Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from Broilers and Broiler House Environments in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NORSTRÖM ◽  
G. JOHNSEN ◽  
M. HOFSHAGEN ◽  
H. THARALDSEN ◽  
H. KRUSE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Broiler House

Antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni collected from the environment outside four broiler houses (n = 63) and from the environment inside these broiler houses (including broiler droppings) (n = 36) from May to September 2004 was studied and compared with isolates from Norwegian broilers analyzed within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring program of antimicrobial resistance in feed, food, and animals (NORM-VET) in 2004 (n = 75). The MICs of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained by the broth microdilution method VetMIC. The present study, which to our knowledge is the first Norwegian study on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from the environment of broiler houses, revealed a very low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from the broilers and broiler house environments studied. All isolates originating from the four broiler houses studied were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except for one isolate from the outdoor environment (courtyard soil), which was resistant to oxytetracycline (MIC, 8 mg/liter). For the isolates from broilers (NORM-VET), low prevalences of resistance to oxytetracycline (1.3%) and ampicillin (4%) were observed. No quinolone resistance was observed. The results for the broiler isolates are in agreement with the earlier findings of a very low prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter from broilers in Norway, which reflects the low usage of antimicrobials in Norwegian broiler production. Furthermore, the present data are in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. jejuni from domestically acquired human cases.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Bifidobacteria of Animal Origin to Selected Antimicrobial Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Mayrhofer ◽  
Christiane Mair ◽  
Wolfgang Kneifel ◽  
Konrad J. Domig
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Safety Criterion ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Micro Organisms

Strains of the genus Bifidobacterium are frequently used as probiotics, for which the absence of acquired antimicrobial resistance has become an important safety criterion. This clarifies the need for antibiotic susceptibility data for bifidobacteria. Based on a recently published standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bifidobacteria with broth microdilution method, the range of susceptibility to selected antibiotics in 117 animal bifidobacterial strains was examined. Narrow unimodal MIC distributions either situated at the low-end (chloramphenicol, linezolid, and quinupristin/dalfopristin) or high-end (kanamycin, neomycin) concentration range could be detected. In contrast, the MIC distribution of trimethoprim was multimodal. Data derived from this study can be used as a basis for reviewing or verifying present microbiological breakpoints suggested by regulatory agencies to assess the safety of these micro-organisms intended for the use in probiotics.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Orthopedic Implants following Revision Hip Surgery

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 3002-3005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Tunney ◽  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Sheila Patrick ◽  
James R. Nixon ◽  
Philip G. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Hip Surgery ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Revision Hip Surgery

The susceptibilities of 49 isolates recovered from orthopedic implants to seven antimicrobial agents were evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Ciprofloxacin and vancomycin were more active than gentamicin, representing aminoglycosides which are routinely incorporated into bone cement, and also more active than the peroperative antimicrobial agents cefamandole and erythromycin. The use of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin in vivo, therefore, warrants further evaluation.

scholarly journals Susceptibilities of Corynebacterium bovis and Corynebacterium amylocolatum Isolates from Bovine Mammary Glands to 15 Antimicrobial Agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3476-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Watts ◽  
Silvia Rossbach
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Data

ABSTRACT Coryneform bacteria are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis and are associated with economic losses. Generally, the MICs of the 15 antimicrobial agents tested at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited for 46 Corynebacterium bovis and 13Corynebacterium amylocolatum strains were low. These are the first quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility data available for coryneforms from bovine mastitis. Data from this study suggest that comparable corynebacteria from humans have a much higher level of antimicrobial resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis Commensal Isolates from Laying Hen Farms in Spain

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Jorge Rivera-Gomis ◽  
Pedro Marín ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Conesa ◽  
Julio Otal ◽  
María José Jordán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Global Threat

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat for human and animal health. Few studies have been carried out in laying hens. We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis isolates in Spanish laying hens in 2018. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used to identify any AMR of the studied isolates by means of a broth microdilution method. C. jejuni was highly resistant to the B category antimicrobials, and 52% of the isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested. E. coli showed medium and high percentages of resistance to the B and A antibiotic categories, respectively, and 33.33% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. The E. faecalis resistance to A category antimicrobials was variable, and 4.62% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. In our work, novel data on AMR in laying hen commensal isolates in Spain is provided, and the AMR levels differ from those reported for poultry in the EU. A high resistance to key drugs for human medicine was found, representing a public health risk.

