high areas covered with glacial till. A Spodosol/Podzol was found in a coarse-sandy soil in an esker while the sandy loam in a bedrock high area soils did not have an E horizon. A man-made mollic epipedon was found in a cultivated soil which had a sandy plow layer while clayey plow layers were ochric epipedons. Cambic horizons, identified by structure and redox concentrations, were common in cultivated soils. In a heavy clay soil, small slickensides and wedge-shaped aggregates, i.e., vertic characteristics, were found. Histosols occurred in local topographic depressions irrespective of the absolute elevation. According to the three classification systems, the following catenas are recognized: Haplocryods - Dystro/Eutrocryepts -Haplocryolls - Cryaquepts - Cryosaprists (Soil Taxonomy), Podzols - Regosols - Cambisols - Histosols (FAO-Unesco), and Podzols - Cambisols - Phaeozems - Gleysols - Histosols (WRB).;

scholarly journals Classification and assessment of agricultural potential of the lower Niger floodplain soils of Atani, Southeastern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
F.C. Okenmuo ◽  
C.O. Anochie ◽  
M.E. Ukabiala ◽  
C.L.A. Asadu ◽  
P.K. Kefas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Capability Evaluation

The soils of Atani floodplain in Anambra State of Nigeria contribute significantly to the food production of the State, hence the need to understand their behavior in order to enhance their management and productivity. Profile pits were sited along three physiographic units viz: levee crest, levee  slope and flood basin. Soil samples were collected from the profile horizons and subjected to standard laboratory procedures. Characterization of the soils was based on their morphological, physical and chemical properties. Soil classification was carried out using the USDA Soil Taxonomy and correlated with FAO/IUSS World Reference Base. Its agricultural potential was assessed using the fertility capability classification. The soils were deep. Topsoil colour was dominantly blackish black (10YR 3/2). Mottles were pervasive; an indication of impeded drainage conditions. The soils were predominantly fine textured. Soil pH values ranged from 4.8 to 6.2. Exchangeable Calcium was low to moderate (2.6-8.2 cmol kg−1); Magnesium was moderate to high (1.6-6.8 cmol kg−1); Sodium was high to very high (1.0-2.5 cmol kg−1), while potassium was high (1.2-4.2 cmol kg−1). Cation  exchange capacity values ranged from 11.6 to 42.6 cmol kg−1. Total nitrogen was very low to low (0.14-1.12 g kg−1), while organic carbon was low to moderate (0.4-15.2 g kg−1). Available phosphorus was very low to high ranging from 0.93 to 31.71 mg kg−1 while base saturation ranged from 64 to 93%. The soils were classified as Typic Fluvaquents (Typic Fluvisols), Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) and Fluventic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) according to the USDA and FAO/IUSS. The fertility capability evaluation of the soils revealed that the pedons were Lgn in classification due to limitations in drainage. Key words: alluvium, cambic horizon, Inceptisols, lithologic discontinuity

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Kairis ◽  
Vassiliki Dimitriou ◽  
Chrysoula Aratzioglou ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Nicholas Yassoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Surveys

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

The World Reference Base for Soils (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy: an appraisal of their application to the soils of the Northern Rivers of New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Morand
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The World ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Northern Rivers ◽  
Soil Surveys

Few soil surveys in New South Wales have utilised international soil classifications. Extensive morphological and laboratory data collected during soil surveys in the Northern Rivers region provided a strong basis for correlation with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), Soil Taxonomy (ST), and the Australian Soil Classification (ASC). Of the 32 reference soil groups comprising the WRB, 20 were present locally; nine of the 12 ST orders were present. After re-classification of soils, correlation of the ASC with the WRB and ST was undertaken. Soils not requiring extensive laboratory analysis for classification and sharing similar central concepts were the more straightforward to correlate. Several ASC orders have unique central concepts and were therefore difficult to correlate with any one WRB reference soil group or ST order/suborder. Other soils were difficult to correlate due to differences in definitions of similar diagnostic criteria. This is most applicable to soils with strong texture-contrast and those with natric conditions. Such soils are not adequately differentiated to suit the Northern Rivers conditions. Of the two international schemes, the WRB was easier to apply locally due to the relative simplicity of the scheme. Considering certain aspects of Australian soils would improve the applicability of the WRB as a truly international framework for soil classification and correlation. Amendments to both the ASC and WRB are suggested.

scholarly journals Classification and fertility status of soils on slopes of varying orientations in Umuahia area of Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
The West ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Matter Concentration

The slope orientation and position of toposequence influence soil properties along the landscape. The study classified and evaluated the fertility status of soils on slopes of varying orientations in Umudike (East-lying Toposequence) and Itu (West-lying Toposequence) located in Olokoro Umuahia, Abia State southeastern Nigeria. Transect soil sampling technique was employed in locating 3 distinct top units (Summit, Midslope and Footslope) along each of the toposequence. Soil profile pit was dug at each top unit, described using FAO guidelines and sampled according to genetic horizons. Soil samples collected were subjected to routine laboratory analyses. Pedons were classified using the USDA Soil Taxonomy System and correlated with World Reference Base while the fertility status was evaluated using elemental ratios. The results indicated that soils of the two toposequence were dominated by sandy clay loam texture. Consistency of the pedons generally varied from very friable (Vfr) to very firm (Vfi) in the two toposequence. Soil pH was very strongly acidic (4.58-4.78) in the east lying toposequence but varied from very strongly acidic to strongly acidic (4.52-5.30) in the west lying toposequence. Organic matter concentration was higher at the epipedons and ranged from 26.44 to 23.36 g kg -1 and 18.9 to 30.64 g kg -1 in soils of east-lying and west-lying slopes, respectively. K: Mg ratio varied from 0.01- 0.12 and 0.01-0.08 at the east and west lying slopes, respectively. The pedons of the summit, midslope and footslope were as classified Grossarenic Paleudalfs, Typic Paleudalfs and Arenic Hapludalfs for respectively for the east-lying slope and Arenic Glossudalfs, Typic Paleudalfs and Typic Ferrudalfs, respectively for the west-lying slope. Generally, the two toposequences were of poor fertility status.

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