Accumulation and Depuration of Pathogenic and Indicator Microorganisms by the bivalve mollusc, Chamelea gallina L, Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO MARTINEZ-MANZANARES ◽  
FERNANDO EGEA ◽  
DOLORES CASTRO ◽  
MIGUEL A. MORIÑIGO ◽  
PEDRO ROMERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Bivalve Mollusc ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Chamelea Gallina ◽  
Elimination Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical Nature

The comparative accumulation and depuration processes for several microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and MS-2 coliphage) by the striped venus, Chamelea gallina, under controlled laboratory conditions were studied. Microorganisms accumulated rapidly in bivalves during the first 6 h, with accumulation rates between 3.2 to 360.5 organisms/h depending on the type of microorganism. The relative patterns and rates of elimination of the microorganisms suggest that they are eliminated from shellfish in two different ways. One is of a mechanical nature that results in microbial elimination during the first 12 h. The other elimination mechanism depends upon the microbial species and their accumulated number. All microorganisms tested were eliminated completely by the molluscs after 3 d of depuration, except MS-2 bacteriophages. Results indicate that MS-2 coliphages may be a more reliable indicator of the microbial depuration efficiency by the shellfish under laboratory conditions than E. coli.

Relationship Between Indicators of Fecal Pollution in Shellfish-growing Water and the Occurrence of Human Pathogenic Microorganisms in Shellfish

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MARTINEZ-MANZANARES ◽  
M. A. MORIÑIGO ◽  
D. CASTRO ◽  
M. C. BALEBONA ◽  
M. A. MUÑOZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Fecal Indicators ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Chamelea Gallina ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

The suitability and efficiency of fecal indicators of pollution to determine the quality of shellfish-growing waters were studied in the estuary of Guadalhorce river (Málaga, Spain). A direct relationship between the concentration of indicator microorganisms in shellfish-growing waters and that of pathogens in shellfish (Cardium edule and Chamelea gallina) has not been established. However, in this study the log-normal distribution of the concentration of sulfite-reducer Clostridium spores, fecal streptococci, and coliphages showed a significant relationship with the detection of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas hydrophila, respectively.

Antibacterial Activity of a Chitooligosaccharide Mixture Prepared by Cellulase Digestion of Shrimp Chitosan and Its Application to Milk Preservation

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUO-JANE TSAI ◽  
ZEN-YUON WU ◽  
WEN-HUEY SU
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cellulase Digestion ◽  
Sterilized Milk

The antibacterial activity of a chitooligosaccharide mixture prepared by digestion of shrimp chitosan with cellulase at 50°C for 14 h was evaluated. Sugars with 1 to 8 degrees of polymer (DP) were found in this chitooligosaccharide mixture, and the weight percentage of sugars with DP ≧ 6 was 44.3%. Minimal lethal concentrations of this mixture against Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in nutrient broth were 5 to 29 ppm, which were much lower than those of the chitosan reactant (50 to 1,000 ppm). The antibacterial activity of this mixture in the sterilized milk against E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and S. aureus was much stronger at 4°C than at 37°C. When raw milk was supplemented with either 0.24% or 0.48% (wt/vol) of this oligosaccharide mixture and stored at 4°C for 12 days, its mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts were reduced by at least 3 log cycles, and there was very little change in pH. In addition, this mixture retarded the growth of Salmonella species and caused quicker reduction of Staphylococcus species in raw milk. Accordingly, the shelf life of raw milk at 4°C was extended by at least 4 days.

Water Quality of Swimming Pools in Jerusalem

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lerman ◽  
O. Lev ◽  
A. Adin ◽  
E. Katzenelson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Indirect Information

The Israel Ministry of Health is now revising its regulations for the assurance of safe water quality in public swimming pools. Since it is not possible to monitor each of the pathogenic microorganisms, it is often recommended to monitor indicator bacteria which provide indirect information on the water quality in the swimming pool. Three indicator microorganisms are often recommended: coliform counts (total coliforms, fecal coliforms or E. Coli), staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. A four year survey of the water quality of swimming pools in the Jerusalem District was conducted in order to determine whether the monitoring of all three indicators is necessary to assure safe water quality or is it sufficient to monitor only a single microorganism. A statistical analysis, conducted by using several different statistical techniques, reveals that the populations of the three indicator organisms are significantly interdependent but the correlations between each pair of these indicators are not sufficient to base a prediction of any of the organisms based on the measurements of the others. Therefore, it is concluded that monitoring of all three indicators should be recommended in order to provide an adequate picture of the water quality in swimming pools.