scholarly journals Prevalence, genetic characterization, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from meat goats in the Northeastern region of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Wattanasak Chamlakhorn ◽  
◽  
Patchara Phuektes ◽  
Seri Khang-Air ◽  
Sunpetch Angkititrakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

This study aimed to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella isolated from meat goats in the Northeastern region of Thailand. A total of 1,014 rectal swabs were collected from 30 meat goat farms during April to November, 2018. Salmonella was isolated and identified according to the International Organization for Standardization protocol (ISO-6579:2002/AMD:2017) and serotyped using a slide agglutination test following the Kauffmann-White scheme. An antimicrobial susceptibility test to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12 antimicrobial agents was performed using a broth microdilution method following the CLSI protocol (2017). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI digested chromosomal DNA was used to determine genotypic diversity of the isolates. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in the meat goats was 1.28%. A total of 13 Salmonella isolates recovered from the meat goats belonged to 4 serovars includings. Weltevreden (n=4), S. Bovismorbificans (n=4), S. Paratyphi B (n=4), and S. Stanley (n=1). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed 2 antibiogram patternS. Eleven Salmonella isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, except sulfamethoxazole, and the other 2 isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. Genetic characterization of 13 Salmonella isolates by PFGE revealed 9 PFGE patterns that were grouped into 4 major clusters, A, B, C and D, with an 80% similarity value. This study revealed a low prevalence of Salmonella in meat goats in the Northeastern region of Thailand. Salmonella isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested, with a very high proportion of resistance to sulfamethoxazole being observed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs between 2010 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Oh ◽  
Dong-Chan Moon ◽  
Young Ju Lee ◽  
Bang-Hun Hyun ◽  
Suk-Kyung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Selection Of

Pasteurella multocida is one of the significant causes of respiratory infection outbreaks in the Korean pig industry. Although antimicrobial treatment is an effective strategy for controlling respiratory diseases, limited information is available regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogens infecting Korean pigs. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance of P multocida against widely used antimicrobials in order to enable the selection of appropriate drugs and to evaluate any trends in resistance. A total of 454 isolates of P multocida were collected from all provinces in Korea between 2010 and 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates was determined using a broth microdilution method. The most frequently observed resistance was to sulphadimethoxine (76.0 per cent), followed by oxytetracycline (66.5 per cent), chlortetracycline (36.8 per cent) and florfenicol (18.5 per cent). Although no consistent increase or decrease in resistance was observed for most antimicrobials, resistance to fluoroquinolones tended to increase over the study period. A variety of resistance patterns were observed, most frequently for tetracyclines and sulphonamides. These findings could provide information enabling the selection of optimal antimicrobials for efficient treatment of pneumoniae pasteurellosis in pig farms, which would impede the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in Gulls Feeding on Zagreb Rubbish Tip, Croatia; Their Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Perspective with Human and Broiler Isolates

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Luka Jurinović ◽  
Sanja Duvnjak ◽  
Gordan Kompes ◽  
Silvija Šoprek ◽  
Borka Šimpraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacteriosis is the most common gastrointestinal bacterial disease in the European Union (EU). Wild birds are one of the natural reservoirs of these pathogens. In this study we tested cloacal swabs of 643 gulls captured on rubbish tip in Zagreb, Croatia for the presence of Campylobacter spp. and found 168 Campylobacter positive samples. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to genotype 62 random C. jejuni isolates from gulls, 24 isolates from broiler caeca, 27 isolates from broiler neck skins and 23 human isolates. Altogether, we identified 44 different STs, from which 19 were newly described. Most of the new STs (14) originate from gulls. Although humans and broilers share the majority of STs and isolates from gulls are separated from these, there was one ST present in all three hosts: 45. Additionally antimicrobial susceptibility to six antimicrobials was performed on 123 C. jejuni strains isolated from broiler caeca (n = 22), neck skins of broilers (n = 20), gulls cloacal swabs (n = 50) and human faeces (n = 31) by the broth microdilution method. Results show lower resistance of gull isolates to NAL and CIP, while resistance to TET was as high as in human and broiler isolates.

scholarly journals Optical Screening for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and for Observation of Phenotypic Diversity among Strains of the Genetically Clonal Species Bacillus anthracis

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather P. McLaughlin ◽  
Amy S. Gargis ◽  
Pierre Michel ◽  
David Sue ◽  
Linda M. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACTDuring high-impact events involvingBacillus anthracis, such as the Amerithrax incident of 2001 or the anthrax outbreaks in Russia and Sweden in 2016, critical decisions to reduce morbidity and mortality include rapid selection and distribution of effective antimicrobial agents for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis. Detection of antimicrobial resistance currently relies on a conventional broth microdilution method that requires a 16- to 20-h incubation time forB. anthracis. Advances in high-resolution optical screening offer a new technology to more rapidly evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and to simultaneously assess the growth characteristics of an isolate. Herein, we describe a new method developed and evaluated as a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test forB. anthracis. This method is based on automated digital time-lapse microscopy to observe the growth and morphological effects of relevant antibiotics with an optical screening instrument, the oCelloScope.B. anthracisstrains were monitored over time in the presence or absence of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, or doxycycline. Susceptibility to each antibiotic was determined in ≤4 h, 75 to 80% less than the time required for conventional methods. Time-lapse video imaging compiled from the optical screening images revealed unexpected differences in growth characteristics among strains ofB. anthracis, which is considered to be a clonal organism. This technology provides a new approach for rapidly detecting phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and for documenting growth attributes that may be beneficial in the further characterization of individual strains.

The Path of More Resistance: A Comparison of NHSN and CLSI Criteria in Developing Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Reports and Institutional Antibiograms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Winnett ◽  
Vinay Srinivasan ◽  
Matthew Davis ◽  
Tara Vijayan ◽  
Daniel Z. Uslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network

Background In the absence of antimicrobial susceptibility data, the institutional antibiogram is a valuable tool to guide clinicians in the empiric treatment of infections. However, there is a misunderstanding on how best to prepare cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility testing reports (CASTRs) to guide empiric therapy (e.g., routine antibiogram) versus monitoring antimicrobial resistance, with the former following guidance from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and the latter from Center for Disease Control and Preventions National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). These criteria vary markedly in their exclusion or inclusion of isolates cultured repeatedly from the same patient. Methods We compared rates of non-susceptibility (NS)using annual data from a large teaching healthcare system subset to isolates eligible by either NHSN criteria or CLSI criteria. Results For a panel of the three most prevalent gram-negative pathogens in combination with clinically relevant antimicrobial agents (or priority pathogen-agent combinations, PPACs), we found that the inclusion of duplicate isolates by NHSN criteria yielded higher NS rates than when CLSI criteria (for which duplicate isolates are not included) were applied. Conclusions Patients with duplicate isolates may not be representative of antimicrobial resistance within a population. For this reason, users of CASTR data should carefully consider that the criteria used to generate these reports can impact resulting NS rates, and therefore maintain the distinction between CASTRs created for different purposes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides fragilis Group in Canada in 2010-2011: CANWARD Surveillance Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Andrew J. Walkty ◽  
Heather J. Adam ◽  
Melanie R. Baxter ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Bacteroides Ovatus

ABSTRACTClinical isolates of theBacteroides fragilisgroup (n= 387) were collected from patients attending nine Canadian hospitals in 2010-2011 and tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method.B. fragilis(59.9%),Bacteroides ovatus(16.3%), andBacteroides thetaiotaomicron(12.7%) accounted for ∼90% of isolates collected. Overall rates of percent susceptibility were as follows: 99.7%, metronidazole; 99.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam; 99.2%, imipenem; 97.7%, ertapenem; 92.0%, doripenem; 87.3%, amoxicillin-clavulanate; 80.9%, tigecycline; 65.9%, cefoxitin; 55.6%, moxifloxacin; and 52.2%, clindamycin. Percent susceptibility to cefoxitin, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin was lowest forB. thetaiotaomicron(n= 49, 24.5%),Parabacteroides distasonis/P. merdae(n= 11, 9.1%), andB. ovatus(n= 63, 31.8%), respectively. One isolate (B. thetaiotaomicron) was resistant to metronidazole, and two isolates (bothB. fragilis) were resistant to both piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. Since the last published surveillance study describing Canadian isolates ofB. fragilisgroup almost 20 years ago (A.-M. Bourgault et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:343–347, 1992), rates of resistance have increased for amoxicillin-clavulanate, from 0.8% (1992) to 6.2% (2010-2011), and for clindamycin, from 9% (1992) to 34.1% (2010-2011).

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