Growth of Selected Cross-Contaminating Bacterial Pathogens on Beef and Fish at 15 and 35°C+

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJIBOLA O. FAPOHUNDA ◽  
KENNETH W. MCMILLIN ◽  
DOUGLAS L. MARSHALL ◽  
W. M. WAITES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Conditioning Temperature ◽  
The Tropics

Isolates of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens from beef and Aeromonas hydrophila from fish were examined for their ability to survive and grow as cross-contaminates on nonnative tissues at simulated ambient (35°C) and aging/conditioning (15°C) temperatures of handling and retailing found in the tropics. Growth of all isolates over a 10-h period was greater (P < 0.05) on their native tissues at both temperatures. The aging/conditioning temperature effectively limited growth of E. coli and A. hydrophila to less than l-logl0 CFU/g and prevented growth of C. perfringens on beef and fish samples. All three isolates demonstrated characteristic mesophilic growth response on both tissues at 35°C during the 10-h retail period. The study suggests that two muscle food products could be jointly handled to efficiently use available storage/haulage capacity in tropical countries. Potential savings in space, labor and energy would be made if cross-contamination between the two products is minimized by available packaging and sanitizing technologies.

scholarly journals Ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas e deteriorantes em sashimi de salmão: avaliação de histamina e de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Silva Cordeiro ◽  
Lygia Silva Galeno ◽  
Cáritas de Jesus Silva Mendonça ◽  
Isabel Azevedo Carvalho ◽  
Francisca Neide Costa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
E Coli

Resumo O estudo das condições higiênico sanitárias de alimentos cárneos consumidos crus, como o sashimi, é necessário para definir sua qualidade e possíveis consequências para a saúde humana. Foram coletadas 60 amostras de sashimi de salmão (Salmo salar), de dez restaurantes na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão - Brasil, sendo seis de cada local. As amostras foram analisadas para contagem de coliformes a 35 °C, coliformes a 45 °C e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e negativa, identificação da presença de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Aeromonas spp, teste de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos dos isolados e quantificação de histamina nas amostras. Os resultados mostraram elevadas contagens de coliformes a 35 °C e 12 amostras com >102 NMP/g de coliformes a 45 °C, presença de E. coli e de Salmonella sp. em 3 amostras cada, ausência de V. parahaemolyticus e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa entre <20 e 5,0x104 UFC/g, presença de Aeromonas spp. em 95% das amostras, sendo 60 isolados A. hydrophila e 6 A. caviae. Para suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, os isolados de E. coli foram sensíveis a CPM, CTX, LVX, PPT e SUT, dois resistentes a AMP; um resistente a GEN, um a AMI e um a AMC. Os isolados de Salmonella foram sensíveis a AMC, CPM, CFO, CRX, GEN, LVX e PPT, um resistente a AMI e um a AMP e SUT. Os isolados de Aeromonas foram resistentes em média a cinco dos antimicrobianos, sendo a AMP (97%), a CRX (90,9%) e a AMC (77,3%), e 81,8% foram sensíveis ao CPM. Os níveis de histamina variaram de 44,06 ± 0,74 a 505,46 ± 8,83 mg/kg, sendo 21 das amostras com níveis superiores a 100 mg/kg. As amostras apresentaram condições higiênicos sanitárias insatisfatórias e riscos para a saúde pública, por identificação de bactérias patogênicas e elevadas concentrações de histamina capazes de causar intoxicação escombróide, e ainda, isolados com multirresistência aos antimicrobianos testados.

scholarly journals Characterization of the acoustic activity of Perna perna (bivalve mollusc) under laboratory conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubirajara Gonçalves de Melo Júnior ◽  
Fábio Contrera Xavier ◽  
Daniel Campbell ◽  
Nilce Silveira ◽  
Leonardo Versiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bivalve Mollusc ◽  
Perna Perna ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

scholarly journals High Resolution Melt Assays to Detect and Identify Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Clostridioides difficile Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Allison C. Bender ◽  
Jessica A. Faulkner ◽  
Katherine Tulimieri ◽  
Thomas H. Boise ◽  
Kelly M. Elkins
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Over one hundred bacterial species have been determined to comprise the human microbiota in a healthy individual. Bacteria including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridioides difficile, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are found inside of the human body and B. cereus and E. coli are also found on the skin. These bacteria can act as human pathogens upon ingestion of contaminated food or water, if they enter an open wound, or antibiotics, and environment or stress can alter the microbiome. In this study, we present new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high-resolution melt (HRM) assays to detect and identify the above microorganisms. Amplified DNA from C. difficile, E. coli, B. cereus, and V. parahaemolyticus melted at 80.37 ± 0.45 °C, 82.15 ± 0.37 °C, 84.43 ± 0.50 °C, and 86.74 ± 0.65 °C, respectively. A triplex PCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect and identify E. coli, B. cereus, and V. parahaemolyticus, and cultured microorganisms were successfully amplified, detected, and identified. The assays demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and robustness in testing.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by Curcumin-Mediated Photosensitization and Nanobubble-Ultrasonication Approaches

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Shamil Rafeeq ◽  
Setareh Shiroodi ◽  
Michael H. Schwarz ◽  
Nitin Nitin ◽  
Reza Ovissipour
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Complete Reduction ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

The antimicrobial efficacy of novel photodynamic inactivation and nanobubble technologies was evaluated against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila as two important aquatic microbial pathogens. Photodynamic inactivation results showed that LED (470 nm) and UV-A (400 nm)-activated curcumin caused a complete reduction in V. parahaemolyticus at 4 and 22 °C, and a greater than 2 log cfu/mL reduction in A. hydrophila, which was curcumin concentration-dependent (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the photodynamic approach caused a greater than 6 log cfu/mL V. parahaemolyticus reduction and more than 4 log cfu/mL of A. hydrophila reduction in aquaponic water samples (p < 0.05). Our results with the nanobubble technology showed that the nanobubbles alone did not significantly reduce bacteria (p > 0.05). However, a greater than 6 log cfu/mL A. hydrophila reduction and a greater than 3 log cfu/mL of V. parahaemolyticus reduction were achieved when nanobubble technology was combined with ultrasound (p < 0.05). The findings described in this study illustrate the potential of applying photodynamic inactivation and nanobubble–ultrasound antimicrobial approaches as alternative novel methods for inactivating fish and shellfish pathogens.

scholarly journals Cold Shock Induces Chromosomal qnr in Vibrio Species and Plasmid-Mediated qnrS1 in Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Chang Jang ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Chunhui Chen ◽  
Laura Vinué ◽  
George A. Jacoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents

ABSTRACT qnr genes are found in aquatic bacteria and were present in the bacterial community before the introduction of synthetic quinolones. Their natural functions are unknown. We evaluated expression of chromosomal qnr in Vibrio species in response to environmental stresses and DNA-damaging agents. Subinhibitory concentrations of quinolones, but not other DNA-damaging agents, increased expression of chromosomal qnr by more than five times in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio mytili. Cold shock also induced expression of qnr in V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. mytili, as well as expression of qnrS1 in Escherichia coli. qnrS1 induction by cold shock was not altered in ΔihfA or ΔihfB mutants or in a strain overexpressing dnaA, all of which otherwise directly modulate qnrS1 induction by ciprofloxacin. In contrast, the level of qnrS1 induction by cold shock was reduced in a ΔcspA mutant in the cold shock regulon compared to the wild type. In conclusion, cold shock and quinolones induce expression of chromosomal qnr in Vibrio species and of the related qnrS1 gene in E. coli.

scholarly journals The Disulfide Bond Formation Pathway Is Essential for Anaerobic Growth of Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Meehan ◽  
Cristina Landeta ◽  
Dana Boyd ◽  
Jonathan Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Disulfide Bond Formation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

ABSTRACT Disulfide bonds are critical to the stability and function of many bacterial proteins. In the periplasm of Escherichia coli, intramolecular disulfide bond formation is catalyzed by the two-component disulfide bond forming (DSB) system. Inactivation of the DSB pathway has been shown to lead to a number of pleotropic effects, although cells remain viable under standard laboratory conditions. However, we show here that dsb strains of E. coli reversibly filament under aerobic conditions and fail to grow anaerobically unless a strong oxidant is provided in the growth medium. These findings demonstrate that the background disulfide bond formation necessary to maintain the viability of dsb strains is oxygen dependent. LptD, a key component of the lipopolysaccharide transport system, fails to fold properly in dsb strains exposed to anaerobic conditions, suggesting that these mutants may have defects in outer membrane assembly. We also show that anaerobic growth of dsb mutants can be restored by suppressor mutations in the disulfide bond isomerization system. Overall, our results underscore the importance of proper disulfide bond formation to pathways critical to E. coli viability under conditions where oxygen is limited. IMPORTANCE While the disulfide bond formation (DSB) system of E. coli has been studied for decades and has been shown to play an important role in the proper folding of many proteins, including some associated with virulence, it was considered dispensable for growth under most laboratory conditions. This work represents the first attempt to study the effects of the DSB system under strictly anaerobic conditions, simulating the environment encountered by pathogenic E. coli strains in the human intestinal tract. By demonstrating that the DSB system is essential for growth under such conditions, this work suggests that compounds inhibiting Dsb enzymes might act not only as antivirulents but also as true antibiotics.

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